以微流体技术构建纹状体神经元流道图案的形态学研究

在以微流体技术加工的聚乙烯亚胺(polyethyleneimine,PEI)及层粘连蛋白(laminin,LN)混合物材料上,培养纹状体神经元图案式黏附、生长,为制备神经芯片打好基础.以微流体印刷方法在硅片上微加工四种不同的黏附底物:LN、带正电荷的多聚赖氨酸(poly-L-lysine,PLL)、PEI和PEI+LN...     

热损伤对大鼠纹状体神经元凋亡的影响

目的:探讨热损伤对原代培养的大鼠纹状体神经元凋亡的影响.方法:对原代培养的大鼠纹状体神经元进行43℃热损伤40 min后,用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜(LSCM)观察神经元细胞内Ca2 浓度的变化、神经元线粒体膜电位的变化,TUNEL法检测热损伤前后纹状体神经元凋亡的变化.结果:热损伤使纹状体神经元内Ca2 浓度明显升高,线粒体膜电位明显降低(P＜0.01);热损伤后纹状体神经元凋亡增多.结论:热损伤可能通过增加细胞内钙离子浓度、降低细胞线粒体膜电位而诱发大鼠纹状体原代培养神经元凋亡.     

鼠胚中脑多巴胺神经元的体外发育及靶细胞对其影响

１４天大鼠胚中脑腹侧神经元在体外进行分散培养,用抗酪氨酸羟化酶血清（ＴＨ）检测多巴胺（ＤＡ）神经元。培养２４小时即可见ＴＨ阳性神经元,３天后数量开始增加,高峰出现在１４天左右,此后逐渐减少。ＴＨ阳性神经元胞体随培养时间的延长渐增大,核浆比例减少,表明神经元趋向成熟。收集培养液用高效液相色谱一电化学仪（ＨＰＬＣ－ＥＣ）测定其中ＤＡ递质的含量,在培养最初的７２小时内其浓度极低,至１５天时为初７２小时的５０余倍,此后开始下降,与ＤＡ神经元的形态发育同步。将中脑腹侧多巴胺神经元与其靶细胞纹状体神经元共培养时．ＴＨ阳性神经元数明显增加．培养液中的ＤＡ浓度均为同期中脑腹侧神经元单纯培养时的一倍,ＴＨ活性也较单纯培养时为高,表明靶细胞能明显提高ＤＡ神经元的存活能力。     

新生SD大鼠皮质神经元的体外培养和鉴定

目的：建立高纯度的新生SD大鼠皮质神经元原代培养方法。方法：取24h内的新生SD大鼠皮质,用木瓜酶和DNaseⅠ共同消化,5％胎牛血清终止消化,吹打分离组织获得单细胞悬液,进行细胞计数,用无血清DMEM／F12种植培养,4h后换成用无血清Neurobasal配制的维持培养液继续培养,尼氏小体染色和免疫荧光法鉴定神经元的纯度。结果：培养第10d,神经元胞体饱满,结构清晰完整,光晕明显,折光性强,可见粗长的树突和轴突,相邻细胞形成紧密网状联系,神经元纯度达到96％以上。结论：经改良和优化,无须添加阿糖胞苷抑制胶质细胞的生长即能够获得生长状态良好、高纯度的神经元。     

培养大脑皮层神经元的新方法-睾丸支持细胞的应用

实验将睾丸支持细胞(Sertoli细胞,SCs)与神经元共培养,以观察SCs的促生长与营养作用。结果显示2h时神经元的贴壁率明显增加(68%vs 0:P<0.01),从而提高了体外培养神经元的存活量,而且贴壁神经元的胞体面积以及突起数目也明显大于对照组(174.85±105.18 vs 96.59±41.63,2.53±1.79 vs 1.36±0.54:P<0.01)。实验结果证实使用SCs与神经元共培养是一种可以获得大量目的神经元的简便易行的新方法。     

