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1.
Genetic ablations of iron regulatory proteins 1 and 2 reveal why iron regulatory protein 2 dominates iron homeostasis 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
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Meyron-Holtz EG Ghosh MC Iwai K LaVaute T Brazzolotto X Berger UV Land W Ollivierre-Wilson H Grinberg A Love P Rouault TA 《The EMBO journal》2004,23(2):386-395
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铁元素为几乎所有的生命体所必需,维持铁代谢稳态对机体的正常功能至关重要。铁代谢紊乱与人类多种疾病的发生和发展有关。已知铁代谢稳态受到一系列参与铁代谢环节的关键蛋白质,如IRP2等的精确调节。这些重要蛋白质的稳定性、生理活性的动态变化及其协调作用是细胞维持铁代谢平衡的分子基础。除了转录和转录后水平的调控,泛素化等翻译后修饰方式和蛋白质降解是细胞精确调控参与铁代谢的蛋白质的水平及功能普遍而有效的方式之一;同时,细胞的铁代谢状态也影响细胞内参与泛素化等翻译后修饰途径的酶类的活性和稳定性,从而在铁代谢和蛋白质修饰.降解途径之间形成反馈机制,实时和动态地完成对细胞内铁代谢水平的精确调控。就相关领域的最新进展作简要综述。 相似文献
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Lei Yang Ming FanFang Du Qi GongZheng Gang Bi Zhou Jing ZhuLing Ling Zhu Ya Ke 《生物化学与生物物理学报:疾病的分子基础》2012,1822(4):500-508
The mechanisms involved in the neuroprotection induced by hypoxic preconditioning (HP) have not been fully elucidated. The involvement of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) in such neuroprotection has been confirmed. There is also evidence showing that a series of genes with important functions in iron metabolism, including transferrin receptor (TfR1) and divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), are regulated by HIF-1alpha in response to hypoxia in extra-neural organs or cells. We therefore hypothesized that HP is able to affect the expression of iron metabolism proteins in the brain and that changes in these proteins induced by HP might be associated with the HP-induced neuroprotection. We herein demonstrated for the first time that HP could induce a significant increase in the expression of HIF-1alpha as well as iron uptake (TfR1 and DMT1) and release (ferroportin1) proteins, and thus increase tansferrin-bound iron (Tf-Fe) and non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) uptake and iron release in astrocytes. Moreover, HP could lead to a progressive increase in cellular iron content. We concluded that HP has the ability to increase iron transport speed in astrocytes. Based on our findings and the importance of astrocytes in neuronal survival in hypoxic/ischemic preconditioning, we proposed that the increase in iron transport rate and cellular iron in astocytes might be one of the mechanisms associated with the HP-induced neuroprotection. We also demonstrated that ferroportin1 expression was significantly affected by HIF-1alpha in astrocytes, implying that the gene encoding this iron efflux protein might be a hypoxia-inducible one. 相似文献
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The roles of iron in health and disease 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Iron is vital for almost all living organisms by participating in a wide variety of metabolic processes, including oxygen transport, DNA synthesis, and electron transport. However, iron concentrations in body tissues must be tightly regulated because excessive iron leads to tissue damage, as a result of formation of free radicals. Disorders of iron metabolism are among the most common diseases of humans and encompass a broad spectrum of diseases with diverse clinical manifestations, ranging from anemia to iron overload and, possibly, to neurodegenerative diseases. The molecular understanding of iron regulation in the body is critical in identifying the underlying causes for each disease and in providing proper diagnosis and treatments. Recent advances in genetics, molecular biology and biochemistry of iron metabolism have assisted in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of iron homeostasis. The coordinate control of iron uptake and storage is tightly regulated by the feedback system of iron responsive element-containing gene products and iron regulatory proteins that modulate the expression levels of the genes involved in iron metabolism. Recent identification and characterization of the hemochromatosis protein HFE, the iron importer Nramp2, the iron exporter ferroportin1, and the second transferrin-binding and -transport protein transferrin receptor 2, have demonstrated their important roles in maintaining body's iron homeostasis. Functional studies of these gene products have expanded our knowledge at the molecular level about the pathways of iron metabolism and have provided valuable insight into the defects of iron metabolism disorders. In addition, a variety of animal models have implemented the identification of many genetic defects that lead to abnormal iron homeostasis and have provided crucial clinical information about the pathophysiology of iron disorders. In this review, we discuss the latest progress in studies of iron metabolism and our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of iron absorption, transport, utilization, and storage. Finally, we will discuss the clinical presentations of iron metabolism disorders, including secondary iron disorders that are either associated with or the result of abnormal iron accumulation. 相似文献
