Roseovarius litoreus sp. nov., isolated from seawater of southern coast of Korean peninsula

A gram-negative, non-flagellated and ovoid- to rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated GSW-M15^T, was isolated from seawater on the southern coast of South Korea. Strain GSW-M15^T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–7.5 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain GSW-M15^T belonged to the genus Roseovarius. Strain GSW-M15^T exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values (98.3 and 97.5 %) to Roseovarius halotolerans HJ50^T and Roseovarius pacificus 81-2^T and 92.8-96.2 % sequence similarity values to the type strains of the other Roseovarius species. Strain GSW-M15^T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C_18:1 ω7c and 11-methyl-C_18:1 ω7c as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain GSW-M15^T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain GSW-M15^T was 62.9 mol% and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness values with R. halotolerans KCTC 22224^T and R. pacificus LMG 24575^T were 33 and 18 %, respectively. Differential phenotypic properties of strain GSW-M15^T, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that this strain is distinguishable from other Roseovarius species. On the basis of the data presented here, strain GSW-M15^T (=KCTC 23897^T = CCUG 62218^T) represents a novel species of the genus Roseovarius, for which the name Roseovarius litoreus sp. nov. is proposed.     

Flavobacterium frigidimaris sp. nov., isolated from Antarctic seawater

We described the polyphasic characterization of the psychrotolerant isolated from Antarctic seawater. The strain was closely related to Flavobacterium hydatis, F. pectinovorum, and F. saccharophilum on the basis of the 16S rDNA sequence analysis. However, DNA–DNA hybridization experiments showed that the DNA-similarities between strain KUC-1^T and the reference strains of Flavobacterium were less than 30%. Therefore, we can definite a new species of Flavobacterium phylogenetically, and strain KUC-1^T can be considered to be a new species of Flavobacterium. i.e. F. frigidimaris (KUC-1^T: JCM 12218^T and DSM 15937^T; mol% G+C of DNA of the type strain is 34.5 mol%). Useful phenotypical features for discrimination of F. frigidimaris from other Flavobacterium species, such as a resistance to NaCl, optimum growth temperature, and cellular fatty acid composition, were also determined.     

Cysteiniphilum marinum sp. nov., isolated from coastal seawater

Six aerobic Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from seawater in Guangdong Province, P.R. China. Cells were observed to be Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile and non-spore forming. Growth of the designated type strain 19X3-30^T occurred at a temperature range of 14–37 °C (optimum, 28 °C), a pH range of 6.0–8.0 (optimum, pH 7) and up to 7.5% NaCl (optimum, 1.5%; w/v), and was enhanced by CO₂ and L-cysteine supplementation. The major polar lipids identified in strain 19X3-30^T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The principal cellular fatty acids profile showed the presence of anteiso-C_15:0, anteiso-C_17:0 and C_18:0 (>?8% of total fatty acids), and the respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 8 (UQ-8). According to the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, these strains represented a novel species within the family Fastidiosibacteraceae, sharing maximum similarities with Cysteiniphilum litorale DSM 101832^T (96.6%) and Cysteiniphilum halobium DSM 103992^T (95.3%). Phylogenetic dendrograms based on 16S rRNA gene and protein marker genes from the genomic sequences both indicated that the strains formed a monophyletic lineage closely linked to the genus Cysteiniphilum, which was also supported by the UPGMA dendrogram based on the MALDI-TOF MS profile. The genomic DNA G?+?C contents of six strains ranged from 38.0% to 38.1%. Based on different taxonomic genomic metrics, phylogeny and phenotypic features, we propose that the strains warrant the assignment to a novel species, for which the name Cysteiniphilum marinum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 19X3-30^T (=?KCTC 82154^T?=?CGMCC 1.18585^T).