体外培养的鸡胚神经元迁移的光镜和扫描电镜的研究

用鸡胚神经细胞为材料,建立神经细胞体外培养技术,相差显微镜观察到鸡胚神经元可以沿着神经胶质细胞纤维运动。扫描电子显微镜揭示体外培养神经元与胶质细胞的关系。     

移植的5—羟色胺能神经元跨软脊膜迁入大鼠脊髓的研究

本文对移植的5-HT神经元从蛛网膜下腔跨软脊膜迁移进入脊髓作了初步研究。将含有5-HT细胞的胚胎中缝核组织小块或神经细胞悬浮液作为移植物,以5-HT免疫组织化学方法跟踪移植细胞,结果如下:(1)在低胸水平横切脊髓,10d后,横断脊髓内的5-HT纤维消失。(2)横切脊髓(方法同上)后,立即将中缝核组织小块移植在胸腰段脊髓的蛛网膜下腔,一月后.在横断脊髓内出现5-HT阳性神经元和纤维。5-HT纤维能在灰白质内延伸。(3)脊髓横断后,若以中缝核的细胞悬浮液代替组织小块,作上述移植,则在移植区附近的灰质内出现大量的5-HT阳性神经元。这些神经元在灰质内的分布范围与神经细胞悬浮液在蛛网膜下腔的移植范围相一致。迁入神经元能在灰质内重新形成5-HT阳性纤维网。(4)经上述移植后,灰质内出现的5-HT阳性纤维随远离细胞体而变得稀疏。白质内的5-HT阳性纤维远比灰质内稀少。本实验结果表明:移植在脊髓蛛网膜下腔的脑干5-HT细胞能跨软脊膜迁移进入脊髓。     

电针对脑缺血神经元凋亡影响的形态学研究

为了探讨针刺治疗“脑卒中”的机制,本研究以大鼠一侧大脑中动脉栓塞后再灌注为动物模型,分别以ＴＵＮＥＬ法和ＰＩ染色法观察电针改善脑缺血性神经元凋亡的情况。结果显示：①局灶性脑缺血能诱导神经元凋亡：缺血侧凋亡神经元数目明显多于对照侧,差异非常显著;②电针能明显抑制神经元凋亡：电针治疗组缺血侧梗塞区凋亡神经元数目明显减少。本文表明电针能抑制脑缺血性神经元凋亡。     

氯胺酮对培养神经元无氧与再灌损伤保护作用机理的研究

采用１６－１８ｄ胎龄的大鼠皮层细胞分离培养,分别观察无氧再灌和谷氨酸对皮层神经元的影响以及氯胺酮的保护作用。结果如下：培养１２ｄ的细胞先置于缺氧环境中５ｈ,再灌０－２４ｈ后,随着无氧再灌时间延长,ＬＤＨ漏出增加。外源性谷氨酸也引起ＬＤＨ的漏出增加。无氧再灌和谷氨酸处理前,于培养液中加入氯胺酮,则ＬＤＨ漏出量均明显低于对照组。结果表明,无氧和再灌及过量谷氨酸均造成皮层神经元严重损伤,氯胺酮对上述损伤皆有明显的保护作用。以上结果说明谷氨酸兴奋毒性与ＮＭＤＡ受体在缺血性脑损伤过程起着至关重要的作用。     

缺氧对体外培养大鼠海马神经元Bcl—2表达的影响

采用免疫组化方法,观察缺氧对体外培养大鼠海马神经元Bcl-2表达的影响。结果显示,缺氧2h时Bcl-2免疫反应阳性神经元的平均光密度较缺氧前明显增强,但缺氧4h和重新恢复供氧后24—72h时,Bcl-2免疫反应阳性神经元的平均光密度又逐渐减弱。缺氧后Bcl-2免疫反应阳性神经元数和阳性率亦随神经元存活数的下降而逐渐减少。本结果提示,缺氧早期Bcl-2免疫染色阳性神经元的免疫反应增强可能是脑细胞在缺氧条件下的自我保护机制,Bcl-2可能对海马神经元缺氧损伤具有一定调控作用。     

The effect of fibrin on endothelial cell migration in vitro

Endothelial cells are known to migrate and come into contact with fibrin during numerous physiological processes, such as in wound healing and in tumor growth. The present study was initiated to investigate the effect of fibrin on endothelial cell migration in vitro. Endothelial cell migration was assayed by wounding confluent monolayers of bovine aortic endothelial cells with a razor blade and counting the number of cells crossing the wound per unit time. Wound-induced proliferation of endothelial cells was inhibited by mitomycin C-treatment without affecting endothelial cell migration, indicating that in this assay migration could be measured independent of proliferation. Migration of endothelial cells in vitro was inhibited by fibrin in a concentration dependent manner. Endothelial cell migration under fibrin was further reduced by plasminogen depletion of the serum, and fibrin still inhibited the migration of mitomycin C-treated endothelial cells. Kadish et al. (Tissue and Cell, 11, 99, 1979) previously reported that fibrin did not affect EC migration in vitro. The inability to inhibit EC migration with fibrin appears to be due to their assay system which employed agarose, since pre-treating the wounded monolayer with agarose eliminated the inhibition of EC migration by fibrin. The present results indicate that EC migration in vitro can be used as a model system for studying the interaction of fibrin with EC.     

