三角鳞毛蕨配子体发育的研究

采用混合土培养三角鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris subtriangularis)孢子,显微镜下观察记录其孢子萌发及配子体发育过程。结果表明：孢子深褐色,赤道面豆形,极面观椭圆形,单裂缝。播种1周左右孢子萌发,萌发类型为书带蕨型,配子体发育为三叉蕨型。播种2周左右发育为片状体。播种4周左右发育形成幼原叶体,成熟原叶体呈心脏形。原叶体边缘及腹面均可产生毛状体,数量丰富,为单细胞。播种6周左右开始有性器官出现,精子器近圆球形,由3细胞组成,成熟颈卵器颈部由4列细胞组成,3～5层细胞高。原叶体受精后1个月内即可观察到从原叶体上生成的幼胚。     

肿足蕨的配子体发育研究

对肿足蕨(Hypodematium crenatum(Forssk.)Kuhn)的孢子进行人工培养,在显微镜下观察其孢子萌发和配子体发育.结果表明,肿足蕨的孢子深褐色,二面体型,单裂缝,具周壁,有密集的褶皱状纹饰.孢子赤道面观为肾形,极面观为椭圆形.孢子萌发类型为书带蕨型(Vittaria-type),原叶体发育为叉蕨(Aspidium-type).成熟原叶体为对称心形,原叶体上毛状体极其发达,有两种不同类型的毛状体,分别为乳头状和长针状.假根分叉,常见膨大.成熟的原叶体为雌雄同株,精子器由3个细胞构成,同一原叶体上同时存在处于不同发育时期的精子器,颈卵器长且较为弯曲.肿足蕨的配子体发育表现出较为进化的特点,同时也形成了对石灰岩生境的高度适应机制.     

变异鳞毛蕨的孢子培养与配子体发育研究

应用无菌培养和常规泥土培养两种方法对变异鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris varia)孢子进行了比较研究,并在光学显微镜下观察了其配子体的发育过程.结果表明:蔗糖浓度为2%的1/2MS与MS培养基对孢子萌发时间和萌发率影响不大,但前者较适于孢子萌发,而后者则适于孢子体形成;在1/2MS培养基上,1%的蔗糖浓度比其它浓度更适宜于孢子的萌发.以菜园士为培养基质时,变异鳞毛蕨孢子的萌发时间短且萌发率高,但幼孢子体出现的时间明显晚于无菌培养.孢子萌发为书带蕨型,原叶体发育为三叉蕨型,符合鳞毛蕨属配子体发育的特征.     

下延叉蕨和芽胞叉蕨配子体发育的研究

利用光学显微镜详细观察了叉蕨属(Tectaria)下延叉蕨(Tectaria decurrens)和芽胞叉蕨(T.fauriei)的配子体发育过程,记录了配子体各发育阶段的特征。结果表明:(1)下延叉蕨和芽胞叉蕨的孢子均为单裂缝,具周壁,由周壁形成纹饰,孢子极面观椭圆形,赤道面观豆形或肾形。(2)孢子萌发方式为向心型。(3)原叶体发育方式为三叉蕨型。(4)成熟原叶体心脏形,两翼向斜上方扩展。(5)均具单细胞和多细胞毛状体,在丝状体或片状体阶段出现。研究认为,从配子体发育角度看,叉蕨属是较进化的陆生真蕨类;毛状体的类型、位置和出现时间等特征在叉蕨属种间存在差异,可作为该属种间分类的特征。     

中华鳞毛蕨配子体发育过程的观察

Morphological variation during the gametophyte development process of Dryopteris chinensis ( Bak.) Koidz. was observed. The results show that the development process of D. chinensis can be divided into spore germination, filament formation, plate formation, prothallus formation, sexual organ formation and apogamety. The spores are bilaterally symmetric, monolete, surface with ridge fold ornamentation, elliptical in polar view, and approximately semicircle-shaped in equatorial view. The spore germination type is of Vittaria-type;the filaments with a length of 3-7 cells, not branched or occasionally branched, with single or double row cells; mature prothallus is symmetrically cordate, and the development type of prothallus is of Aspidium-type, with long unicellular clavate trichomes distributed on the surface and in the margin;with antheridium but archegonium is not observed, belongs to apogamety. One prothallium of D. chinensis produces one embryo, and young embryo can be generated within one month after the formation of antheridium; there are a lot of unicellular trichomes and some multicellular trichomes on the young embryo of sporophyte.     

