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目的 为制备清除水环境地塞米松污染的微生物净化剂提供高效降解地塞米松的菌种。方法 将从医院废水分离的可降解地塞米松的降解菌(产硷假单胞菌)接种于地塞米松磷酸钠培养液,常规孵箱37 ℃反复驯化培养。将驯化培养后的细菌接种于地塞米松磷酸钠琼脂平板,常规培养后,挑取单菌落,用高效液相色谱法测定其对地塞米松和地塞米松磷酸钠的降解作用进行筛选,筛选出的菌株再经形态、染色性和16S rDNA鉴定。观察驯化菌生长特性和降解特性,并与降解菌比较。结果 降解菌经驯化培养后,筛选到1株对地塞米松降解作用强的驯化菌,该菌在震荡培养下,对地塞米松磷酸钠的降解率从驯化前的50.86%提高到76.12%,将地塞米松降解为其他物质的降解率从23.63%提高到77.05%。在常规培养下,对地塞米松磷酸钠的降解率从驯化前的20.65%提高到73.84%,将地塞米松降解为其他物质的降解率从22.14%提高到43.08%(P=0.01)。驯化菌的生长曲线与降解菌相似,但降解曲线不同。在接种数小时后即出现降解作用,在48 h出现降解高峰,比降解菌提前约48 h。结论 通过对地塞米松降解菌的驯化和筛选,成功地获得1株具有实用价值的高效降解地塞米松的驯化菌。 相似文献
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高浓度有机质驯化活性污泥对比产生氢率的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用驯化的活性污泥降解蔗糖制取氢气,设计了间歇浓度梯度驯化方案,驯化后不同来源活性污泥的糖代谢速率和产氢速率均有显著提高,使初始含糖量为76~84g/L(实际约6 6kgCOD/m3 ·d)培养液的比产氢率超过了含糖4 0g/L的低浓度培养液的比产氢率而无抑制现象。其中啤酒厂厌氧活性污泥、啤酒厂排污处污泥及南京城市排水沟污泥的蔗糖消耗率均达到85 %以上;比产氢率分别达2 2 4、2 35和2 14molH2 /mol蔗糖。揭示了高浓度有机质的活性污泥间歇浓度梯度驯化过程中糖代谢速率和产氢能力的演变规律,其适用于相当多的驯化活性活泥降解高浓度有机废液,以提高单位产氢能力。 相似文献
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基于微生物燃料电池的反应装置,从污水处理厂曝气池的污泥中通过富集,筛选和基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析等手段驯化出1株高效产电假单胞菌F026。以F026为阳极产电菌制作微生物燃料电池,考察了底物种类、温度和p H值等因素对微生物燃料电池产电性能的影响。结果表明,F026最适合在以可溶性淀粉为底物,p H为中性偏碱性,温度在30~35℃的环境下生长。在此条件下,微生物燃料电池的最高电压达到500 m V,体积功率密度达到2 W/m3。 相似文献
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【目的】从生物垃圾燃料电池阳极淋洗液中分离一株产电菌WJ5-4,研究其产电特性。【方法】根据菌株的形态、生理生化性质及16S r RNA基因测序分析确定其种属,以该菌株为产电菌,以生物垃圾为底物,构建微生物燃料电池(Microbial fuel cell,MFC),研究在不同接种浓度和底物固含量条件下菌株的产电性能。【结果】菌株WJ5-4被初步鉴定属于Nitratireductor属,当接种量200 m L时可获得最大功率密度135.16 m W/m2、稳定电压370 m V和总有机碳(Total organic carbon,TOC)降解率41.46%。当底物固含量为23%时,可获得最大功率密度163.69 m W/m2、稳定电压434 m V和TOC降解率46.29%。【结论】WJ5-4菌能够利用较高固含量的生物垃圾产电,产电周期较长,为下一步微生物燃料电池处理生物垃圾提供科学依据。 相似文献
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【背景】传统絮凝剂的使用会带来安全和环境污染方面的问题,而微生物絮凝剂具有无毒、无二次污染、易生物降解的优点,因此寻找高效廉价的微生物絮凝剂具有重要意义。【目的】研究黄孢原毛平革菌BKMF-1767产生的胞外多糖絮凝剂的絮凝特性及机理。【方法】使用高岭土进行PCF-1767的絮凝活性测定,分析絮凝剂获取时间、Ca2+浓度、投加量、pH、温度对絮凝效率的影响,并测定PCF-1767的热稳定性。测定絮凝剂的单糖组成、糖苷键连接类型、多糖分子量、Zeta电位变化、对絮体形态观察,探讨了PCF-1767的絮凝机理。【结果】培养6–12 d获得的PCF-1767的絮凝活性良好;7 d絮凝剂要获得较好的絮凝效率至少需加入2 mmol/L Ca2+作为助凝剂,最佳投加浓度为0.75–1.35 mg/L,最适pH为3.0-9.0,对温度高于50°C的废水絮凝活性逐渐降低,经过沸水浴处理3 h后的絮凝活性几乎不变。PCF-1767中多糖的一级结构主要由葡萄糖以→4)Glup(1→的方式连接,多糖分子量随培养时间的延长而增大,变化范围为9.897×105–2.126×106 Da。结合Zeta电位变化与絮... 相似文献
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【目的】本研究旨在通过驯化提高噬菌体的裂解能力并降低其宿主菌耐受性产生的速度,从而提高对重要病原菌-碳青霉烯类耐药肺炎克雷伯菌(carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae,CRKp)的杀菌效果。【方法】以临床CRKp菌株Kp2092为宿主菌,利用双层琼脂平板法从污水中分离噬菌体并分析其裂解谱;对其中的广谱强裂解性噬菌体通过透射电镜观察其形态特征并进行全基因组测序;通过噬菌体-宿主连续培养进行噬菌体驯化,并比较驯化前后噬菌体生物学特性的差异。【结果】分离得到的9株肺炎克雷伯菌噬菌体中,噬菌体P55anc裂解能力强且裂解谱广,透射电镜观察发现其为短尾噬菌体。P55anc基因组全长40 301 bp,包含51个编码序列,其中27个具有已知功能,主要涉及核酸代谢、噬菌体结构蛋白、DNA包装和细胞裂解等。噬菌体P55anc经9d的驯化后,得到3株驯化噬菌体。驯化后噬菌体杀菌能力增强,主要表现为细菌生长曲线显著下降、噬菌体暴发量增多、裂解谱扩大,且宿主菌对其产生抗性的概率显著降低。与此同时,驯化后的噬菌体在热处理、紫外暴露以及血清等环境下保持较好的稳定性。【结论】利用噬菌体-宿主连续培养的方法可对噬菌体进行驯化和筛选,驯化后的噬菌体杀菌效果更强,且在不同压力处理下的稳定性良好,而细菌产生噬菌体抗性的概率也降低。 相似文献
