中国鲸类动物的人工饲养

我国从1965 年由青岛海产博物馆首次开始饲养江豚和宽吻海豚。以后中国科学院水生生物研究所等单位先后饲养白鳍豚和长江江豚成功, 1995 年以后, 由于外国资本和技术的介入, 使我国鲸类动物的人工饲养水平很快赶上世界先进水平, 但由于发展速度太快,布局也不尽合理, 因此, 必须认真研究和探讨, 使我国鲸类动物的人工饲养得到健康有序的发展。
     

人工饲养褐马鸡的繁殖生物学研究

人工饲养褐马鸡的繁殖生物学研究刘冰许,徐新杰郑州市动物园４５０００２褐马鸡（Ｃｒｏｓｓｏｐｔｉｌｏｎｍａｎｔｃｈｕｒｉｃｕｍ）,属鸡形目雉科,为我国一级保护野生动物。刘焕金等曾对褐马鸡的野外生态学进行了较为系统的研究￣［２］,而人工饲养褐马鸡的繁殖生...     

寻找早期的鲸类动物

地球上现存的最大动物就要属鲸类了。它们的体长可以达到几十米,体重达数十吨以上,出没在世界各大洋中。体形最大的要数蓝鲸,它可以长到近40米,体重达120吨,要比任何一种恐龙都要大。鲸类家族有八十多个种类,属于大型哺乳动物。鲸类彼此之间的体形和外观都有极大的差异,使得人们对它们的起源产生了极大的兴趣。     

蟒蛇的人工饲养与繁殖技术

蟒蛇全身都是宝,具有很高的营养价值和经济价值,在食品、医药、皮革及乐器制造等方面都广泛应用。蟒蛇主要分布于东南亚、非洲、澳洲和南美洲的温暖、潮湿地区,我国南部也是蟒蛇的主要分布区域之一。近年来,由于人类过度地捕猎以及野外生态环境的恶化,使野生蟒蛇数量急剧下降,这与人类日益增长的需求量形成了强烈的矛盾,因此促使了蟒蛇养殖业的发展。20世纪60年代初,广西、云南等地陆续有人尝试蟒蛇的人工繁殖,但均没有成功,未形成规模化养殖。近日,据我们对越南蟒蛇人工繁殖业的考察,发现该国已成功饲养了缅甸蟒。从饲养规模和方式看,该国…     

人工饲养下白枕鹤繁殖生态的研究

人工饲养下白枕鹤繁殖生态的研究徐新杰,刘冰许郑州动物园４５０００２白枕鹤（ＯＩ,ｓ吻功）是国家二级保护动物,《国际濒危物种贸易公约》中列为１级濒危物种【‘］。研究在人工饲养条件下的繁殖生态,是移地保护的重要内容。我们近年进行了该项研究,报告如下。１亲...     

人工饲养条件下子午沙鼠的繁殖特征

人工饲养条件下子午沙鼠的繁殖特征ＴＨＥＢＲＥＥＤＩＮＧＦＥＡＴＵＲＥＯＦＭＥＲＩＯＮＥＳＭＥＲＩＤＩＡＮＵＳＵＮＤＥＲＴＨＥＡＲＴＩＦｌＣＩＡＬＣＯＮＤＩＴＩＯＮＳＫｅｙｗｏｒｄｓＭｅｒｉｏｎｅｓｍｅｒｉｄｉａｎｕｓ;Ｋｅｅｐｉｎｇ;Ｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃ...     

人工饲养条件下娃娃鱼的生物学及繁殖研究初探

娃娃鱼(大鲵的俗称)是3亿年前古生代泥盆纪时期由鱼类演变而成的古老两栖动物,是我国特有珍稀动物。它在地质学、仿生学、动物学、古生物学和动物进化上具有重要的科研价值,也有很高的食用和药用等经济价值。在港台市场上被视为珍稀补品。近年来,国内娃娃鱼产区人工滥捕成风,资源遭到严重破坏。因而,开展对娃娃鱼人工絮养的研究有利于资料保护和增殖。本研究是针对娃娃鱼不能在南方和花岗岩地区养殖的理论禁区进行初步实验,目的在于探讨娃娃鱼人工养殖的生物学特性,从而在理论和技术上进一步提高娃娃鱼研究水平,为今后开展大规模人工养殖提供资料。     

云眼斑螳的人工饲养和繁殖

介绍了观赏昆虫云眼斑螳的形态、习性以及在北方人工饲养、繁殖的方法和饲养过程中应注意的问题等.     