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膜铁转运蛋白1,铁调素的靶分子? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
膜铁转运蛋白1是重要的跨膜铁输出分子,主要分布于十二指肠和单核巨噬系统的细胞膜上,参与机体的肠铁吸收和巨噬细胞对铁的再循环等过程。铁调素是调节机体铁代谢平衡的激素,机体通过肝脏分泌的铁调素对铁转运相关蛋白的表达进行调控,从而实现机体自身的铁稳态。最新研究显示,铁调素的靶分子可能是膜铁转运蛋白1,它通过直接的作用引起膜铁转运蛋白1的内化(internalization)、降解,从而调节其在细胞膜上的表达量,进而控制肠铁吸收和巨噬细胞对铁的再循环过程,以维持机体的铁稳态。 相似文献
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氧和铁这两种元素对生命活动十分重要. 低氧诱导因子(hypoxia-inducible factors, HIFs)作为转录因子,参与一系列靶基因的表达调控以适应低氧. 铁参与 DNA合成、氧气运输、代谢反应等多种细胞活动,过量游离铁会通过Haber-Weiss或 Fenton反应产生毒性自由基. 细胞通过与铁吸收、存储和利用有关的多种铁代谢相 关蛋白之间的协同作用来维持铁稳态. 与铁稳态相关的一些基因是HIFs的靶基因或 者间接受低氧调控,包括转铁蛋白、转铁蛋白受体、二价金属转运体1、铁调素、膜 铁转运蛋白、血浆铜蓝蛋白、铁蛋白等,而胞内铁浓度的改变能影响HIFs的表达. 本文就低氧与铁代谢相关蛋白的关系,尤其是低氧对铁代谢相关蛋白的调节作一综 述. 相似文献
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Yánez AJ Nualart F Droppelmann C Bertinat R Brito M Concha II Slebe JC 《Journal of cellular physiology》2003,197(2):189-197
The importance of renal and hepatic gluconeogenesis in glucose homeostasis is well established, but the cellular localization of the key gluconeogenic enzymes liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in these organs and the potential contribution of other tissues in this process has not been investigated in detail. Therefore, we analyzed the human tissue localization and cellular distribution of FBPase and PEPCK immunohistochemically. The localization analysis demonstrated that FBPase was expressed in many tissues that had not been previously reported to contain FBPase activity (e.g., prostate, ovary, suprarenal cortex, stomach, and heart). In some multicellular tissues, this enzyme was detected in specialized areas such as epithelial cells of the small intestine and prostate or lung pneumocytes II. Interestingly, FBPase was also present in pancreas and cortex cells of the adrenal gland, organs that are involved in the control of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Although similar results were obtained for PEPCK localization, different expression of this enzyme was observed in pancreas, adrenal gland, and pneumocytes type I. These results show that co-expression of FBPase and PEPCK occurs not only in kidney and liver, but also in a variety of organs such as the small intestine, stomach, adrenal gland, testis, and prostate which might also contribute to gluconeogenesis. Our results are consistent with published data on the expression of glucose-6-phosphatase in the human small intestine, providing evidence that this organ may play an important role in the human glucose homeostasis. 相似文献
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最近的研究证实,肾小管细胞具有能力表达包括转铁蛋白受体1(transferrin receptor-1,TfR1)、二价金属离子转运蛋白1(divalent metal transporter-1,DMT1)、膜铁转运蛋白1(ferroportin-1,FPN1)、铁调节蛋白(iron regulatory protein,IRP)和铁调素(hepcidin,Hepc)在内的几乎所有铁代谢蛋白.这些蛋白质的存在以及相关研究显示肾脏可能具有排出多余铁的功能,因此对体铁平衡起有十分重要的作用. 相似文献
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Kong W Swain GP Li S Diamond RH 《American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology》2000,279(3):G613-G621
The mechanisms controlling tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins are important in the regulation of many cellular processes, including development and differentiation. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) may be as important as protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) in these processes. PRL-1 is a distinct PTPase originally identified as an immediate-early gene in liver regeneration whose expression is associated with growth in some tissues but with differentiation in others. We now demonstrate that the PRL-1 protein is expressed during development in a number of digestive epithelial tissues. It is expressed at variable time points in the developing intestine, but its expression is limited to the developing villus enterocytes. In the gastric epithelium, PRL-1 expression in the adult is restricted to zymogen cells. PRL-1 is also expressed in the developing liver and esophagus and in the epithelia of the kidney and lung. In each of these contexts, the expression of PRL-1 is associated with terminal differentiation, suggesting that it may play a role in this important developmental process. 相似文献