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从云南省泸西县的污水处理厂分离到一株菌胶团形成菌YN12,经过鉴定与象牙白伪杜擀氏菌(Pseudoduganella eburnea)10R5-21T模式株具有较近的亲缘关系,属于同一物种。为揭示该菌株与其他活性污泥细菌间菌胶团形成机制及碳源利用方面的异同,对该菌株进行全基因组测序、组装、注释及比较基因组学分析。结果表明:P. eburnea YN12株基因组大小约为5934 kb, G+C含量为63.9%,包含5313个蛋白质编码序列,具有与喜树脂动胶菌(Zoogloea resiniphila)MMB株、解叔丁醇水居菌(Aquincola tertiaricarbonis)RN12株及解壳聚糖松江菌(Mitsuaria chitosanitabida)XHY-A6株相似的胞外多糖生物合成途径、PrsK-PrsR双组分系统和PEP-CTERM胞外蛋白家族,共同介导和调控的菌胶团形成机制。与后者相比,菌株YN12中胞外多聚物(Extracellular polymeric substances, EPS)形成相关基因集中在大小约为72 kb的大型基因簇上,且能吸收利用的碳源特别是单糖、... 相似文献
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同型产乙酸菌是一类具有巨大工业应用潜力的微生物类群,可利用合成气生成乙醇和乙酸等燃料和化学品。本研究采集城市污泥样品利用Hungate滚管法进行同型产乙酸菌的筛选,并利用其进行H2/CO2气体的生物转化,研究了p H对其乙酸和乙醇生成情况的影响。结果表明,所获得的同型产乙酸菌混培物组成为永达尔梭菌,纺缍形赖氨酸芽胞杆菌和蜡样芽胞杆菌等。该混培物最适p H为5-7。p H为7时混培物利用H2/CO2气体得到乙酸浓度可达到31.69 mmol/L。本研究获得了一种可利用H2/CO2合成乙酸的同型产乙酸菌混培物,为合成气生物转化的工业应用提供了有效的微生物资源。 相似文献
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以一株新筛选得到的海洋产电菌Shewanella marisflavi EP1作为实验材料,研究了该菌株关于偶氮、蒽醌、三苯基甲烷等染料的脱色能力及脱色机制。结果表明,该菌株对这些染料均具有较好的脱色能力,最高脱色容量达到925 mg染料/(g细胞干重.d)。EP1能利用葡萄糖、蔗糖、木糖、乳酸、甲酸、柠檬酸等多种碳源将单偶氮染料丽春红2R脱色。脱色的pH、温度和NaCl浓度范围分别是:pH 6-10、15°C-40°C、0-8%。最优脱色条件:乳酸,pH 8、35°C、1%-2%NaCl,10 h内脱色率高达99.95%。分光光谱结果表明,在0-8%NaCl浓度范围内EP1脱色机制为降解脱色。 相似文献
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【背景】含硫煤矿开采后,地表水/地下水回流至采空区形成酸性老窑水,含有高浓度重金属离子和硫酸盐,严重危害生态系统健康。利用微生物自身生长处理老窑水具有成本低、环境友好等特点,具有良好的应用前景。目前利用的硫酸盐还原菌大多只在适宜温度和中性pH条件下具有较高活性,在北方低温和酸性条件下难以发挥作用。【目的】本研究旨在从山西阳泉山底河流域的老窑水环境中分离硫酸盐还原菌,并调节温度和pH进行驯化,从而得到高效耐低温耐酸菌株,为北方老窑水微生物治理提供可用菌种资源。【方法】对山底河流域典型老窑水样品中的微生物进行富集培养,并筛选硫酸盐还原菌。通过革兰氏染色、扫描电镜对菌株形貌特性进行表征,利用16SrRNA基因序列比对进行菌种鉴定,探究其生长特性和硫酸盐还原性能。在此基础上降低温度和pH,对高效还原硫酸盐菌株进行驯化,探讨其在北方老窑水污染治理中的应用潜力。【结果】本研究筛选得到2株硫酸盐还原菌,命名为YQ-1和YQ-2,分别属于革兰氏阴性瘤胃解蛋白质菌属(Proteiniclasticum)和脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)。在30°C、pH 7.5条件下,YQ-1和YQ-2对1 1... 相似文献
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采集昭苏县野生羊肚菌(Morchella esculenta)根际水平直径10 cm、深度0~30 cm范围内的3层各10 cm土壤样品,利用Illumina miseq 2×300 bp高通量测序技术和生物信息学分析方法检测细菌类群的多样性。结果显示,细菌群落Chao和Shannon指数在0~30 cm土层中的平均值分别为152和3.68,且两种指数在10~20 cm土层均最高;细菌群落在各分类水平上的类群(最大类群丰度)分别为变形菌门(Proteobacteria,36.3%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)等13门;黄杆菌科(Flavobacteriaceae,8.4%)、芽胞杆菌科(Bacillaceae)和葡萄球菌科(Staphylococcaceae)等43科;葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus,7.1%)、杆状菌属(Bacillus)和Cloacibacterium等52属;不能培养的α-变形杆菌(uncultured α-proteobacterium,2.0%)、不能培养的嗜甲基菌科1种(uncultured Methylophilaceae bacterium)和路西法芽胞杆菌(Bacillus luciferensis)等44种。检测到固氮菌32属,包括15属自生固氮菌、9属共生固氮菌和8属联合固氮菌。结果表明,羊肚菌土壤根际微生物样品中细菌类群具有多样性,10~20 cm土层根际微生物多样性较高,但很多种类丰度较低;该土样含有丰富的固氮菌,这对栽培羊肚菌如何选地或覆土具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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Lixin Deng;Ali Zhang;Anze Wang;Hao Zhang;Tingting Wang;Weining Song;Hong Yue; 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2024,120(4):1263-1277