     

Roseovarius albus sp. nov., a new Alphaproteobacterium isolated from the Mediterranean Sea

Strain 4SM10^T, an aerobic marine, Gram-negative, heterotrophic and non pigmented bacterium isolated from seawater from Vinaroz in Castellón, Spain, was characterized using a polyphasic approach. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the strain within the Roseobacter clade in the family Rhodobacteraceae. Phylogenetic analyses also showed that strain 4SM10^T forms a stable clade with species of the genus Roseovarius, being related to Roseovarius nubinhibens ISM^T and Roseovarius aestuarii SMK-122^T at 97.5 and 97.4 % 16S rRNA sequence similarity, respectively. Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) values, determined as a measure of overall genomic resemblance, confirmed that strain 4SM10^T does not belong to the same species as R. aestuarii CECT 7745^T and Roseovarius nubinhibens CECT 7750^T displaying ANI values well below the 95 % boundary for genomic species. Strain 4SM10^T requires Na⁺ plus a divalent cation (either Mg²⁺ or Ca²⁺) to grow, reduces nitrate to nitrite and uses a large number of amino acids and organic acids (but no carbohydrates) as sole carbon sources. Enzymatic activities displayed in API ZYM tests are alkaline phosphatase, leucine arylamidase and acid phosphatase. The major cellular fatty acids were identified as C_18:1 ω7c and/or C_18:1 ω6c (67.1 %). The DNA G+C content was determined to be 54.27 mol%. Based on the genotypic and phenotypic data obtained, the name Roseovarius albus sp. nov. is proposed for this novel taxon, with the type strain 4SM10^T (=CECT 7450^T = KCTC 22653^T).     

Roseovarius gaetbuli sp. nov., a novel alphaproteobacterium isolated from a tidal flat sediment

A Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile and ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated YM-20^T, was isolated from a tidal flat of the Yellow Sea in South Korea. Strain YM-20^T was found to grow optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0–3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YM-20^T clustered consistently with the type strains of ‘Roseovarius marisflavi’ and Roseovarius lutimaris, with which it exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99.86 and 98.71 %, respectively. Strain YM-20^T was found to contain Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C_18:1 ω7c as the predominant fatty acid. The major polar lipids of strain YM-20^T were identified as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain YM-20^T was determined to be 60.9 mol% and its DNA–DNA relatedness values with the type strains of ‘R. marisflavi’, R. lutimaris and Pelagicola litorisediminis were 53 ± 7.1, 22 ± 5.5 and 13 ± 4.7  %, respectively. The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain YM-20^T is separated from ‘R. marisflavi’, R. lutimaris, the other Roseovarius species and P. litorisediminis. On the basis of the data presented, strain YM-20^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Roseovarius, for which the name Roseovarius gaetbuli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YM-20^T (= KCTC 32428^T = CECT 8370^T).     

Maricurvus nonylphenolicus gen. nov., sp. nov., a nonylphenol-degrading bacterium isolated from seawater

A novel aerobic, Gram-negative bacterial strain, designated KU41E(T), which degrades p-n-nonylphenol, was isolated from seawater obtained from the coastal region of Ishigaki Island, Japan. Cells are motile, curved rods with a single polar flagellum. Strain KU41E(T) grew at 20-35 °C, pH 7.0-8.0, in the presence of 1.0-4.0% NaCl. The predominant respiratory lipoquinone was ubiquinone-8, and the major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C(15:0) iso 2OH and/or C(16:1) ω7c, 28.4%), C(18:1) ω7c (19.8%), and C(16:0) (17.0%). The DNA G + C content was 48.6 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain KU41E(T) is affiliated with the order Alteromonadales within the class Gammaproteobacteria and is most closely related to Pseudoteredinibacter isoporae SW-11(T) (93.6% similarity) and Teredinibacter turnerae T7902(T) (91.9% similarity). On the basis of physiological, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic data, strain KU41E(T) is suggested to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Maricurvus nonylphenolicus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of M. nonylphenolicus is KU41E(T) (=JCM 17778(T)).     

