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1.
Effect of genotype,explant type and growth regulators on organogenesis in Morus alba 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Plantlets of the mulberry (Morus alba L. vars. Chinese White, and Kokuso-27) were produced from callus cultures. For callus induction, leaf, internodal segments,
and petiole explants of Chinese White, Kokuso-27 and Ichinose varieties were grown on MS basal medium fortified with 2,4-D
and 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). Callogenesis was dependent on the nature of explant used, the genotype and growth regulators
supplemented in the medium. Leaves were the best explant type used for callus induction. Best callogenesis was obtained on
MS medium containing a combination of 1 mg l−1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg l−1 BA (95-100%). Calluses formed shoots on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg l−1 BA. Supplementation with 0.1 mg l−1 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) in this medium enhanced shooting response. Presence of TIBA in the medium also improved
the long-term organogenic potential of the callus. Regenerated shoots produced roots on Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium containing
either 0.5 mg l−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Seventy percent of the rooted plants were established in the
field where they are performing well.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
2.
An efficient and simple method for high frequency plant regeneration from immature cotyledons of mungbean is described. Immature
cotyledons isolated from embryos, one week prior to harvest were cultured on MS medium with combinations of growth regulators
such as benzyladenine (1 or 2 mg l−1), thidiazuron (0.1 or 0.5 mg l−1), gibberellic acid (0.1 mg l−1) and indole-3-acetic acid (0.1 or 0.5 mg l−1). A large number of greenish shoot primordia were initiated from the entire surface of the cotyledons in some of the growth
regulators. Medium supplemented with benzyladenine (2 mg l−1) in combination with indole-3-acetic acid (0.5 mg l−1) produced the best response. On subculture to the same medium, well developed shoots were obtained. Addition of 0.5% activated
charcoal to the shoot initiation medium completely inhibited initiation of shoot primordia. The shoot buds could be rooted
on medium supplemented with 0.1 mg l−1 indole butyric acid and plants transferred to soil.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
Summary Callus induction was observed from hypocotyl, root, and cotyledonary leaf segments, grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium
supplemented with various concentrations and combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and kinetin (KN). Maximum
callusing (100%) was obtained from root and cotyledonary leaf segments grown on MS medium supplemented with a combination
of 2 mg l−1 (9.1 μM) 2,4-D and 0.2 mg l−1 (0.9 μM) KN. The calluses, when subcultured in the same medium, showed profuse callusing. However, these calluses remained recalcitrant
to regenerate regardless of the quality and combinations of plant growth regulators in the nutrient pool. When hypocotyl segments
were used as explants, callus induction was noticed in 91% of cultures which showed shoot regeneration on MS medium supplemented
with 2 mg l−1 2,4-D and 0.2 mg l−1 KN. These shoots were transferred to fresh medium containing various concentrations and combinations of 6-benzyladenine (BA)
and N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenosine (2-iP). Maximum shoot multiplication was observed after 60 d of the second subculture on MS medium
containing 2 mg l−1 (8.9 μM) BA. These shoots were rooted best (87%) on MS medium containing 2 mg l−1 (9.9 μM) indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The plantlets were transferred to the field after acclimatization and showed 60% survival. 相似文献
4.