The domestication process progressively differentiated wild relatives from modern cultivars, thus impacting plant-associated microorganisms. Endophytic bacterial communities play vital roles in plant growth, development, and health, which contribute to the crop's sustainable development. However, how plant domestication impacts endophytic bacterial communities and relevant root exudates in wheat remains unclear. First, we have observed that the domestication process increased the root endophytic microbial community diversity of wheat while decreasing functional diversity. Second, domestication decreased the endophytic bacterial co-occurrence network stability, and it did significantly alter the abundances of core microorganisms or potential probiotics. Third, untargeted LC–MS metabolomics revealed that domestication significantly altered the metabolite profiles, and the abundances of various root exudates released were significantly correlated with keystone taxa including the Chryseobacterium, Massilia, and Lechevalieria. Moreover, we found that root exudates, especially L-tyrosine promote the growth of plant-beneficial bacteria, such as Chryseobacterium. Additionally, with L-tyrosine and Chryseobacterium colonized in the roots, the growth of wild wheat's roots was significantly promoted, while no notable effect could be found in the domesticated cultivars. Overall, this study suggested that wild wheat as a key germplasm material, and its native endophytic microbes may serve as a resource for engineering crop microbiomes to improve the morphological and physiological traits of crops in widely distributed poor soils. 相似文献
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The optimization of microbial flocculation for subsequent biomass separation must relate the floc properties to separation process criteria. The effects of flocculant type, dose, and hydrodynamic conditions on floc formation in laminar tube flow were determined for an Escherichia coli system. Combined with an on-line aggregation sensor, this technique allows the flocculation process to be rapidly optimized. This is important, because interbatch variation in fermentation broth has consequences for flocculation control and subsequent downstream processing. Changing tube diameter and length while maintaining a constant flow rate allowed independent study of the effects of shear and time on the flocculation rate and floc characteristics. Tube flow at higher shear rates increased the rate and completeness of flocculation, but reduced the maximum floc size attained. The mechanism for this size limitation does not appear to be fracture or erosion of existing flocs. Rearrangement of