Marinomonas aquamarina sp. nov., isolated from oysters and seawater

The characterization of three bacterial strains isolated from cultured oysters and seawater at the Spanish Mediterranean coast has been performed. Strains were phenotypically and genetically characterized and the results led us to identify them as members of the genus Marinomonas. A phylogenetic analysis based on the almost complete 16S rDNA sequences clustered all three strains together (with sequence similarities around 99.8%) in the vicinity of M. communis and M. vaga sequences and distantly related to the other four species of the genus. The most closely related species was M. communis that shared 97.4-97.6% with the Mediterranean strains. DNA-DNA hybridizations were performed to clarify the taxonomic position of our isolates and the results confirmed their specific isolation, with interspecific binding ratios below 59%. We propose the bacteria to constitute a new Marinomonas species, i.e. M. aquamarina and strain 11SM4T (CECT 5080T, CIP 108405T, CCUG 49439T) as the type strain.     

Thalassobius aquaeponti sp. nov., an alphaproteobacterium isolated from seawater

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped or ovoid bacterial strain, GJSW-22^T, which was isolated from seawater at Geoje island in South Korea, was characterized taxonomically. Strain GJSW-22^T was observed to grow optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. In the neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain GJSW-22^T grouped with the type strains of Thalassobius species, forming a stable cluster with the type strain of Thalassobius aestuarii (bootstrap value of 83.2 %). Strain GJSW-22^T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value (98.0 %) to the type strain of T. aestuarii. It exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 95.6–96.1 % to the type strains of the other Thalassobius species. Strain GJSW-22^T was found to contain Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C_18:1 ω7c and 11-methyl C_18:1 ω7c as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain GJSW-22^T were identified as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G + C content of strain GJSW-22^T is 60.3 mol % and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness value with the type strain of T. aestuarii was 23 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, confirmed that strain GJSW-22^T is distinct from other Thalassobius species. On the basis of the data presented, strain GJSW-22^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Thalassobius, for which the name Thalassobius aquaeponti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GJSW-22^T (=KCTC 42115^T = NBRC 110378^T).     

Antarctobacter jejuensis sp. nov., isolated from seawater in Jeju,Korea

A novel bacterium, designated strain 13-2-B6^T, was isolated from seawater adjacent to Songak Mountain on Jeju Island, South Korea. The novel strain was observed to be Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and motile with a single polar flagellum. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain 13-2-B6^T was determined to be phylogenetically closely related to the type strain of Antarctobacter heliothermus, currently the sole species of the genus Antarctobacter (family Rhodobacteraceae). Sequence similarity between the 16S rRNA genes of strain 13-2-B6^T and A. heliothermus EL-219^T is 96.9 %. Strain 13-2-B6^T was found to grow optimally at 25–30 °C, pH 7.0–8.0 and 3 % (w/v) NaCl. The predominant isoprenoid quinone in strain 13-2-B6^T was identified as ubiquinone Q-10 and the major fatty acids were identified as C_18:1 ω7c and/or C_18:1 ω6c. Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids, two unknown phospholipids, an unknown glycolipid and an unknown lipid were found to be components of the polar lipid profile. The G + C content of strain 13-2-B6^T was determined to be 62 mol %. On the basis of its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain 13-2-B6^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Antarctobacter, for which the name Antarctobacter jejuensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 13-2-B6^T (=KCTC 42009^T =JCM 19898^T).     

Lentilitoribacter donghaensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a slowly-growing alphaproteobacterium isolated from coastal seawater

A Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod- or short rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated BH-4^T, was isolated from coastal seawater in the East Sea, South Korea. Strain BH-4^T grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0–7.5 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain BH-4^T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value (96.5 %) to Hoeflea phototrophica NCIMB 14078^T. It exhibited 94.2–95.5, 94.7 and 93.8 % sequence similarity values to the type strains of the other Hoeflea species, Ahrensia kielensis and Pseudahrensia aquimaris, respectively. Neighbor-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees revealed that strain BH-4^T clustered with the type strains of A. kielensis and P. aquimaris. Strain BH-4^T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone as shown in the genera Ahrensia, Pseudahrensia and Hoeflea. The fatty acid and polar lipid profiles of strain BH-4^T were distinguished from those of members of the genera Ahrensia, Pseudahrensia and Hoeflea. The DNA G + C content was 49.3 mol%, lower than those of the type strains of P. aquimaris and Hoeflea species. The phylogenetic data, differential chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties revealed that strain BH-4^T constitutes a new genus and species within the Alphaproteobacteria, for which the name Lentilitoribacter donghaensis gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of Lentilitoribacter donghaensis is BH-4^T (=KCTC 32082^T = CCUG 62792^T).     