鸬鹚的繁殖习性及人工饲养

鸬鹚（Phalacrocorax）为鹈形目（Pelecaniformes）、鸬鹚科（Phalacrocoracidae）、鸬鹚属（Phalacrocorax）的鸟类,是世界各地极为常见的大型水禽,除南北极外各地均有分布。鸬鹚在世界有30种,我国有5种,为普通鸬鹚（P．carbo）、斑头鸬鹚（P.filamentosus）、黑颈鸬鹚（P．niger）、红脸鸬鹚（P．urile）和海鸬鹚（P．pelagicus）。鸬鹚在我国遍及全国,但以东南沿海各省为多,我国常见的为普通鸿虬因为它生来喜欢吃鱼,所以人们称它“鱼老鸦”。鸬鹚的全身几乎都是黑色并带有金属光泽,只有两顿和喉部是白色,但繁殖期的亲鸟,头…     

棕肩狨猴人工饲养与繁殖的初步研究

本文对棕肩狨猴在实验室笼养条件下,进行了饲养繁殖与育仔的初步研究,发现控制好一定的温度、相对湿度、光照、营养和良好的管理,对于该狨猴的繁殖与育仔的成功具有十分重要的作用。该品种狨猴在国内繁殖成功尚属首次。     

Artificial insemination and eugenics: celibate motherhood, eutelegenesis and germinal choice

This paper traces the history of artificial insemination by selected donors (AID) as a strategy for positive eugenic improvement. While medical artificial insemination has a longer history, its use as a eugenic strategy was first mooted in late nineteenth-century France. It was then developed as 'scientific motherhood' for war widows and those without partners by Marion Louisa Piddington in Australia following the Great War. By the 1930s AID was being more widely used clinically in Britain (and elsewhere) as a medical solution to male infertility for married couples. In 1935 English postal clerk, Herbert Brewer, promoted AID (eutelegenesis) as the socialization of the germ plasm in a eugenic scheme. The next year Hermann Muller, American Drosophila geneticist and eugenicist, presented his plan for human improvement by AID to Stalin. Some twenty years later, Muller, together with Robert Klark Graham, began planning a Foundation for Germinal Choice in California. This was finally opened in 1980 as the first practical experiment in eugenic AID, producing some 215 babies over the twenty years it functioned. While AID appeared to be a means of squaring a eugenic circle by separating paternity from love relationships, and so allowing eugenic improvement without inhibiting individual choice in marriage, it found very little favour with those who might use it, not least because of a couple's desire to have their 'own' children has always seemed stronger than any eugenic aspirations. No state has ever contemplated using AID as a social policy.     

灰仓鼠的室内繁殖研究

根据实验室饲养的灰仓鼠资料和观察对该鼠的繁殖进行了研究。结果显示：该鼠的好斗习性经过5年驯养已较温顺。性成熟为50d,动情周期4～4．5d,交配高峰在晚上23．00点至次日1．00点,妊娠周期19d（16～21）,平均产仔间隔39．25d.窝仔数4．59只／窝（1～10）,离乳成活率64．5％,雌雄性比0．883（242／274）,并就以上三个指标在不同季节、不同胎次和不同繁殖代数进行了比较。雌体繁殖高峰3～12月,雌、雄体最长繁殖年限分别1．5和2．0年,寿命2．5年以上。     

贯众的繁殖方法及栽培技术

介绍了用贯众根茎及孢子的繁殖方法,为扩大药源及开发利用提供参考.     