Kulkarni Anjali A. Thengane S.R. Krishnamurthy K.V. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2000,62(3):203-209
In vitro studies were initiated with Withania somnifera (L.) Dun. for rapid micropropagation of selected chemotypes using nodes, internodes, hypocotyls and embryo explants. Direct
regeneration of shoot buds was observed in MS basal medium supplemented with various concentrations of either benzyladenine
(BA) or thidiazouron (TDZ) depending on the explant. Nodal explants formed multiple shoots both from pre-existing and de novo buds on Murashige and Skoog's medium (MS) containing 0.1–5.0 mg l−1 BA and a ring of de novo shoot buds on MS medium containing 0.2 and 0.3 mg l−1 TDZ. Internodal explants formed shoot buds on MS with 1.0 and 5.0 mg l−1 BA while the hypocotyl explants gave rise to multiple shoots only on MS with 0.5 mg l−1 BA. Isolated embryos gave rise to many shoot buds on MS with 0.2 and 0.3 mg l−1 TDZ. The shoot buds elongated and rooted either on MS medium with 0.01 mg l−1 BA or on half strength MS medium lacking growth regulators, which depended upon the growth regulator used in the shoot bud
induction medium. Except for the embryo-derived plantlets, all other plantlets could be acclimatized with 100% success.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
Callus cultures were initiated from axillary leaves, axillary shoots, hypocotyls, and root segments on Murashige and Skoog
(MS) (1962) medium supplemented with 2,4-D (2 mg l−1) and KN (0.2 mg l−1). Shoots differentiated best from axillary shoot base callus on MS medium containing BA (2 mg l−1). Regenerated shoots rooted best on MS medium containing IBA (2 mg l−1) alone, and IBA (2 mg l−1) with IAA (2 mg l−1). Plantlets were transferred to pots containing sand and soil mixture, acclimatized in a culture room and afterwards transferred
to the glasshouse.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
Organogenic cultures were induced from zygotic embryo and megagametophyte explants of the Central American cycad species,
Dioon edule. Plant growth medium consisted of B5 major salts, Murashige and Skoog minor salts and organics, 400 mg l−1 glutamine, 100 mg l−1 arginine, 100 mg l−1 asparagine, 60 g l−1 sucrose, 8 g l−1 Difco Bacto agar and was supplemented with kinetin (0 – 13.94 μM) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (0 – 9.05 μM)
arranged as a 5×4 factorial in a randomized block design. Callus initiation occurred on a wide range of medium formulations
from megagametophyte explants; however, shoot formation occurred only on medium supplemented with 2.26 μM 2,4-D. In comparison,
callus initiation from explanted zygotic embryos occurred on fewer medium formulations, and adventitious shoot induction occurred
from callus on formulations with 9.29–13.94 μM kinetin + 0.45–9.05 μM 2,4-D. Rooted shoots, derived from megagametophyte and
zygotic embryo cultures, have been regenerated.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
This study demonstrates the morphogenic potential of pulvinus, an important organ situated at the base of the petiole or rachis
of leguminous plants. Plant regeneration via pulvinus-derived calli of Caesalpinia bonduc has been achieved. Organogenic calli have been derived from the explant 45 days after culture on Murashige and Skoog (MS)
medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) alone or in combination with 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). Optimum
callus induction (100%) occurred when the pulvini were cultured on MS medium fortified with 6 mg l−1 2,4-D and 1 mg l−1 BA. The highest shoot induction was obtained when the calli were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 5 mg l−1 BA and 1 mg l−1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). On this medium, 87% cultures responded with an average number of 4.2 shoots per culture. The
maximum root induction from the regenerated shoots was observed on half strength MS medium containing 6 mg l−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Here 100% shoots rooted with a mean number of 6.3 roots per shoot. The regenerated plantlets
were acclimatized and subsequently showed normal growth. This efficient protocol will be helpful for propagating elite clones
on a mass scale and could be utilized for genetic transformation study. 相似文献
8.
Micropropagated plants of two annual haloxerophytic Asiatic Salsola species (S. pestifer and S. lanata) were obtained from zygotic embryos cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) agar medium supplemented with 0.5 μM benzylamino-purine
(BAP) and 0.3 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or with 0.5 μM 6 γ, γ-dimethylallylaminopurine and 0.3 μM IAA. The callus induction
from shoot and leaf explants derived from plants propagated in vitro were obtained on MS agar medium with various concentration of auxins and cytokinins. The best medium for growth and proliferation
of calluses of both studied species was MS medium containing 9.0 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. It was also determined
that beginning of plant regeneration from callus of S. lanata was induced by 8.8 μM BAP.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
Plantlet regeneration through shoot formation from young leaf explant-derived callus of Camptotheca acuminata is described. Calli were obtained by placing leaf explants on Woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with various concentrations
of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Callus induction was observed
in all media evaluated. On the shoot induction medium, the callus induced on the WPM medium containing 19.8 μM BA and 5.8
μM NAA was the most effective, providing high shoot regeneration frequency (70.3 %) as well as the highest number of shoots
(11.2 shoots explant−1). The good rooting percentage and root quality (98 %, 5.9 roots shoot−1) were achieved on WPM medium supplemented with 9.6 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). 96 % of the in vitro rooted plantlets with well developed shoots and roots survived transfer to soil. 相似文献
10.