Glaciecola aquimarina sp. nov., a gammaproteobacterium isolated from coastal seawater

A Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile and ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, GGW-M5^T, was isolated from seawater on the southern coast in Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Strain GGW-M5^T grew optimally at pH 7.0–8.0, at 30 °C and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain GGW-M5^T belonged to the genus Glaciecola, joining the cluster comprising the type strains of G. agarilytica, G. arctica, G. chathamensis, G. mesophila, G. polaris and G. psychrophila, with which it exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 95.9–96.7 %. Strain GGW-M5^T exhibited sequence similarity values of 93.2–94.8 % to the type strains of the other Glaciecola species. Strain GGW-M5^T contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and C_16:1 ω7c and/or iso-C_15:0 2-OH, C_16:0 and C_14:0 2-OH as the major fatty acids. Major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content was 42.4 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that strain GGW-M5^T could be distinguished from other Glaciecola species. On the basis of the data presented, strain GGW-M5^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Glaciecola, for which the name Glaciecola aquimarina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GGW-M5^T (=KCTC 32108^T = CCUG 62918^T).     

Haloferax litoreum sp. nov., Haloferax marinisediminis sp. nov., and Haloferax marinum sp. nov., low salt-tolerant haloarchaea isolated from seawater and sediment

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - Three novel halophilic archaea were isolated from seawater and sediment near Yeoungheungdo Island, Republic of Korea. The genome size and G?+?C content of the...     

Litoribrevibacter albus gen. nov. sp. nov., isolated from coastal seawater,Fujian province,China

A Gram-stain negative, short rod-shaped aerobic bacterium with flagella, designated strain Y32^T, was isolated from coastal seawater in Xiamen, Fujian Province of China. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that strain Y32^T is a member of the family Oceanospirillaceae, forming a distinct lineage with species of the genus Litoribacillus. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain Y32^T and other strains were all less than 94.0 %. Strain Y32^T was found to grow optimally at 28 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 4–5 % (w/v) NaCl. The major fatty acids were identified as Summed Feature 3 (comprising C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c, 49.4 %), C_16:0 (17.7 %), C_14:0 (6.9 %) and C_18:1 ω9c (5.4 %). The major respiratory quinone was identified as ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). The major polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content of strain Y32^T was determined to be 55.6 mol%. According to its morphology, physiology, fatty acid composition, polar lipids composition and 16S rRNA gene sequence data, strain Y32^T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Oceanospirillaceae, for which the name Litoribrevibacter albus gen. nov. sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Litoribrevibacter albus is Y32^T (=MCCC 1F01211^T=NBRC 110071^T).     

Halomonas borealis sp. nov. and Halomonas niordiana sp. nov., two new species isolated from seawater

Two Gram-negative strains obtained from tank water in a scallop hatchery in Norway, were phenotypically and genotypically characterized in order to clarify their taxonomic position. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, these isolates, ATF 5.2^T and ATF 5.4^T, were included in the genus Halomonas, being their closest relatives H. smyrnensis and H. taeanensis, with similarities of 98.9% and 97.7%, respectively. Sequence analysis of the housekeeping genes atpA, ftsZ, gyrA, gyrB, mreB, rpoB, rpoD, rpoE, rpoH, rpoN and rpoS clearly differentiated the isolates from the currently described Halomonas species, and the phylogenetic analysis using concatenated sequences of these genes located them in two robust and independent branches. DNA–DNA hybridization (eDDH) percentage, together with average nucleotide identity (ANI), were calculated using the complete genome sequences of the strains, and demonstrate that the isolates constitute two new species of Halomonas, for which the names of Halomonas borealis sp. nov. and Halomonas niordiana sp. nov. are proposed, with type strains ATF 5.2^T (=CECT 9780^T = LMG 31367^T) and ATF 5.4^T (=CECT 9779^T = LMG 31227^T), respectively.