Two hybrids ofThymus hyemalis Lange (Labiatae) from Southeastern Spain

Two new hybrids in the genusThymus, Th. × indalicus Blanca et al., nothosp. nov. [=Th. baeticus Boiss. exLacaita ×Th. hyemalis Lange subsp.hyemalis] andTh. × enicensis Blanca et al., nothosp. nov. [=Th. hyemalis Lange subsp.hyemalis × Th. zygis Loefl. ex L. subsp.gracilis (Boiss.)R. Morales] are described. Until now no hybrids ofTh. hyemalis have been described, due to its early period of flowering and because it hybridizes with closely related species, making rather difficult the detection of such hybrids.     

LignicolousHyphomycetes from Czechoslovakia 6.Spadicoides andDiplococcium

Seventeen species belonging toSpadicoides Hughes andDiplococcium Grove collected in Central Europe mostly in Czechoslovakia are described and illustrated. Two new species are described inSpadicoides—S. carpatica Hol.-Jech.,S. penatium Hol.-Jech. and three new species inDiplococcium—D. bicolor Hol.-Jech.,D. insolitum Hol.-Jech. andD. parcum,Hol.-Jech.     

New and critical species ofVicia in Iran and neighbouring countries 1. TheVicia variegata group

In Iran and the neighbouring regions of Turkey, Iraq, U.S.S.R. and Afghanistan, eight already known species belonging to the subsectionVariegatae Radzhi, occur:V. persica Boiss.,V. armena Boiss.,V. variegata Willd.,V. akhmaganica Kazar.,V. gregaria Boiss. etHeldr.,V. aucheri Jaub. etSpach and the two new species described here,V. rechingeri Chrtková-?ertová andV. afghanica Chrtková-?ertová. The occurrence of most species is restricted to a limited area which may be one of the evolutionary centres of this subsection.     

Notes on some African hepatic genera 1–5

The present study deals with five genera of hepatics in Africa, Isotachis Mitt., Anastrophyllum (Spruce) Steph., Tritomaria Schiffn. ex Loeske, Gymnocoleopsis (Schust.) Schust. and Lophozia (Dum.) Dum. All African populations of the genus Isotachis Mitt. are considered to be one species, I. aubertii (Schwaegr.) Mitt. Four species of Anastrophyllum (Spruce) Steph. (s.l.), A. auritum (Lehm.) Steph., A. piligerum (Nees) Spruce, A. subcomplicatum (Lehm. et Lindenb.) Steph. and A. minutum (Schreb.) Schust., and two species of Tritomaria Schiffn. et Loeske, T. camerunensis S. Arnell and T. exsecta (Schrad.) Schiffn. ex Loeske occur in Africa. Gymmocoleopsis multiflora (Steph.) Schust. represents a genus and species hitherto unreported for the African flora. Finally, five Lophozia (Dum.) Dum. species, L. argentina (Steph.) Schust., L. capensis S. Arnell, L. decolorans (Limpr.) Steph., L. hedbergii S. Arnell and L. tristaniana (S. Arnell) Váňa, are reported from central and southern Africa; two of these (L. argentina (Steph.) Schust. and L. decolorans (Limpr.) Steph.) represent the first reports from Africa.     

LignicolousHyphomycetes from Czechoslovakia 8.Endophragmiella andPhragmocephala

Thirteen species and one variety ofEndophragmiella Sutton and three species ofPhragmocephala Mason etHughes collected by the author in Czechoslovakia, and occasionally in other regions of Europe are described and illustrated. Four new species and one new variety are described inEndophragmiella—E. aseptata Hol.-Jech.,E. fatrensis Holt.-Jech.,E. ramificata Hol.-Jech.,E. similis Hol.-Jech. andE. uniseptata (Ellis) Hughes var.pusilla Hol.-Jech..     

