核桃肽生物活性的研究进展

综述了核桃肽的提取工艺及其抗氧化、抗疲劳、降血糖、免疫调节等生物活性。     

生物活性肽的生理功能及研究进展

随着人们生活水平的提高,伴随现代文明而来的各种富裕病如高血压、高血脂、肥胖病、糖尿病和癌症等越来越引起人们的关注,人们的消费观念已从单纯的吃饱吃好向防病治病方向转变。生物活性肽具有涉及神经、激素和免疫调节、抗血栓、抗高血压、抗胆固醇、抗细菌病毒、抗癌、抗氧化、清除自由基、改善氮素吸收关系和矿质运输、促生长、调节食品风味、口味、硬度等多种生理功能,被誉为21世纪人类健康的新宠儿。简述了生物活性肽的特点、生理功能及其研究进展。     

乳清蛋白生物活性肽研究进展

以乳清蛋白为原料,经过酶解或发酵等方法可以获得独特理化性质的生物活性肽。乳清蛋白生物活性肽来源广、活性强、分子量小,在食品和医药行业有很高的应用研究价值,已经成为研究热点。随着制备、分离纯化以及鉴定技术的不断发展和成熟,越来越多的乳清蛋白生物活性肽被发现。本研究主要综述了乳清蛋白生物活性肽的制备、分离纯化、鉴定方法以及生物功能,并展望了乳清蛋白生物活性肽应用前景,以期为功能性乳清蛋白生物活性肽产品的开发与应用提供参考。     

生物活性肽的辐射防护作用研究进展

对多种生物活性肽的辐射防护作用的研究进展进行了综述,为天然辐射防护剂的研发及临床应用提供科学依据。     

3个六肽的胰岛素受体结合和体内生物活性

为了研究胰岛素受体结合部位的结构和功能,设计并用固相方法合成了３个六肽．在浓度大于１×１０３ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ时,ｃｙｃｌｏ（Ｐｈｅ－Ｐｈｅ－Ｖａｌ－Ｌｅｕ－Ｔｙｒ－Ｇｌｙ）具有明显的胰岛素受体结合活力;Ｈ－Ｐｈｅ－Ｐｈｅ－Ｖａｌ－Ｌｅｕ－Ｔｙｒ－Ｇｌｙ－ＯＨ的这一活力则不明显;而Ｈ－Ｇｌｙ－Ｇｌｕ－Ａｒｇ－Ｇｌｙ－Ｐｈｅ－Ｐｈｅ－ＯＨ则增强胰岛素和其受体的亲和性．然而,它们都没有体内生物活性．这表明：环六肽部分模拟了胰岛素受体结合部位的空间构象;胰岛素受体结合部位的疏水性和其中的Ｂ２３Ｇｌｙ－Ｂ２４Ｐｈｅ－Ｂ２５Ｐｈｅ对胰岛素和其受体的结合起重要作用．     

生物活性低聚肽生理功能的研究进展

相比多肽,低聚肽具有优异的吸收机制与生物活性,本文主要从生物活性低聚肽生理功能的角度综述生物活性低聚肽的研究进展,并对生物活性低聚肽的研究前景进行了展望。     

乳酪蛋白源生物活性肽的研究进展

酪蛋白是生物活性肽的重要来源,可以通过体内的胃肠消化和食品加工过程中的酶解将其释放出来。乳酪蛋白源的生物活性肽的生物学意义、对人类健康的影响和其在新型功能性食品加工中的作用具有重要的研究价值。     

长效多肽药物研究进展

重组蛋白药物在体内存留时间的长短,极大地影响到药物的使用剂量和治疗效果。防止多肽在体内迅速降解、延长半衰期成为蛋白质工程药物改造的重要课题之一。经过许多学者多年来的不懈研究,不少长效多肽药物已经上市,还有一些正在进行临床研究。综述了几种多肽药物常用的长效改造方法如化学修饰、基因融合、点突变以及药物制剂释放系统的改造。     

食物蛋白酶解物中的生物活性肽

本文讨论了食物蛋白质酶解物中的生物活性肽及其药理作用     

Conformational Analysis of the Thrombin Receptor Agonist Peptides SFLLR and SFLLR-NH2 by NMR: Evidence for a Cyclic Bioactive Conformation

The conformational properties of the pentapeptide Ser-Phe-Leu-Leu-Arg (P5), a human thrombin receptor-derived sequence forming part of a tethered ligand which activates the thrombin receptor, and its more active amide derivative Ser-Phe-Leu-Leu-Arg-NH₂ (P5-NH₂), have been studied by proton NMR spectroscopy in dimethylsulfoxide. Measurements of nuclear Overhauser effects, performed using two-dimensional rotating frame nuclear Overhauser (ROESY) and one-dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) spectroscopy, revealed that P5 exists mainly in an extended conformation. However, proton–proton 1D-NOEs between Phe CH and Ser CH, Leu³ CH and Leu³ NH, and Leu⁴ CH and Leu⁴ NH, as well as between the Ser and Arg sidechains, also implicated a minor conformer for P5 having a curved backbone and a near-cyclic structure. In contrast to P5, measurements of NOEs and ROEs for P5-NH₂ revealed a more stabilized cyclic structure which may account for its higher biological potency. Thus strong interresidue sequential NH (i)–NH (i + 1) interactions, as well as C-terminal carboxamide to N-terminal side-chain interactions, i.e., Arg CONH₂ to Phe ring and Arg CONH₂ to Ser , observed at lower levels of the ROESY spectrum, supported a curved backbone structure for SFLLR-NH₂. Since the higher potaency P5-NH₂ analogue adopts predominantly a cyclic structure, a cyclic bioactive conformation for thrombin receptor agonist peptides is suggested.     

