Branches of the left pulmonary artery vascularizing the left upper pulmonary lobe

The studies were carried out on 100 left lungs taken from dead human bodies of both sexes whose age varied from 16 to 80 years. The pulmonary artery and the bronchus were injected with a 65% solution of duracryl and then digested in sulfuric acid. The specimens obtained were examined to determine the number and dimensions of the branches of the left pulmonary artery penetrating into the upper lobe of the left lung as well as the places at which they branch off from this artery. It was found that in most cases 4 branches ramified from the left pulmonary artery. Their length was 30 mm at the most, and their diameter, 12 mm. In about 50% of the cases the branches which penetrated into the lobe were the apicoanterior trunk, the lingular branch and 1 or 2 subsegmental branches, in about 25% of the cases almost all segmental branches penetrated into the lobe separately. In about 20% of the cases the apicoposterior trunk and independent segmental or subsegmental branches were present. Only in about 5% of the cases did the branches under consideration include the apicoposteroanterior trunk and the remaining segmental and subsegmental branches.     

肺纤维化初期肺动脉高压大鼠肺动脉反应性的变化

目的：观察肺纤维化初期肺动脉高压大鼠肺动脉血管反应性的变化。方法：66只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为博莱霉素（BLM）组和手术对照（Sham）组。BLM组为气管内一次性滴注BLM（5 mg/kg）;Sham组为气管内滴注等容量的生理盐水（NS）。应用离体血管张力检测技术测定大鼠肺动脉血管反应性变化;用HE显示肺动脉壁病理形态学变化;Masson染色检测肺纤维化程度;右心漂浮导管技术测定大鼠平均肺动脉压。结果：①BLM组大鼠的肺动脉血管（保留内皮和去内皮）对苯肾上腺素（PE）的收缩反应均弱于Sham组（P均〈0.05）。②BLM组大鼠肺动脉血管（保留内皮）对氯化乙酰胆碱（Ach）的舒张反应明显弱于Sham组（P〈0.01）。③Sham组有内皮的肺动脉血管对L-NAME和PE联合作用的收缩反应明显强于PE单独作用（P〈0.01）,而BLM组有内皮肺动脉血管对L-NAME和PE联合作用的收缩反应与对PE单独作用比,其差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。④BLM组肺动脉内皮细胞脱落。⑤BLM组大鼠肺组织呈现纤维增生初期的病理特征,且大鼠的平均肺动脉压明显高于Sham组（P〈0.05）。结论：肺纤维化形成初期肺动脉高压大鼠肺动脉血管反应性出现异常。     

肺部微生物组成与特发性肺纤维化生存率相关性研究

目的运用16SrRNA基因测序技术分析特发性肺纤维化(idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis,IPF)患者支气管肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)的微生物组成,研究肺部微生物组成与IPF预后相关性。方法选择2016年3月-2018年3月在本院诊治的IPF患者39例,作为IPF组,以体检健康成年人为对照组,40例。收集患者临床资料、生存时间,检测治疗前肺泡灌洗液中微生物组成。结果 IPF组Shannon指数明显高于对照组(P=0.024)。IPF组患者奈瑟球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌检出率明显高于对照组(P=0.005,0.003,0.003,0.000)。39例IPF患者随访时间为2～60个月,随访结束时患者死亡20例,存活19例,生存率为48.7%,平均生存时间39.8个月,奈瑟球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌检出与IPF患者的预后成反比。结论 IPF患者肺内微生物多样性增加,奈瑟球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌检出与IPF患者生存率呈负相关,可能成为改善IPF的潜在靶点。     

Normal nomogram of the pulmonary artery

With the aim to establish quantitative characteristics of the pulmonary artery in order to use them in planning operations on congenital heart diseases, the data of morphometric investigations on the pulmonary artery has been studied in 83 hearts of newborns, children and mature persons died from causes not connected with any cardiovascular disorders. The regression equations are calculated; they reflect certain dependence between the quantitative characteristics of the pulmonary artery and the area of the body surface.