An in vitro system for the study of tracheal epithelial cells

Enzymatically dissociated hamster tracheal epithelial (HTE) cells were cultured on collagen coated Millicell filters. Within 3-5 days after being placed in culture large numbers of ciliated and mucus cells began to appear. By 1 week the HTE cells closely resembled those seen in vivo, i.e. columnar morphology and organelle polarity. After 4 weeks in vitro the HTE cultures were still able to maintain the polarity and overall columnar morphology found in in vivo tissue. There was, in addition, no apparent degradation of the collagen substrate. Auto-radiographic data indicated that there was an initial period of high DNA synthesis during the first 3 days in vitro. This was followed by a second phase in which, by day 6, the amount of DNA synthesis was greatly reduced. Analysis of the numbers of ciliated cells relative to non-ciliated cells demonstrated that between days 5 and 8 there was an increase in the percentage of ciliated cells, suggesting that cellular differentiation (i.e. ciliogenesis) follows cellular proliferation. The results of this study show that when HTE cells are grown on collagen-coated Millicell filters there is a significant improvement in cell growth and morphology yielding cells that are very similar to those present under in vivo conditions. Moreover, since there is no degradation of the collagen substrate, HTE cultures may be suitable for long-term studies of respiratory tract epithelia.     

药用植物穿心莲离体培养技术及其应用研究进展

穿心莲为我国重要的南药之一,用于清热解毒、凉血消肿,其主要活性成分穿心莲内酯具有抗癌、抗HIV病毒、抗炎、保肝等功效。然而,穿心莲内酯人工合成难度较大,主要从人工栽培的植物原料中提取,栽培植物原料的质量因受土壤、气候、水肥管理等各种因素的影响而参差不齐,穿心莲生长周期长且占用土地资源。植物离体培养技术在种苗快繁及活性成分积累等方面都具有显著优势,是实现穿心莲活性成分快速、高效生产的重要途径之一。穿心莲组织离体再生技术体系日益完善,从外植体到完整植株的组织离体再生技术日渐成熟,已在种苗繁育、倍性育种等方面有了一定的应用。同时,在穿心莲愈伤组织培养、细胞悬浮培养、不定根培养、毛状根培养过程中,通过优化培养条件和使用适宜的诱导子可大幅增加培养物中穿心莲内酯等活性成分的积累。该文分别从穿心莲组织、细胞、不定根及毛状根培养等方面,全面系统地综述了近年来国内外关于穿心莲离体培养技术以及其生产穿心莲内酯的研究进展,以期促进穿心莲离体培养技术的发展与应用,为离体生产穿心莲内酯的研究提供参考。此外,还提出了未来在穿心莲离体培养技术及通过该技术生产穿心莲内酯的研究中需重点关注的3个方面:(1)熟化完善穿心莲组织离体再生技术体系,建立全面系统的评价体系;(2)优化培养条件和高效诱导子联用,进一步提高穿心莲内酯等重要活性成分产量;(3)开展通过细胞悬浮培养技术生产穿心莲内酯的生物反应器培养研究。     

楸树无性系离体培养特性差异研究

对选育的5个楸树无性系(004-1、1-3、2-6、015-1、1-4)进行组织培养比较研究,以明确楸树无性系再生芽增殖和生根培养中遗传因素及外界条件的影响。结果表明:楸树不同无性系是影响瓶苗生长的主要因素,继代培养无性系间的方差分量在93.89%～98.16%,芽增殖系数、增殖芽数、芽长、叶数、茎段基部愈伤组织横向膨大、茎段基部愈伤组织纵向膨大在不同无性系间达到极显著水平;生根率、生根数和根长无性系间差异极显著,方差分量分别为92.97%、88.75%、96.25%。5个无性系生长性状以004-1表现最好,增殖系数为10.74,生根率为61.11%,移栽成活率为74.44%,无性系1-4最弱。     