The nodal and internodal explants excised from the orthotropic shoots of Sesbania sesban var. bicolor elicited the development of shoots directly from the explants as well as via an intervening callus phase on Nitsch (N) medium. On benzyladenine (BA) supplemented media, the adventitious shoot buds developed
involving a callus phase. An average of 8.9 ± 4.1 shoots developed per nodal explant on N medium containing 0.5 mg dm−3 BA in 95 % cultures, whereas 65 % cultures of internodal explants developed shoots with an average of 5.9 ± 3.6 shoots per
explant on N medium supplemented with 1.0 mg dm−3 BA. On kinetin (Kn) supplemented medium shoots developed directly from the surface of both the explants at all the concentrations
tried. Nodal explants on N medium supplemented with 1.5 mg dm−3 Kn developed an average of 12.5 ± 7.9 shoots per explant in 100 % cultures, while internodal explants induced an average
of 11.6 ± 7.4 shoots per explant in 75 % explants at 0.5 mg dm−3 Kn. The in vitro regenerated shoots developed roots when implanted on N medium supplemented with 2 mg dm−3 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), after 30 d of inoculation. The in vitro developed plantlets were initially acclimatized under controlled conditions for four months, prior to their transfer to the
field.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
A method for plant regeneration in Robinia pseudoacacia L. from cell suspension culture was established. Non regenerative friable callus from hypocotyls and cotyledon explants from
in vitro raised seedling induced on solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.05 mg dm−3 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was used for initiation of cell suspension cultures on same MS medium but without
agar. Single cells were isolated after 3 d and the optimum cell density was 1–3 × 104 cells per cm3 of the liquid MS medium. Plating efficiency was 29.6 % and callus formed within 4 weeks was subcultured and transferred to
solid MS medium supplemented with 0.6 mg dm−3 benzyladenine (BA) along with 0.05 mg dm−3 α-naphthalene-1-acetic acid (NAA) for the induction of adventitious bud primordia. The shoots developed were isolated and
re-cultured on MS medium containing 0.6 mg dm−3 BA. These microshoots after dipping in 1–2 cm3 of 10 mg dm−3 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for 24 h in dark were cultured on half strength solid MS medium supplemented with 0.05 % charcoal
and showed 80–82 % rooting within 4 weeks. 相似文献
12.
Nisar Ahmad Hina Fazal Bilal Haider Abbasi Muhammad Rashid Tariq Mahmood Nighat Fatima 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,102(1):129-134
The organogenic potential and antioxidant potential (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl-scavenging activity) of the medicinal
plant Piper nigrum L. (black pepper) were investigated. Callus induction and shoot regeneration were induced from leaf explants of potted plants
cultured on MS medium supplemented with different plant growth regulators. The best callogenic response was observed on explants
cultured for 30 days on MS medium supplemented with either 0.5 or 1.5 mg l−1 6-benzyladenine (BA) + 1.0 mg l−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid. Subsequent transfer of the callogenic explants onto MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg l−1 BA + 1.0 mg l−1 gibberellic acid (GA3) achieved 85% shoot organogenesis after 30 days of culture. The maximum number (7.2) of shoots/explant was recorded for explants
cultured in MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l−1 BA. Following the transfer of shoots to an elongation medium, the longest shoots (5.4 cm) were observed on MS medium supplemented
with 1.0 mg l−1 BA + 1.0 mg l−1 GA3. The elongated shoots were rooted on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of indole butyric acid. An assay
of the antioxidant potential of the in vitro-grown tissues revealed that the antioxidant activity of the regenerated shoots
was significantly higher than that of callus and the regenerated plantlets. 相似文献
13.
H. Cao J. Yang Z. S. Peng C. Y. Kang D. C. Chen Z. C. Gong X. Tan 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2007,43(2):149-153
This study reports a protocol for successful micropropagation of Penthorum chinense using nodal explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzyladenine (BA) or kinetin (Kn). The presence
of BA promoted a higher rate of shoot multiplication than Kn. Maximum multiple shoot formation was observed in 59.2% of nodal
explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg l−1 BA after 6 wk. After subculture for 4 wk, the maximum number of shoots (6.4) was obtained on a medium with 2.0 mg l−1 BA, but shoots were too short and not suitable for micropropagation. The taller shoots that regenerated in the presence of
lower BA concentration (1.0 mg l−1) were selected for root induction study. Most shoots (98.8%) rooted in the presence of 0.5 mg l−1 indole-3-acetic acid after 3 wk, with each shoot forming an average of 10.0 roots. Plantlets were transferred to soil and
successfully acclimatized. 相似文献
14.
Hippolyte Kodja Isabelle Robene-Soustrade Jacques Figier 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》1997,19(3):359-366
Callus cultures of Tabernaemontana persicariaefolia, (Apocynaceae), an endangered species endemic to the Mascarene Islands, were established from leaf explants on MS medium containing either
5 mg·l−1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg·l−1 BA or 5 mg·l−1 2,4-D, 0.5 mg·l−1 BA and 200 mg·l−1 DFMO. Histological studies showed regenerating nodules resembling globular embryos in calli after 4 weeks on the DFMO medium.