东北蕨类植物配子体发育的研究Ⅷ铁角蕨科

本文研究了过山蕨配子体的发育过程。孢子左右对称,单裂缝,具周壁,孢子萌发为书带蕨型,丝状体２－７个细胞长,原叶体发育为三叉蕨型,原叶体的毛状体形状多样。性器官较小,在配子体上的此等特征说明过山蕨为进化的类型。     

金粉蕨配子体发育及其无配子生殖的研究

采用光学显微镜和半薄切片技术对金粉蕨(Onychium siliculosum(Desv.)C.Chr.)的配子体发育及其无配子生殖进行了研究。金粉蕨孢子黄褐色,具三裂缝,孢子萌发时先产生假根,然后长出原叶体细胞,萌发类型为书带蕨型。原叶体细胞经丝状体、片状体发育为原叶体,发育类型为水蕨型。金粉蕨配子体分枝发达,成熟配子体呈丛状。多次培养表明金粉蕨只能产生精子器,不能产生颈卵器,为专性无配子生殖。半薄切片观察表明配子体生长点下方的细胞经分裂产生一群小型细胞,由它们发育为无配子生殖胚。小型细胞先分化出无性胚芽,再分化出胚根。胚芽与胚根,胚与配子体之间由分化出的导管连接。     

普通针毛蕨配子体发育的研究

采用混合土培养普通针毛蕨（Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaud.) Ching）孢子,显微镜下观察记录其孢子萌发及配子体发育过程。结果表明：孢子褐色,赤道面观为半圆形,极面观椭圆形,单裂缝。播种3 d左右孢子萌发,萌发类型为书带蕨型,配子体发育为槲蕨型。播种7 d左右发育为片状体,丝状体与片状体两阶段的界限不明显。原叶体边缘及背腹面均可产生毛状体。播种21 d左右发育形成幼原叶体,成熟原叶体呈心脏形。播种35 d左右开始有性器官出现,精子器近圆球形,由3个细胞组成,成熟颈卵器颈部由4列细胞组成,4～5层细胞高。原叶体受精后1个月内即可观察到从原叶体上生成的幼胚。     

粗齿黔蕨配子体发育的研究

用原生境腐殖土对粗齿黔蕨(Phanerophlebiopsis blinii(Lévl.)Ching)的孢子进行培养,显微镜下观察孢子萌发和配子体发育过程.结果表明:粗齿黔蕨的孢子深棕色,单裂缝,极面观椭圆形,赤道面观为半圆形.播种1周后孢子萌发,萌发类型为书带蕨型(Vittaria-type),配子体发育为叉蕨型(Aspidium-type).丝状体由4～12个细胞组成,片状体宽达9个细胞,斜向一侧生长,边缘具毛状体.播种约2个月后形成原叶体,成熟原叶体成对称心形.在粗齿黔蕨的配子体发育过程中,成熟原叶体的背腹面和边缘均被毛状体,假根有分叉且尖部常膨大,并含有较大的颗粒状贮藏物,精子器有3个壁细胞等特征较为进化,而颈卵器粗短且直立的特征较为原始.粗齿黔蕨的精子器和颈卵器发育不同步,精子器的出现和成熟均早于颈卵器的发育.从配子体发育的角度,初步探讨了粗齿黔蕨野外种群数量较少的成因.     