Suppressive effects of swainsonine on C6 glioma cell in vitro and in vivo

Swainsonine, an extract from Astragalus membranaceus, is known for its anti-cancer effects and could prevent metastases. In order to investigate the effects and mechanisms of swainsonine in C6 glioma cells, we carry out correlated experiments in vitro and in vivo. After treatment with swainsonine, the effective dose and IC₅₀ value of swainsonine in the C6 glioma cell were examined using the MTT assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptotic rates were analyzed using FCM and [Ca²⁺]_i was measured by LSCM. Expressions of p16 and p53 protein were evaluated by immunocytochemical methods. Simultaneously, glioma-bearing rats were administered swainsonine at doses of 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg body wt. The inhibition rate was calculated and pathological sections were observed. The results indicated that the growth of C6 glioma cells is inhibited by swainsonine in vitro, with an IC₅₀ value within 24 h of 0.05 μg/ml. Increases in swainsonine correlate with S phase percentages of 11.3%, 11.6% and 12.4%, respectively. Moreover, the expression of apoptosis inhibiting p53 and p16 protein decreases gradually. Tumor weight in vivo decreased clearly and HE dyeing of tumor tissue showed gray, its texture was soft, with necrosis and hemorrhagic concentrated inward. Swainsonine could inhibit the proliferation of C6 glioma cells in vitro and the growth of C6 glioma in vivo. The mechanisms of swainsonine-induced apoptosis may relate with the expression of apoptosis-related genes and overloading-[Ca²⁺]_i-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress.     

广藿香抗青枯病离体筛选技术的研究

以广藿香叶片及带节茎为材料,研究青枯菌粗毒素不同制备方法、青枯菌不同培养时间及不同菌液浓度对外植体离体再生的影响。结果表明:过滤灭菌法制备的青枯菌粗毒素致毒性比湿热灭菌法处理更强,外植体成活率明显降低;以培养12 h的青枯菌粗毒素对外植体有较大的致毒性,外植体变褐死亡现象较突出,培养30 d后,叶片及带节茎出芽率分别为10.33%及36.11%;浓度在1.41×10~8 cfu/ml以上的菌液粗毒素对外植体有明显的毒害作用,大多外植体枯黑死亡,出芽率较低,同时在该浓度时,大多数无根苗难以生根,植株基部变黑,叶片变黄,生长不良。确定了青枯菌粗毒素对广藿香不同离体培养阶段的致毒性,建立了以青枯菌粗毒素为选择压力的广藿香离体筛选体系。     

Assessment of a brown midrib (BMR) mutant gene on the nutritive value of sudangrass using in vitro and in vivo techniques

The brown midrib (BMR) gene has been reported to reduce the lignin concentration in plants, which contributed to increased fiber digestion in ruminants. Three studies were completed to compare the digestibility of a BMR mutant of sudangrass (sorghum bicolor subsp. Drummondii) versus a non-BMR (‘Piper’) variety when included in diets fed to sheep (Study 1), to complete a rumen in vitro assessment of sheep and lactating cow diets (Study 2), and to compare digestibility when included in the diet fed to lactating dairy cows (Study 3). Four wether sheep were used in a 2 × 2 Latin square experiment (Study 1) with total fecal collection to determine total tract apparent digestibility of pelleted Piper (P) and BMR (P-BMR) sudangrass hays. Forage pellets consisted of either P-BMR or P hay with added urea to meet the maintenance crude protein (CP) requirement of the sheep. Digestibility of organic matter (OM; P<0.01), dry matter (DM; P<0.01), acid detergent fiber (ADF; P<0.05), and neutral detergent fiber (aNDFom; P<0.07) was higher for P-BMR than P sudangrass. In vitro rumen digestibility of aNDFom using cattle rumen fluid was higher at 24 (P<0.01), 48 (P<0.01) and 72 h (P<0.01) of fermentation for P-BMR versus P (Study 2). Four lactating Holstein dairy cows (251 ± 30 days in milk) and fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulae were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. Total mixed rations (TMR) contained 180 g/kg DM shredded sudangrass hay and 180 g/kg sliced alfalfa hay, but the proportion of P to P-BMR sudangrass varied as 100:0, 66:34, 34:66, or 0:100. Yields of milk and milk protein were highest at the 66:34 level (Quadratic: P=0.06 and 0.07, respectively), but composition of milk fat, protein and lactose, as well as DM intake, did not differ (Study 3), probably because forestomach and total tract apparent digestion of aNDFom and OM did not differ due to sudangrass source.     