Green shoot formation was achieved by sequential subculture of the induced calli on media with gradually decreasing 2,4-D
concentrations (5→1→0 mg·l−1). Regeneration was greatly stimulated in the presence of DFMO. The first emergence of shoots occured 3 weeks earlier than
in untreated callus cultures. 相似文献
15.
Su-Juan Zhao Zhong-Chun Zhang Xiang Gao Gulsum Tohsun Bao-Sheng Qiu 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2009,99(1):9-16
An efficient micropropagation system for mining ecotype Sedum alfredii Hance, a newly identified Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator, was developed. Frequency of callus induction reached up to 70% from leaves
incubated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5 mg l−1 6-benzyladenine (BA), and 83% from internodal stem segments grown on MS medium with 0.1 mg l−1 2,4-D and 0.1 mg l−1 BA. Callus proliferated rapidly on MS medium containing 0.2 mg l−1 2,4-D and 0.05 mg l−1 thidiazuron. The highest number of adventitious buds per callus (17.3) and frequency of shoot regeneration (93%) were obtained
when calli were grown on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg l−1 BA and 0.3 mg l−1 α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Elongation of shoots was achieved when these were incubated on MS medium containing 3.0 mg l−1 gibberellic acid. Induction of roots was highest (21.4 roots per shoot) when shoots were transferred to MS medium containing
2.0 mg l−1 indole 3-butyric acid rather than either indole 3-acetic acid or NAA. When these in vitro plants were acclimatized and transferred
to the greenhouse, and grown in hydroponic solutions containing 200 μM cadmium (Cd), they exhibited high efficiency of Cd
transport, from roots to shoots, and hyperaccumulation of Cd. 相似文献
16.
Meiru Li Hongqing Li Huawu Jiang Guojiang Wu 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2008,93(3):249-255
Broussonetia papyrifera is well-known for its bark fibers, which are used for making paper, cloth, rope etc. This is the first report of a successful
genetic transformation protocol for B. papyrifera using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Callus was initiated at a frequency of about 100% for both leaf and petiole explants. Shoots formed on these calli with
a success rate of almost 100%, with 14.08 and 8.36 shoots regenerating from leave-derived and petiole-derived callus, respectively.
For genetic transformation, leaf explants of B. papyrifera were incubated with A. tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harboring the binary vector pCAMBIA 1301 which contains the hpt gene as a selectable marker for hygromycin resistance and an intron-containing β-glucuronidase gene (gus-int) as a reporter gene. Following co-cultivation, leaf explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (Physiol Plant 15:473,
1962) (MS) medium supplemented with 1.5 mg l−1 benzyladenine (BA) and 0.05 mg l−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (CI medium) containing 5 mg l−1 hygromycin and 500 mg l−1 cefotaxime, in the dark. Hygromycin-resistant calli were induced from leaf explants 3 weeks thereafter. Regenerating shoots
were obtained after transfer of the calli onto MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg l−1 BA, 0.05 mg l−1 IBA, and 0.5 mg l−1 gibberellic acid (GA3) (SI medium), 5 mg l−1 hygromycin and 250 mg l−1 cefotaxime under fluorescent light. Finally, shoots were rooted on half strength MS medium (1/2 MS) supplemented with 10 mg l−1 hygromycin. Transgene incorporation and expression was confirmed by PCR, Southern hybridisation and histochemical GUS assay.
Using this protocol, transgenic B. papyrifera plants containing desirable new genes can be obtained in approximately 3 months with a transformation frequency as high as
44%. 相似文献
17.
Sujay Rakshit Zerka Rashid J. C. Sekhar T. Fatma Sain Dass 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,100(1):31-37
Callus induction and regeneration ability of five elite maize inbred lines, CM 111, CM 117, CM 124, CM 125 and CM 300 were
investigated using 14-day-old immature embryos as explants. Genotype, medium, source of auxin and their concentrations influenced
induction of callus. Explants grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid at
1 mg l−1 showed the highest frequency of callusing. Among all the media tested, explants grown on N6 medium gave the highest frequency
of organogenic callus. Moreover, N6 supplemented with Dicamba promoted higher callus response in terms of both frequency of
induction as well as quality, compared to N6 medium with 2,4-D. N6 supplemented with 2 mg l−1 Dicamba induced the highest frequency of organogenic callus. Among the five genotypes tested, CM 124, CM 125, and CM 300
gave the best callus. Explants of both CM 124 and CM 300 incubated on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg l−1 benzyladenine and 0.5 mg l−1 indole acetic acid promoted the highest frequency of shoot induction. Though CM 124 induced higher percentage of shoot formation
than CM 300, the mean number of developed shoots per explant was higher for CM 300. The highest frequency of root formation
was observed when shoots were grown on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg l−1 naphathalene acetic acid. Percentage of regenerated plants ranged from 54 to 66. 相似文献
18.