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Summary The purpose of this review is to summarize recent progress in understanding interactions of spectrin with membranes from brain and other tissues. Spectrin has at least two choices in linkages with the membrane, one through ankyrin, which in turn is associated with integral membrane proteins, and another linkage directly with integral membrane sites identified recently in brain membranes. Some of the integral membrane protein sites in brain bind preferentially with one spectrin isoform, while some can interact with both erythroid and the general isoform of spectrin. Ankyrin also has different isoforms, and these exhibit specificity in binding to spectrin isoforms and associate with distinct integral membrane proteins. The membrane binding sites for ankyrin include several integral membrane proteins, which are differentially expressed in different cells: the anion exchanger of intercalated cells of mammalian kidney, the sodium/potassium ATPase of kidney, and the voltage-dependent sodium channel of neurons. Ankyrin is present in many other cell types and it is likely that additional ankyrin-binding proteins will be identified. Each of the proteins that now are candidates for ankyrin binding proteins are ion channels or transporters and are localized in specialized cellular domains. The polarized localization of the ankyrin-associated membrane proteins is an essential aspect of their function at a physiological level. Spectrin and ankyrin thus exhibit an unsuspected diversity in protein linkages and have the potential for cell domain-specific interactions with a variety of membrane proteins. 相似文献
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S100 proteins and their influence on pro-survival pathways in cancer. 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
The S100 gene family is composed of at least 20 members that share a common structure defined in part by the Ca2+ binding EF-hand motif. These genes which are expressed in a discriminate fashion in specific cells and tissues, have been described to have either an intracellular or extracellular function, or both. S100 proteins are implicated in the immune response, differentiation, cytoskeleton dynamics, enzyme activity, Ca2+ homeostasis and growth. A potential role for S100 proteins in neoplasia stems from these activities and from the observation that several S100 proteins have altered levels of expression in different stages and types of cancer. While the precise role and importance of S100 proteins in the development and promotion of cancer is poorly understood, it appears that the binding of Ca2+ is essential for exposing amino acid residues that are important in forming protein-protein interactions with effector molecules. The identity of some of these effector molecules has also now begun to emerge, and with this the elucidation of the signaling pathways that are modulated by these proteins. Some of these interactions are consistent with the diverse functions noted above. Others suggest that, many S100s may also promote cancer progression through specific roles in cell survival and apoptosis pathways. This review summarizes these findings and their implications. 相似文献
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Vargas JD Herpers B McKie AT Gledhill S McDonnell J van den Heuvel M Davies KE Ponting CP 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》2003,1651(1-2):116-123
Iron has a variety of functions in cellular organisms ranging from electron transport and DNA synthesis to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and neurotransmitter synthesis. Failure to regulate the homeostasis of iron can lead to cognition and demyelination disorders when iron levels are deficient, and to neurodegenerative disorders when iron is in excess. In this study we show that three members of the b561 family of predicted ferric reductases, namely mouse cytochrome b561 and mouse and fly stromal cell-derived receptor 2 (SDR2), have ferric reductase activity. Given that a fourth member, duodenal cytochrome b (Dcytb), has previously been shown to be a ferric reductase, it is likely that all remaining members of this family also exhibit this activity. Furthermore, we show that the rat sdr2 message is predominantly expressed in the liver and kidney, with low expression in the duodenum. In hypotransferrinaemic (hpx) mice, sdr2 expression in the liver and kidney is reduced, suggesting that it may be regulated by iron. Moreover, we demonstrate the presence of mouse sdr2 in the choroid plexus and in the ependymal cells lining the four ventricles, through in situ hybridization analysis. 相似文献