体外培养和冷冻保存对微囊化细胞生长和内皮抑素表达的影响

微囊化基因工程细胞移植治疗肿瘤是一种新兴的肿瘤治疗方法,如果将此技术应用到临床研究,就需要制备大量的细胞活性良好、重组蛋白表达量高的生物微胶囊。体外培养和冷冻保存是生物微胶囊制备过程中两个重要的环节,因此需要考察体外培养和冷冻保存对微囊化重组基因细胞生长和蛋白表达的影响。以重组CHO细胞为模型,考察了体外培养时间和冷冻保存对微囊化细胞在动物体内生长和内皮抑素表达的影响及体外培养时间对微囊化细胞冷冻保存的影响。结果表明:体外培养时间对微囊化细胞在动物体内生长、内皮抑素表达和微囊稳定性具有较大的影响,体外不培养和培养4d的微囊化细胞在小鼠腹腔内生长良好、内皮抑素表达量高,并且微囊稳定性好,而体外培养8d的微囊化细胞在移植后的第26天破裂。体外培养时间对微囊化细胞冷冻保存也具有较大的影响,体外培养4d和8d的微囊化细胞在液氮中冷冻保存40d,复苏后细胞生长良好、内皮抑素表达量高,而冻存前未经过体外培养的微囊化细胞,复苏后细胞几乎全部死亡。综上所述,生物微胶囊在体外比较适宜的培养时间为4d。并且冷冻保存对微囊化细胞在动物体内生长、内皮抑素表达和微囊稳定性没有显著的影响。     

Effect of different ascorbate supplementations on in vitro cartilage formation in porcine high-density pellet cultures

Articular cartilage has only very limited potential for self-repair and regeneration. For this reason, various tissue engineering approaches have been developed to generate cartilage tissue in vitro. Usually, most strategies require ascorbate supplementation to promote matrix formation by isolated chondrocytes. In this study, we evaluate and compare the effect of different ascorbate forms and concentrations on in vitro cartilage formation in porcine chondrocyte high-density pellet cultures. l-ascorbate, sodium l-ascorbate, and l-ascorbate-2-phosphate were administered in 100 μM, 200 μM, and 400 μM in the culture medium over 16 days. Pellet thickness increased independently from the supplemented ascorbate form and concentration. Hydroxyproline content increased as well, but here, medium concentration of AsAP and low concentration of AsA showed a more pronounced effect. Proteoglycan and collagen formation were evaluated histologically and could be proven in all supplemented cultures. Non-supplemented cultures, however, showed no stable matrix formation at all. Effects on the gene expression pattern of cartilage marker genes (type I and type II collagen, aggrecan, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP)) were studied by real-time RT-PCR and compared to non-supplemented control cultures. Expression level of cartilage marker genes was elevated in all cultures showing that dedifferentiation of chondrocytes could be prevented. Again, all supplementations caused a similar effect except for low concentration of AsA, which resulted in an even higher expression level of all marker genes. Besides that, we could not detect a pronounced difference between ascorbate and its derivates as well as between the different concentrations.     

野艾蒿挥发油对HeLa癌细胞形态与结构的影响

采用MTT法检测细胞活力,用倒置显微镜、荧光显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察细胞形态与结构的变化,用激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞微管的分布,从而研究了野艾蒿挥发油对HeLa人宫颈癌细胞形态与结构的影响。结果表明:(1)野艾蒿挥发油对HeLa癌细胞的增殖有明显的抑制作用,呈剂量和时间依赖性。(2)野艾蒿挥发油处理HeLa癌细胞24h后,100、200μg/mL实验组细胞体积缩小,核染色质凝集、微绒毛消失、细胞表面有泡状突起,微管解聚,呈现典型的凋亡特征;400μg/mL实验组细胞膜破裂、胞浆内含物外泄,呈明显的坏死特征。(3)野艾蒿挥发油具有抑制HeLa癌细胞增殖的作用,低、中浓度的野艾蒿挥发油诱导细胞凋亡,而高浓度的野艾蒿挥发油引起细胞坏死。