Reproduction and population growth in free-ranging mantled howling monkeys

Free-ranging mantled howling monkey (Alouatta palliata Gray) females experienced a regular estrus cycle averaging 16.3 days, demonstrated sexual skin changes, and participated in multiple matings before becoming pregnant. Gestation averaged 186 days. The average interval between births was 22.5 months. Sexual maturity occurred at approximately 36 and 42 months for females and males, respectively. Female age at first birth was about 3½ years. Births were scattered during some years and clustered during others. The age, rank, and parity of the females affected infant survival. More female than male infants survived to one year of age. Increased population size was the result of immigration rather than births.     

Reproduction elevates the corticosterone stress response in common fruit bats

Changes in reproductive state or the environment may affect the sensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-andrenal (HPA) axis. However, little is known about the dynamics of the resulting corticosteroid stress response, in particular in tropical mammals. In this study, we address the modulation of corticosterone release in response to different reproductive conditions and seasonality in 326 free-living common fruit-eating bats (Artibeus jamaicensis) on Barro Colorado Island in Panama during dry and wet seasons. We present strong evidence that stress sensitivity is primarily modulated by reproductive condition. In reproductively active females, corticosterone increases were more rapid and reached higher levels, but also decreased significantly faster than in inactive females. The corticosterone response was weaker in reproducing males than in females and delayed compared to non-reproductive males. Testes volume in reproductively active males was negatively correlated with corticosterone concentrations. Our findings suggest differentiated dynamics in the corticosterone stress response between sexes, potentially reflecting conflicting ecological demands. In females, a strong acute corticosterone response may represent high stress- and risk-sensitivity that facilitates escape and thus helps to protect reproduction. In males, suppression during reproductive activity could reflect lowered stress sensitivity to avoid chronically elevated corticosterone levels in times of frequent aggressive and therefore costly inter-male encounters.     

SPF级近交系Wistar大鼠繁殖性能的观察

目的对近交系Wistar大鼠进行繁殖性能的测定。方法选取血缘扩大群共18对,90日龄开始按1♀＊1♂进行交配,统计其生长繁殖性能。结果第二、三、四胎的平均窝产仔数和断奶窝重比第一和第五胎高。第一胎仔鼠从出生第3天到第7天（增重9．42g）、第14天到第21天（13．98g）快速生长。母鼠怀孕期、哺乳期体重、饲料和水的日消耗量有明显的差异,母鼠哺乳期饲料和水的日消耗量均比怀孕期高,母鼠怀孕期体重明显比哺乳期重,母鼠怀孕期体重后期比初期增加150g左右,曲线呈上升趋势。结论本群Wistar近交系大鼠的生长繁殖符合近交系大鼠的生长繁殖规律。     

棉铃虫核多角体病毒在中肠及其它组织中增殖过程的电镜观察

应用电子显微镜技术观察了核多角体病毒在棉铃虫体内的增殖方式。在中肠细胞内增殖的核衣壳极少被囊膜包围,也很少形成多角体。它们能大量地释放到体腔,迅速感染其他敏感组织。在其他敏感组织内增殖的核衣壳大部分被囊膜包围形成病毒粒子,且随机包涵在多角体中形成核多角体。     

饰纹姬蛙的人工驯养与繁殖

2015年7月—2017年5月,对饰纹姬蛙Microhyla fissipes的人工驯养体系(饲养环境和饵料选择等)和繁殖(繁殖行为和人工催产等)开展了相关研究。观察发现,饰纹姬蛙繁殖期为3—10月,其中,5—8月为繁殖高峰期;同一对亲本每年可繁殖5次,2次繁殖间隔时间最短为16 d;卵团含卵量为15~1 100枚(310枚±203枚,n=98),与雌性亲本的体质量显著正相关(R~2=0.44,P0.001,n=76)。在人工驯养过程中初步建立了良好的饲养管理体系,其中饵料体系是"熟蛋黄-螺旋藻粉(饲喂蝌蚪)-跳虫(饲喂刚变态的幼蛙)-残翅果蝇(饲喂亚成体和成体蛙)",同时获得了饰纹姬蛙人工催产的最佳实验条件。该成果不仅可为饰纹姬蛙的研究工作提供适宜的实验材料,促进该物种的模式化进程,也可为无尾两栖动物的实验室驯化提供参考。