particles within the flocs appears to be most likely. The Camp number predicted the extent of flocculation obtained in terms of the reduction in primary particle number, but not in terms of floc size. (c) 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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Domesticated crops show a reduced level of diversity that is commonly attributed to the “domestication bottleneck”; a drastic reduction in the population size associated with subsampling the wild progenitor species and the imposition of selection pressures associated with the domestication syndrome. A prediction of the domestication bottleneck is a sharp decline in genetic diversity early in the domestication process. Surprisingly, archaeological genomes of three major annual crops do not indicate that such a drop in diversity occurred early in the domestication process. In light of this observation, we revisit the general assumption of the domestication bottleneck concept in our current understanding of the evolutionary process of domestication. 相似文献
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植物与共存微生物的相互作用对植物的生长、发育、健康等具有重大影响。人类驯化导致现代作物品种与其野生祖先在生理遗传特性、生长环境等方面存在明显差异, 这必然会影响作物与其微生物组的相互作用。理解驯化对作物微生物组的影响及其作用机理, 是充分应用微生物组进行作物改良或人工育种的重要理论基础。结合课题组前期研究基础, 该文综述了驯化对作物地下和地上部分细菌和真菌(尤其是益生菌和病原菌)群落组成和多样性影响的研究现状; 并结合驯化对作物植株形态、根系构型、根系分泌物等生理特征以及生长环境的影响, 分析了驯化塑造作物微生物组的作用途径, 提出了该领域值得重点关注的研究和发展方向。 相似文献
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Joëlle Ronfort Sylvain Glemin 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》2013,67(5):1518-1526
Mating systems are expected to have a strong influence on both the dynamic of adaptation and the genetic architecture of adaptive traits. In particular, the bias toward the fixation of dominant or partially dominant beneficial mutations predicted under outcrossing (Haldane's sieve) is expected to be reduced under self‐fertilization. To test this prediction in plants, we considered domestication as an example of adaptation. We compiled data from studies reporting the degree of dominance of quantitative trait loci (QTL) involved in the domestication syndrome. We found that adaptation to cultivation mostly proceeded through the selection of recessive and partially recessive genes in predominantly selfing species whereas a much larger fraction of domestication‐related QTL were dominant or partially dominant in outcrossers, as expected under Haldane's sieve. Our study also showed that levels of dominance in mixed mating crop species resemble those observed in selfers, suggesting that recessive alleles can contribute to adaptation even under moderate selfing rates. Although these results rely on a particular example of adaptation, they constitute one of the first attempts to test theoretical expectations on the level of dominance of genes involved in plant adaptation. 相似文献