From short peptides to nanofibers to macromolecular assemblies in biomedicine

In the last few years, a variety of self-assembling short peptides that consist exclusively of simple amino acids have been designed and modified. These peptides exhibit self-assembling dynamic behaviors. At the molecular structural level, they form α-helical, β-sheet and β-hairpins structures in water. These structures further undergo spontaneous assembly to form nanofibers which aggregate into supramolecular scaffolds that entrap large volumes of water. Furthermore, nanostructures and supramolecular structures that self-organized from these short peptides also have a broad spectrum of biotechnological applications. They are useful as biological materials for 2D and 3D tissue cell cultures, regenerative and reparative medicine, tissue engineering as well as injectable drug delivery matrices that gel in situ. We have endeavored to do a comprehensive review of short peptides that form nanofibrous hydrogels. In particular, we have focused on recent advances in peptide assembly motifs and applications.     

药用真菌活性次级代谢产物研究

药用真菌作为我国传统中医药体系的重要组成部分,有着悠久的历史。它们能够产生丰富的活性次级代谢产物,具有神经保护、抗肿瘤、降血脂等诸多药效。然而,目前对大部分药用真菌次级代谢产物的化学和生物学研究较少。本课题组主要以抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗菌以及抗病毒等生物活性为指导,选择重要药用真菌进行化学研究,构建我国特色药用真菌代谢产物库。文章主要介绍近4年我们在这方面的研究进展。     

Bioactive natural products and chirality

Mori's synthetic works on bioactive natural products in general and pheromones in particular started about 40 years ago to establish their absolute configurations and also to clarify their stereochemistry-bioactivity relationships. Results indicate that bioactive natural products are not always enantiomerically pure, and the stereochemistry-bioactivity relationships are not simple but complicated. For example, neither (R)- nor (S)-sulcatol, the aggregation pheromone of an ambrosia beetle, is behaviorally bioactive, whereas their mixture is active. In the case of olean, the sex pheromone of the olive fruit fly, its (R)-isomer is active against the males and the (S)-isomer is active against the females. Recent synthesis of two new insect pheromones is discussed to illustrate the modern methods in enantioselective synthesis.     

植物内生真菌在医药开发上的应用研究及展望

本文主要概述了植物内生真菌及其生理活性物质研究的最新进展,而今,它们在医药领域的应用越来越受到人们的关注,植物内生真菌是新的天然药物的重要源泉,在新药开发上具有广阔的发展前景。     

几种土壤真菌对烟粉虱的生物活性研究

B型烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci是重大入侵害虫,发展生物防治技术控制其危害具有重要意义。本研究采用浸渍法测定了9种20株土壤真菌对B型烟粉虱的室内活性,结果表明,供试菌株对B型烟粉虱都有一定致病活性,1.0±10^8 孢子/mL的分生孢子悬浮液处理10 d后,烟粉虱2龄若虫的累计校正死亡率为53%~93%,其中淡紫紫孢菌Purpureocillium lilacinum PITS01、PlMS-12和PlMS-15菌株,以及刀孢蜡蚧菌Lecanicillium psalliotae LpTS01菌株引起B型烟粉虱91%以上的死亡率。进一步测定了PITS01和LpTS01菌株对烟粉虱的毒力,结果表明PITS01和LpTS01对烟粉虱2龄若虫在处理第4天的LC50分别为2.8×10^7 孢子/mL和3.6×10^7 孢子/mL,第6天分别为1.7×10^6 孢子/mL和3.6×10^5 孢子/mL;当孢子浓度为1.0×10^7 孢子/mL时,PITS01和LpTS01菌株LT50值分别为4.4 d和4.2 d。菌株PITS01和LpTS01对烟粉虱防治具有一定的应用潜力。     

Identification of a Peptide Mimic of Bioactive Gibberellins with Affinity to GA 2-Oxidase

Previously we reported the first example of peptide mimics of a small hydrophobic molecule, a phytohormone gibberellin. The second peptide mimic of gibberellin has been identified from random peptide libraries by its affinity to a type of catalyzing enzyme of gibberellins, which specifically recognizes bioactive gibberellins. These results suggest that even hydrophobic compounds can be mimicked by peptides.     

产高活性抗癌物质的粘细菌的定向筛选

粘细菌是一类复杂的具有多细胞行为的原核生物,属于革兰氏阴性菌。粘细菌能够产生丰富的活性物质,并且具有菌株特异性,为人类不断发现新的活性物质提供了广阔的前景。本文以3株肿瘤细胞系为筛选模型,采用MTT法,对370多株分离的粘细菌及其代谢产物进行定向筛选,获得六株产高活性物质的粘细菌,并根据《伯杰氏细菌鉴定手册》(第八版),初步把这六株菌株归属到属。     

PBL教学模式在内科临床教学的应用探讨

内科是临床科室的重要组成部分,内科教学是为培养医务工作者的重要步骤,是医学生由学生向医生角色转变的桥梁。传统临床教学以知识灌输为主,学生学习积极性较低,教学质量较低。上世纪60、70年代问题导向(PBL)的教学方法被提出,为教学改革提供了一个全新的思路。本文将PBL教学方法应用于内科临床教学工作中,结合本学科的特点,以学生为中心,以问题为向导,充分发挥学生的学习积极性,提高教学质量,促进学生主动学习能力提高,帮助医学生建立完整的内科诊疗过程思维,进而达到临床内科教学目标。