巨蚊属一新种的记述

我们在1974、1978两年于吉林省安图县二道白河黄松浦及和平林区,从杨树(Populus sp.)、桦树(Betula sp.)和色树(Acer sp.)等树洞积水中采获巨蚊幼虫10只、蛹2只,经饲养羽化出9只雌蚊和1只雄蚊。对成虫、幼虫和蛹的研究发现,它们与阿穆尔巨蚊Toxorhynchites christophi(Portschinsky),1884和十和田巨蚊Toxorhynchites towadensis(Matsumura),1916有近缘关系,在形态上很相似,但也有明显差别,乃定为新种。因采自长白山,故名为长白巨蚊Toxorhynchites changbaiensis。     

紫茎甲的初步观察

1979年9月下旬,中国科学院动物研究所虞佩玉同志在江西龙南县九连山的老虎豆粗蔓中,采到一批紫茎甲Sagra femorata purpurea Lichtenstein幼虫,这是我国首次获得的本种幼虫标本。5日后作者等亦到该地采集了大批幼虫,带回南昌观察,于次年5月下旬羽出成虫,但因本地不种植老虎豆,未继续饲养。1981年2月4日,作者等又在广东梅县的葛藤Pueria thomsonii Benth.中采获本种幼虫多头,由于葛藤在南昌附近较为普遍,本种成虫标本南昌郊区亦常采到,因于学校附近山地仔细搜查,终于采到     

蛛形杵蚊越冬生态观察

1989年冬至1990年春在四川宜宾作了蛛形杵蚊Tripteriodes aranoides(Theobald,1901)越冬观察。1方法成虫:选择有蛛形杵蚊分布的江北竹林为观察点,于11月至翌年4月各月捕捉40至60处越冬场所的成蚊毒杀分类鉴定,并根据в.н.веклешишева(1949)的方法观察脂肪体,每次均测记温、湿度。幼虫(蛹):各月采集1至2次竹筒(宜宾仅竹筒孳生)中的蚊幼虫置室内饲养,逐日记录水温,待羽化成虫作分类鉴定。卵:在采集幼虫的同时采集沉积物及润泥装入碗内,加水置室内观察有无该蚊幼虫孵出。幼虫耐寒试验:于元月30日将部分Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ龄幼虫移入0—4℃…     

金针虫常见属的鉴别及有关问题

<正> 我国对叩甲科(Elateridae)的分类工作不多,对其幼虫金针虫的鉴别研究更少。对出现的成虫的鉴别及其数量估计虽可大致反映为害种的情况,但与当地为害的幼虫种类未必总能准确对号。例如某地沟金针虫为害严重,但采到该成虫的机会和数量不一定很多;诱虫灯     

人工释放异色瓢虫防治黄瓜蚜虫的初步研究

本试验是1960—1962年分别在吉林省四平农校及怀德县的工作结果。早春在杨树、铁叶子、车前子、杏树、梨树、海棠、白菜、豌豆、红花及小麦等十余种有蚜虫的植物上,均可采到越冬后的异色瓢虫Leis axyridis(Pallas)。我们收集异色瓢虫释放到蚜虫为害的黄瓜上,进行防治试验,获得相当成效。兹简报于下。 异色瓢虫在公主岭地区,5月下旬开始出现第一代卵及幼虫,6月上旬出现蛹及成虫。在此时期可以大量收集,充分利用。我们用指形管收集成虫及幼虫,用剪刀采集卵块及蛹,分别放在采集箱的小室中,以免互相残杀。在6月上旬,平均每天每人可采到数百头。采回的瓢虫,进行饥饿处理。在室温下不给任何饲料,成虫经过3—5天,幼虫经过2天,死亡很少。饥饿后     

剪枝橡实象在土中生活阶段的观察方法

<正> 剪枝橡实象Cyllorhynchites ursulus(Roel.)一年一代,以老熟幼虫在土中5—9厘米处越冬。翌年5月中旬开始化蛹,6月中旬出现成虫。8月中旬新一代幼虫老熟,由橡实脱出入土筑土室越冬。此虫在土中生活长达9个月之久。如何观察从老熟幼虫到成虫羽化出土这一生活过程,笔者试验了几种方法,从中摸索到成功的饲养方法,介绍于下。 利用玻璃罩及标本瓶(两种容器长约20厘米,口径8—10厘米)做为养虫容器,将其横放,取橡树林中表层上(注意检查,切勿混入天敌及其他昆虫)放入瓶中,土量占瓶径的一半。展平,并轻轻压实。将从野外采到的剪枝橡实象幼虫,按每瓶10头均匀撒到瓶内土面。瓶口包以     

我国伊蚊属艾蚊亚属和蚊种新纪录

艾蚊亚属(Ayurakitia Thurman,1954)是伊蚊属(Aedes)的一个亚属。最近,作者从滇西的潞西、瑞丽、陇川和盈江的河谷森林(海拔880—1,400米)中的热带植物塔扇树(Pardarus furcatus Roxb.)叶腋积水内采到数批艾蚊亚属的格氏伊蚊Aedes(Ayurakitia)griffithi Thurman,1954。该亚属为我国新记载。格氏伊蚊的主要特征是:成虫中小型淡金色蚊。眼缘具银白鳞饰;雄蚊触须较喙略短;雌蚊触须为喙长的1/6;喙暗色,有金色鳞从腹面基部向中部背面包绕。前胸前背片分离;前胸前、后背片无鳞,仅有几根暗宗;前胸侧板、中胸腹侧板上部和下部后缘及中胸后侧片具…     