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Iron is vital for almost all organisms because of its ability to donate and accept electrons with relative ease. It serves as a cofactor for many proteins and enzymes necessary for oxygen and energy metabolism, as well as for several other essential processes. Mammalian cells utilize multiple mechanisms to acquire iron. Disruption of iron homeostasis is associated with various human diseases: iron deficiency resulting from defects in the acquisition or distribution of the metal causes anemia, whereas iron surfeit resulting from excessive iron absorption or defective utilization causes abnormal tissue iron deposition, leading to oxidative damage. Mammals utilize distinct mechanisms to regulate iron homeostasis at the systemic and cellular levels. These involve the hormone hepcidin and iron regulatory proteins, which collectively ensure iron balance. This review outlines recent advances in iron regulatory pathways as well as in mechanisms underlying intracellular iron trafficking, an important but less studied area of mammalian iron homeostasis. 相似文献
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小分子核糖核酸(microRNA)是一类约20个核苷酸单链,在转录后水平调节基因的表达。microRNA广泛分布于人体各个组织器官内,但同时也有显著的组织特异性,不同的组织器官中miRNA的表达强度有显著差异,某些microRNAs在肾脏组织中呈特异性的高表达。肾间质纤维化是各种慢性肾脏病进展至终末期,最终导致器官功能丢失的共同的病理过程和特征。通过多年累积的研究表明,一些特定的microRNAs与肾间质纤维化的进程密切相关,在这个过程中体现出极其复杂的调控机制,发挥多方面的作用。近年来,随着对microRNA的研究进一步深入,本文就microRNAs在肾间质纤维化进程中的表达特点、作用靶点及相关调控机制的研究进展进行如下综述。 相似文献
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小分子核糖核酸(microRNA)是一类约20个核苷酸单链,在转录后水平调节基因的表达。microRNA广泛分布于人体各个组织器官内,但同时也有显著的组织特异性,不同的组织器官中miRNA的表达强度有显著差异,某些microRNAs在肾脏组织中呈特异性的高表达。肾间质纤维化是各种慢性肾脏病进展至终末期,最终导致器官功能丢失的共同的病理过程和特征。通过多年累积的研究表明,一些特定的microRNAs与肾间质纤维化的进程密切相关,在这个过程中体现出极其复杂的调控机制,发挥多方面的作用。近年来,随着对microRNA的研究进一步深入,本文就microRNAs在肾间质纤维化进程中的表达特点、作用靶点及相关调控机制的研究进展进行如下综述。 相似文献
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The BolA-like protein is present in all eukaryotes, and it is able to form complex with monothiol glutaredoxin of the same subcellular compartments, suggesting that the BolA-like protein has essential function in eukaryotes, and that the function is associated with its partner glutaredoxin. Some studies have indicated a role for BolA proteins in Fe-S cluster synthesis or in redox homeostasis. However, the physiological function of BolA proteins remains to be elucidated. Here, we report the characterization of an insertion mutant of BolA3 in Arabidopsis. Among the four AtBolA proteins found in Arabidopsis, the AtBolA3 was the only BolA located in the cytosol of plant cells. It was highly expressed in roots. AtBolA3 was able to interact with the cytosolic monothiol glutaredoxin, AtGRXS17. The bola3 mutant did not show any notable phenotype under normal growth condition, but rather grew better than wild type under some stresses. The bola3 mutant was more tolerant to excess iron and the MV-induced oxidative stress than wild type. It displayed no necrosis in leaves, developed longer roots, accumulated more iron and higher Fe-S protein activities in roots. In addition, the mutant possessed a more potent antioxidant defense to scavenge ROS species. Taken together, our data indicated that the cytosolic AtBolA3 has a suppressive role in the tolerance to excess iron and the MV-induced oxidative stress in plants. AtBolA3 seems to be a repressor under some stress conditions. 相似文献
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New developments in the field of cystic kidney diseases 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Witzgall R 《Current molecular medicine》2005,5(5):455-465
For quite some time the field of polycystic kidney disease has led a life at the fringe of kidney research, but with the cloning of the PKD1 and many other genes this situation has dramatically changed. Polycystic kidney disease often is a syndromic disease affecting a variety of organs in addition to the kidney. Most of the proteins involved in polycystic kidney disease have been localized to the primary cilium, an extension at the apical membrane of renal tubular epithelial cells, which may serve chemo- and mechanosensory functions. It is speculated that primary cilia and their associated proteins play a role in determining the proper tubular geometry. 相似文献