东北蕨类植物配子体发育的研究X.岩蕨科

在室内培养条件下,详尽地比较观察了我国东北产的岩蕨科２属４种的配子体发育过程,了解该科在配子体发育上的特征,来说明建立岩蕨科的合理性和种属间的区别。     

香鳞毛蕨配子体发育的研究

研究了香鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris fragrans (L.)Schott)配子体的发育过程。结果发现孢子极面观为椭圆形,赤道面观为半圆形,单裂缝。孢子萌发为书带蕨型;丝状体2～9个细胞长,有明显顶端细胞,可形成多细胞的广阔板状片状体;片状体顶端分生组织继续分裂,发育为幼原叶体;原叶体发育为三叉蕨型;毛状体数量丰富,均为单细胞;颈卵器和精子器几乎同时形成,较小;成熟原叶体倒卵状心脏形。该配子体表现为进化性状。     

Anatomy of six species of Dryopteris ferns (Dryopteridaceae) from Mexico

Rhizome and foliar anatomy of the Mexican Dryopteris Adans. species were studied and compared with other Dryopteridaceae and other fern families to identify anatomical features with diagnostic value. The anatomy of rhizome, stipe, and blade is similar in species of the Dryopteris patula complex. The cells with un-lignified, thickened wall, with cap or U-shape around the meristeles belong to the collenchyma, in contrast with other fern families. Dryopteris wallichiana (Spreng.) Hyl. is anatomically distinguished from the other studied species by having more layers of sclerenchyma and meristeles on the stipe, and by the lack of sclereid nests on the rhizome. Dryopteris rossii C. Chr. and D. maxonii Underw. & C. Chr. are characterized by the presence of crystals on the periphery of rhizome nests. D. maxonni and D. wallichiana lack blade glands.     

球腺肿足蕨的配子体发育特征及其系统学意义

采用改良Knop’s营养液液体和固体培养基,对球腺肿足蕨的孢子进行人工培养,利用光学显微镜观察其孢子的萌发及配子体发育过程。结果表明:成熟的孢子深褐色,不透明,极面观为椭圆形,赤道面观为豆形,单裂缝,周壁具密集的波纹状褶皱。孢子萌发类型为书带蕨型,原叶体发育类型为三叉蕨型。孢子接种后7d左右萌发,30d左右形成为片状体,50d左右发育为幼原叶体,幼原叶体不对称,但成熟原叶体心脏形对称。原叶体边缘及背腹面都具乳头状毛状体。75d左右精子器出现,精子器近圆球形,由3个细胞构成。90d左右颈卵器出现,成熟颈卵器颈部由4～5列细胞构成,3～5层细胞高。原叶体受精后1个月内可看到幼孢子体生成。最后讨论其系统学意义。     

湖北鳞毛蕨属植物的地理分布及区系特征

对湖北鳞毛蕨后植物的地理分布和区系特点进行了研究。鳞毛蕨后植物广布于世界各地,该后的分布和多样性中心位于中国西南部和东喜马拉雅山区;另一中心则位于日本,中国东南部和南部。鳞毛蕨后是一个自然的北温带分布属。中国有鳞毛蕨后植物134种(包括7变种),西南地区(云南、四川、贵州等)是国产鳞毛蕨属植物分布最集中的地区。区系分析表明：湖北鳞毛蕨后植物种类比较丰富,有36种,主要分布于鄂西北和鄂西南山区,是构成湖北森林植物区系林下草本植物的主要成分之一;地理成分比较复杂,种的分析显示出以中国一日本分布和中国持有分布为主的特点;与相邻省鳞毛蕨属植物区系的关系比较密切;区系过渡性明显。     

四回毛枝蕨配子体发育的研究

采用MS培养基培养四回毛枝蕨孢子,利用光学显微镜详细观察记录了其孢子萌发、配子体发育及幼孢子体形成的整个过程。结果表明:成熟的孢子黑褐色,不透明,极面观圆球形,赤道面观蚕豆型,单裂缝,表面微褶皱。播种后8d左右萌发,萌发类型为书带蕨型,配子体发育为三叉蕨型。播种20d左右发育为片状体。播种30d左右形成幼原叶体,幼原叶体暂不对称,成熟原叶体呈蝴蝶形。原叶体边缘及背腹面都具毛状体,数量丰富,单细胞。播种50d左右开始有性器官出现,精子器近圆球形,由3细胞构成,成熟颈卵器颈部由5列细胞构成。原叶体受精后1月内可看到幼胚生成。     