李氏领蚊幼虫记述

李氏领蚊(Heizmannia(H.)lii Wu,1936)是我国最早记述的本属蚊种,但其幼虫不详。此后迄今,我国大陆地区也未有其他领蚊幼虫报告或描述。对于李氏领蚊幼虫,直至最近田中等(Tanaka et al.,1979)在他们编写的日本和朝鲜蚊类巨著中,才根据南朝鲜材料作了简略的文字记述。     

阿康恙螨的成虫与孳生地之发现(恙螨科, 蜱螨目)

阿康恙螨属Genus Acomatacarus Ewing,1942自建立以来至1952年(Wharton)共发现了33种(Acomatacarus acomatacarus, s.s.),其中四种是成虫,29种为幼虫。发现的幼虫寄生于各种爬行类、鸟类及哺乳类动物体上,偶亦寄生于人体上。只有阿德阿康恙螨Acomatacarus(A.)adelaideae在澳洲寄生于鼠类体上。     

伊蚊一新种——安图伊蚊的记述

1962年7月25日至8月7日间,我们在吉林省大石头林业局第五林场南沟(属安图县境)采到一批幼虫。经隔离培养获得成蚊。经鉴定它是箭阳蚊亚属(Edwardsaedes)中的一个新种。现描述如下:     

Symbiosis-stimulated chitinase isoenzymes of soybean (Glycine mas (L.) Merr.)

Isoforms of endochitinase in soybean were studied in relation to root symbiosis. Five selected cultivars differing in their nodulation potential were inoculated with two strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum, the broad host-range Rhizobium sp. NGR234, and with the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae. Total chitinase activity in nodules was up to 7-fold higher than in uninoculated roots and in mycorrhizal roots. The chitinase activity in nodules varied depending on the strain-cultivar combination. On semi-native polyacrylamide gels, four acidic isoforms were identified. Two isoforms (CH 2 and CH 4) were constitutively present in al analysed tissues. The other two isoforms (CH 1 and CH 3) were strongly induced in nodules and were simulated in mycorrhizal roots as compared to uninoculated roots. The induction of CH 1 varied in nodules depending on the soybean cultivar. This isoform was also stimulated in uninfected roots when they were treated with tri-iodobenzoic acid, rhizobial lipochitooloigosaccharides (Nod factors) and chitotetraose. CH 3 was not affected by these stimuli indicating that this isoform could represent a marker for enzymes induced in later stages of the symbiotic interactions.Key words: (Brady)rhizobium, chitinase isoenzymes, mycorrhiza, (restricted) nodulation, Nod factors      

Somatic embryogenesis in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.)

Embryonal-suspensor masses from immature embryos from cones of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) proliferated on a modified Murashige & Skoog medium with N⁶-benzyl-aminopurine, kinetin, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and an organic nitrogen source. The slimy white embryonal-suspensor masses with proembryos were maintained on a solid proliferation medium with reduced amounts of growth regulators. Transfer of embryonal-suspensor masses to a non-woven polyester carrier with liquid maturation media containing ±2-cis-4-trans-abscisic acid and a reduced amount of inositol and organic nitrogen resulted in synchronized embryo formation. Further development was achieved on a medium without ±2-cis-4-trans-abscisic acid and organic nitrogen. Somatic embryos were successfully transferred ex vitrum.Abbreviations ABA ±2-cis-4-trans-abscisic acid - BAP N⁶-benzyl-aminopurine - ESM embryonal-suspensor masses - KIN kinetin - 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid     

Root-Tiller Interrelationships in Spring Barley (Hordeum distichum (L.) Lam.)

Root-tiller relations were investigated in spring barley grownin soil in deep pots. The total dry wt of the root system reachedits maximum 6 weeks from sowing, when the shoot weight was only50 per cent of its value at maturity. Seminal and nodal rootscomprised 40 and 60 per cent, respectively, of the total rootdry wt at maturity; the majority of the nodal root weight wasassociated with the main shoot. The main shoot had approximatelytwice as many nodal roots as either of the first two primarytillers (T1 and T2), and the primary and secondary tillers appearinglater were very poorly rooted. Some tillers, especially secondarytillers that died prematurely, produced no nodal roots. Theweight of the seminal roots and nodal roots attached to themain shoot continued to increase up to maturity but the drywt of nodal roots on tillers declined with time. This patternof growth was closely related to the pattern of ¹⁴C assimilateddistribution within the root system. A very small proportionof ¹⁴C assimilated by the main shoot and T1 and T2 was exported.The majority of the exported assimilate went to the seminalroot system and to nodal roots attached to the main shoot. Individualnodal and seminal roots seemed to have different roles in supplyingnutrients to the shoot system, with the former mainly providing³²P-phosphate to its tiller of origin and the latter generallysupplying the main shoot and primary tillers. Hordeum distichum. (L.) Lam., barley, root growth, nodal roots, seminal roots, tillering, assimilate distribution, ³²P-distribution