A revision ofTaraxacum sect.Piesis (Compositae)

On the basis of allozyme and cultivation data, and of additional herbarium material, a taxonomic and nomenclatural revision ofTaraxacum sect.Piesis A.J. Richards exKirschner et?těpánek is provided. The section is made up of halophilous, sexually reproducing taxa. InT. stenocephalum Boiss. etKotschy,T. pindicum Kirschner et?těpánek, sp. nov., andT. perenne Kirschner et?těpánek, sp. nov., a tetraploid chromosome number has been recorded, representing the only known case of sexuality at the tetraploid level in the genus. The complex ofT. stenocephalum, includes some geographically and morphologically extreme populations treated as subspecies: subsp.gumusanicum (Soest)Kirschner et?těpánek, comb. nov., subsp.magnum Kirschner et?těpánek, subsp. nov., and subsp.daralagesicum (Schischk.)Kirschner et?těpánek, comb. nov. In addition toT. bessarabicum (Hornem.)Hand.-Mazz., a widely distributed Eurasian species,T. stenocephalum, a complex centred in Transcaucasia and Anatolia, andT. pachypodum H. Lindb., a North African endemic, four new species are described:T. salsum Kirschner et?těpánek, sp. nov., a diploid endemic confined to E Crimea,T. perenne Kirschner et?těpánek, sp. nov., a tetraploid sexual species known only from SW Crimea,T. pindicum Kirschner et?těpánek, sp. nov., a remarkable tetraploid endemic to the Pindos Mts., Greece, andT. salsitatis Kirschner, ?těpänek etYirdirimli, sp. nov., an Anatolian diploid species. Furthermore, a hybrid betweenT. salsum andT. bessarabicum from Crimea (documented on the basis of allozyme data elsewhere) is given a binomial,T. xmesohalobium Kirschner et?těpánek, nothosp. nov.     

The stuttgart collection of oligocene primates from the fayum province of Egypt

In 1907, R. Markgraf made a small collection of Oligocene fossil primates from Egypt for the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde in Stuttgart. Circumstances of discovery suggest that this collection came from the same stratigraphic horizon (the Upper Fossil Wood zone) and possibly the same locality as a similar collection made earlier that year byMarkgraf for the American Museum of Natural History in New York. Three new genera and species were described bySchlosser, based on the Stuttgart collection.Parapithecus fraasi Schlosser is a junior synonym ofApidium phiomense Osborn. “Parapithecus“grangeri Simons is placed in the new genusSimonsius. Propliopithecus haeckeli Schlosser andMoeripithecus markgrafi Schlosser have previously been recognized as synonyms. In addition,Aegyptopithecus zeuxis Simons is known from the Upper Fossil Wood zone.     

LignicolousHyphomycetes from Czechoslovakia 2.Bactrodesmium

Six species of the genusBactrodesmium M. C. Cooke are described in this paper from Czechoslovakia:B. betulicola M.B. Ellis,B. obovatum (Oudemans) M.B. Ellis,B. spilomeum (Berk. etBr.)Mason etHughes including three new speciesB. globosum Hol.-Jech.,B. pyriforme Hol.-Jech. andB. submoniliforme Hol.-Jech.     

LignicolousHyphomycetes from Czechoslovakia 1.Brachysporium

Four species of the genusBrachysporium Sacc. emend.Mason etHughes are treated in this paper from Czechoslovakia:B. nigrum (Link)Hughes,B. obovatum (Berk.)Sacc. and two new species,B. abietinum Hol.-Jech. andB. brevius Hol.-Jech.     

Einige nicht-foliicole Arten der FamilieEctolechiaceae (Lichenes) aus Brasilien

Here 13 species of the nonfoliicolous species of the lichen familyEctolechiaceae Zahlbr. em.Haf. are reported, which were found in a collection from Brazil. Six species are described as new:Badimia corticola (sp.n.),Calopadia isidiosa (sp.n.),C. psoromoides (sp.n.),C. subfusca (sp.n.),Tapellaria corticola (sp.n.), andT. schindleri (sp.n.). Seven species have been identified with earlier described species:Calopadia chacoënsis (Malme) comb. n. (=Lopadium chacoënse Malme),C. foliicola (Fée) Vězda,C. fusca (Müll. Arg.) Vězda,C. lecanorella (Nyl.) comb. n.,C. perpallida (Nyl.) Věda,C. phyllogena (Müll. Arg.) Vězda, andTapellaria epiphylla (Müll. Arg.) Sant. A key and illustrations for all studied species are provided, and the nomenclatural problem of the correct generic name of thePyrenotrichum Mont. (anamorph) forCalopadia Vězda orTapellaria Sant. (teleomorphs) are discussed.     