阔鳞瘤蕨(水龙骨科)配子体形态发育的研究

利用光学显微镜详细观察记录了阔鳞瘤蕨孢子萌发、配子体发育及幼孢子体形成的整个形态发育过程。结果表明:成熟孢子黄色,极面观椭圆形,赤道面观肾形,近极单裂缝,表面具大小不一的球形颗粒。接种后6~8 d孢子萌发,萌发类型为书带蕨型,形成3~7个细胞的丝状体。原叶体发育为槲蕨型,接种后30 d左右进入片状体阶段,毛状体出现在片状体形成之后,幼原叶体短舌状,成熟原叶体心脏形。精子器在接种后60 d左右开始产生,颈卵器在精子器发生后10 d左右形成,每个原叶体上只能形成一个受精卵。培养基培养的片状体常在基部进行营养繁殖。     

Phylogeny, divergence times, and historical biogeography of New World Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae)

? Premise of the study: Dryopteris is a large, cosmopolitan fern genus ideal for addressing questions about diversification, biogeography, hybridization, and polyploidy, which have historically been understudied in ferns. We constructed a highly resolved, well-supported phylogeny for New World Dryopteris and used it to investigate biogeographic patterns and divergence times. ? Methods: We analyzed relationships among 97 species of Dryopteris, including taxa from all major biogeographic regions, with analyses based on 5699 aligned nucleotides from seven plastid loci. Phylogenetic analyses used maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference. We conducted divergence time analyses using BEAST and biogeographic analyses using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, Bayesian, and S-DIVA approaches. We explored the monophyly of subgenera and sections in the most recent generic classification and of geographic groups of taxa using Templeton tests. ? Key results: The genus Dryopteris arose ca. 42 million years ago (Ma). Most of the Central and South American species form a well-supported clade which arose 32 Ma, but the remaining New World species are the result of multiple, independent dispersal and vicariance events involving Asia, Europe, and Africa over the last 15 Myr. We identified six long-distance dispersal events and three vicariance events in the immediate ancestry of New World species; reconstructions for another four lineages were ambiguous. ? Conclusions: New World Dryopteris are not monophyletic; vicariance has dominated the history of the North American species, while long-distance dispersal prevails in the Central and South American species, a pattern not previously seen in plants.     

Sexual phase of the ferns Odontosoria schlechtendalii and Odontosoria scandens (Dennstaedtiaceae)

The results of morphogenesis studies of the sexual phase of Odontosoria schlechtendalii and O. scandens are presented in this paper. In O. schlechtendalii and O. scandens the spores are triletes, non-chlorophyllous, and germinación is of the Vittaria-type, devoid of perine, the exine is smooth and sometimes coarsely ridged to reticulate. The development pattern is of the Adiantum-type. The adult gametophyte is cordate-spathulate, with probable presence of anteridiogen in O. schlechtendalii, both species are glabrous. Sex organs are of the common type of the leptosporangiate ferns. The first leaves appeared after 56-92 days of culture, with petiole and plate divide narrow, trichomes bifurcate and stomate anomocytic.     

江南星蕨配子体形态发育的研究

用无机培养基和土壤培养基分别培养江南星蕨(Microsorium fortunei(Moore)Ching)孢子,显微镜下观察记录其孢子萌发及配子体形态发育过程.结果表明:孢子黄色,赤道面观豆形,极面观椭圆形,单裂缝,外壁具刺状纹饰.接种后7～12d孢子萌发,萌发类型为书带蕨型,配子体发育为槲蕨型.接种后25 d左右发育为片状体,片状体形成顶端细胞的时间较晚,有的甚至不形成.无机培养基培养的原叶体常在基部发生营养繁殖.毛状体出现在片状体形成之后,数量丰富,多为单细胞,分布于原叶体背腹面及边缘.接种后60 d左右发育形成幼原叶体,成熟原叶体呈心脏形.接种后80 d左右开始有性器官出现,精子器的出现较颈卵器早10d左右.颈卵器成熟后,颈部常向原叶体基部倾斜或弯曲.