Micropropagation of Sesbania rostrata from the Cotyledonary Node 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
Multiple shoots were induced from the cotyledonary nodes derived from seedling of Sesbania rostrata on Nitsch (1969; N) medium supplemented with various concentrations of benzyladenine (BA). 1 mg dm−3 BA proved to be the best, eliciting 5.8 ± 1.0 shoots per explant in 100 % cultures. The elongation of shoots was best at
2.0 mg dm−3 BA. The shoot proliferation capacity increased to 7.5 shoots per explant following transfer of explants to the fresh shoot
multiplication medium (MS + 1.0 mg dm−3 BA), after an initial incubation of 30 d. To further enhance number of shoots per explant an alternative strategy of cultivation
of mother explant on fresh shoot multiplication medium after excision of shoots was adopted. Following the repeated harvesting
of shoots an average of 33 shoots per explant could be obtained. The in vitro regenerated shoots produced roots when transferred to half-strength MS medium supplemented with 3 % sucrose and 1 mg dm−3 IBA. The developed plantlets were planted in the soil and transferred to the field after an acclimatization period of 3 –
4 months. These plants produced flowers and fruits in the field and exhibited the development of prominent and more organized
stem nodules as compared to the in vivo raised plants of the same age.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
N. Irvani M. Solouki M. Omidi A. R. Zare S. Shahnazi 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,100(3):293-299
Dorema ammoniacum D. Don. (Apiaceae), a native medicinal plant in Iran, is classified as a vulnerable species. Root, hypocotyl, and cotyledon
segments were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) (1962) medium supplemented with either 2,4-dichlorophenyoxyacetic acid
(2,4-D) or naphathalene acetic acid (NAA), at 0–2 mg l−1, alone or in combination with either benzyladenine (BA) or kinetin (KN), at 0–2 mg l−1 for callus induction. The best response (100%) was observed from root segments on MS medium containing 1 mg l−1 NAA and 2 mg l−1 BA. The calli derived from various explants were subcultured on MS medium supplemented with BA (1–4 mg l−1) alone or in combination with NAA or indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), at 0.2 or 0.5 mg l−1 for shoot induction. Calli derived from hypocotyl segments showed significantly higher frequency of plantlet regeneration
and number of plantlets than the calli derived from root and cotyledon segments. Therefore, MS medium supplemented with 2 mg l−1 BA and 0.2 mg l−1 IBA produced the highest frequency of shoot regeneration (87.3%) in hypocotyl-derived callus. The optimal medium for rooting
contained 2.5 mg l−1 IBA on which 87.03% of the regenerated shoots developed roots with an average number of 5.2 roots per shoots within 30 days.
These plantlets were hardened and transferred to the soil. The described method can be successfully employed for the large-scale
multiplication and conservation of germplasm this plant. 相似文献
20.
Sun Hee Woo Arun Nair Taiji Adachi Clayton G. Campbell 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2000,36(5):358-361
Summary Plants were regenerated from cotyledon tissue of greenhouse grown seedlings of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.). Maximum callus regeneration was induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2,4-D (2.0 mg l−1) and kinetin (KIN) (0.2 mg l−1) and either 3 or 6% sucrose. Friable callus was transferred to MS media containing KIN and benzylaminopurine (BAP) at varied
concentrations for embryogenic callus induction. The optimum medium for embryogenic callus induction was found to be MS medium
supplemented with 0.2 mg l−1 KIN, 2.0 mg l−1 BAP and 3% (w/v) sucrose. Variation of sucrose from 3 to 6% did not show any significant effect on callus induction or embryogenesis.
Regeneration of embryonic callus varied from 13 to 32%. Whole plants were obtained at high frequencies when the embryogenic
calluses with somatic embryos and organized shoot primordia were transferred to half-strength MS media with 3% sucrose. Regenerated
plants after acclimation were transferred to greenhouse conditions, and both vegetative and floral characteristics were observed
for variation. This regeneration system may be valuable for genetic transformation and cell selection in common buckwheat. 相似文献