LignicolousHyphomycetes from Czechoslovakia 5.Septonema,Hormiactella andLylea

Three genera of lignicolousHyphomycetes Septonema Corda,Hormiactella Saac. andLylea Morgan-Jones are discussed. Illustrations and determination keys are provided. Five species ofSeptonema—S. fasciculare (Corda) Hughes,S. leptaleum (Ellis & Harkn.) Hughes,S. pinicola Hol.-Jech.,S. secedens Corda andS. laricium Hol.-Jech.—and two species ofHormiactella—H. fusca (Preuss) Sacc. andH. asetosa Hol.-Jech.—have been found in Czechoslovakia. A new speciesS. pseudobinum Hol.-Jech. is described from Romania.Septonema tetracoilum (Corda Hughes is accommodated in the genusLylea Morgan-Jones.     

Erwägungen über die Taxonomie und Nomenklatur der GattungActinotaenium Teil

In der botanischen Literatur werden oft neue Kombinationen und neue Namen ungültig publiziert, weil die Vorschriften des Art. 33 d. Int. Codes nicht eingehalten werden. Die Verfasser verfolgen diese Frage bei der GattungActinotaenium Teiling 1954 (Fam.Desmidiaceae, KlasseConjugatophyceae der Grünalgen), weisen auf die Unklarheiten und Unrichtigkeiton in ihrer Systematik hin und sind bestrebt, diese zu verbessern, soweit es bei heutigem Zustand der Kenntnisse möglich ist. Im Artikel ist ein neues TaxonActinotaenium messikommeri R??i?ka etPouzar beschrieben und folgende neue Kombinationen veröffentlicht;Actinotaenium adelochondrum var.kriegeri (Messik.) R??i?ka, A.angulatum (W. etG. S. West)R??i?ka etPouzar,A. angulatum var.brasiliense (Grönblad) R??i?ka etPouzar,A. cordanum (Bréb.) R??i?ka etPouzar,A. gelidum (Wittr.) R??i?ka,A. heterotaphridium (W. etG. S. West)R??i?ka etPouzar undA. hibernicum (W. West) R??i?ka.     

New fig insects [Hym.: Chalcidoidea] from India: Three torymids parasitic on agaonids

Two new species of fig wasps (Sycoscapter punctatus Abdurahiman & Joseph andSycobiella amplissima Abdurahiman & Joseph) parasitic onManiella delhiensis Abdurahiman & Joseph fromFicus amplissima Smith, and the female of a known species (Philotrypesis anguliceps Westwood) parasitic onBlastophaga quadraticeps Mayr fromFicus religiosa L. are described.     

Taxonomic status of the belemnite genusBelemnopsis Bayle 1878

The Tethyan genus “Belemnopsis” of authors, notBayle 1878, includes 110–120 Bajocian to Hauterivian belemnite species and subspecies from Europe and the southern hemisphere. Its type species,Belemnites sulcatus Miller 1826 from the Callovian to Oxfordian of England, belongs to the Boreal belemnite genusLagonibelus Gustomesov 1956, since Phillips selected a lectotype for it in 1870. But the subsequent designation of the type species byDouvillé in 1879 is invalid according to Art. 67 (h) ICZN, and consequentlyBelemnopsis Bayle gets a nomen dubium. It is also a homonym ofBelemnopsis Edwards inGray 1849, and has, therefore, to be replaced byPachybelemnopsis Riegraf 1980, a junior subjective synonym, the family Belemnopseidae Naef 1922 by MesohibolitidaeNerodenko 1983, and the suborder BelemnopseinaJeletzky 1965 by PachybelemnopseinaRiegraf inRiegraf et al. 1998.