成都市沙河主要绿化树种固碳释氧和降温增湿效益

以成都市沙河植物廊道广泛应用的8种绿化植物为材料,利用LI-6400XT便携式光合测定系统进行了光合生理生态指标的测定,并对其固碳释氧与降温增湿效应进行了量化研究.结果表明:整个生长季节同类植物各季节的单位叶面积固碳释氧和 降温增湿能力表现出夏季＞秋季＞春季.日固碳释氧能力由强到弱为桂花、垂柳、香樟、黄葛树、山杜英、银杏、天竺桂、水杉,年固碳释氧能力由强到弱为垂柳、香樟、黄葛树、银杏、桂花、天竺桂、水杉、山杜英,日降温增湿效果由强到弱为垂柳、山杜英、水杉、天竺桂、黄葛树、香樟、银杏、桂花.据估算,整个沙河植物群落中乔木树种年总固碳量约为5.87×104 t,总释氧量约为4.27×104 t.根据对主要树种固碳释氧和降温增湿能力的分析表明,在树种配置时,垂柳、桂花、山杜英、香樟为优选乔木树种,而银杏的固碳释氧和降温增湿能力较弱,可作为长寿树种和观赏树种适量引种,不宜大面积绿化.     

城市森林建设四种乔木树种蒸腾耗水特征

城市树木与森林作为城市生态系统的重要组成部分,充分发挥其生态环境服务、景观美化和休闲娱乐等功能得到了社会各界越来越广泛的重视.配置合理的城市树木与森林,建设节水型城市森林是水资源短缺地区城市生态建设必须重视的问题之一.以大连市劳动公园4种主要乔木树种雪松(Cedrus deodara)、榉树(Zelkova serrata)、丝棉木(Euonymus bungeanus)及水杉(Metasequoia glyptostroboides)为研究对象,应用TDP(Thermal Dissipation Probe)技术分别对每个树种3个径阶的单株树木蒸腾耗水进行了研究,并测定同期气候环境因子及0～25cm,25～50cm,50～75cm,75～100cm土壤含水量的动态变化.研究结果表明:不同树种生长季内蒸腾耗水具有明显的昼夜变化规律,3个径阶雪松夜间蒸腾量占全天的6.3%～33.9%;榉树占 12.4%～30.8%;丝棉木占6.5%～27.6%;水杉占6.0%～21.1%.受气候环境因子、土壤含水量以及树木生长节律的影响,各树种日蒸腾耗水量从9月以后表现为递减的变化.晴天、雨天与阴天3种典型天气条件下树木液流速率表现出不同的变化特征:晴天液流速率曲线较平缓且峰值范围较宽,液流开始升高时间最早,开始降低时间最晚,液流通量最大;雨天,峰值陡且窄,液流开始升高时间最晚,开始降低时间最早,液流通量最小;阴天表现居中.对各树种在整个生长季内蒸腾量从大到小的排序,径阶为10cm的树种为:丝棉木>榉树;径阶为14cm的树种为:丝棉木>榉树>雪松>水杉;径阶为18cm的树种为:雪松>丝棉木>榉树>水杉;径阶为24cm的树种为:雪松>水杉.     

城市不同森林土壤溶解性有机碳和微生物生物量碳特征

土壤溶解性有机碳(DOC)和微生物生物量碳(MBC)在生态系统碳循环中发挥重要作用。为了解城市森林土壤DOC含量和MBC特征及影响因素,本研究以合肥市城市森林为对象,分析不同植被类型(水杉、香樟、雪松)土壤DOC、MBC年动态特征及影响因素。结果表明:植被类型对土壤DOC含量影响显著(P0.05),0~30 cm土壤DOC含量年均值为水杉林(80.35 mg·kg-1)雪松林(60.13 mg·kg-1)香樟林(43.36 mg·kg-1),且总体上随土层深度的增加而递减;水杉林、雪松林土壤DOC含量夏秋季高于冬季,而香樟林则6月含量最低;0~30 cm土壤MBC年均值大小依次为水杉林(412.84 mg·kg-1)雪松林(358.85 mg·kg-1)香樟林(283.40 mg·kg-1);不同植被类型土壤MBC总体上随土层深度增加而递减,且夏、秋季较高,冬季较低。相关分析表明:水杉林、香樟林土壤DOC、MBC与有机碳显著正相关(P0.01),而雪松林土壤DOC、MBC与根量呈显著正相关(P0.01),表明雪松林根系分泌及分解转化是其土壤活性碳的重要来源。     

浙北地区常见绿化树种光合固碳特征

高固碳能力的树种选择是营造优质碳汇林,发展碳汇林业的重要基础工作.以浙北地区常见的30种造林绿化树种为研究材料,利用LI-6400便携式光合测定仪,测定树木光合日变化及不同光强梯度下光合作用的光响应特性,并根据实验观测值进行计算,对30个树种的日净固碳量和光合生理拟合参数进行Ward法聚类分析和因子分析.结果表明:香樟的固碳量最大((11.374±1.020) g·m-2·d-1),其次为碧桃、垂柳、石栎、无患子,固碳量最小的为红叶李((2.178±0.605) g·m-2·d-1),香樟和红叶李的日净固碳量有极显著差异(P＜0.01);树木的生理特性指标分析进一步反映了树种在浙北地区生长适应性及固碳能力大小,同时,根据树木的生理特性指标进行因子分析和聚类分析的结果,香樟、碧桃在浙北地区生长适应性较好,其次为无患子、垂柳、女贞等;根据树种固碳量及生理指标综合测定分析,建议在浙北地区造林绿化中可以优先选用香樟、碧桃、垂柳、无患子、石栎、女贞这些树种.     

杭州市不同土地利用类型的树木生长和碳固存

随着全球城市化的加剧,城市作为一个受强人类活动支配的生态系统,在显著改变土地利用的同时,也改变了城市内植被的碳吸收和碳储存能力.本文选取杭州具有代表性的2个树种香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)和悬铃木(Platanus acerifolia)为研究对象,调查并测量了720株树木的胸径、株高、株距和冠幅,测量了230株样木近10年的平均轮面积增量,对城市不同土地利用类型上不同树种的碳储存和碳吸收速率进行了估算和比较.结果表明,香樟碳储存为45 kg C·m-2,悬铃木104 kg C·m-2.香樟碳吸收速率在政府机关用地上最大,住宅区最小;而悬铃木在住宅区碳吸收速率远远大干商业区和政府机构用地.冠幅是影响香樟碳吸收速率的主要影响因子,而悬铃木的碳吸收速率与冠幅相关外还受到年龄的影响.在城市土地利用类型中乔木碳吸收是野外相同年龄乔木的5倍甚至更多.     

基于树种影响土壤差异的上海市城市绿化树种初步选择

树种差异对土壤养分因子的影响及其在不同地区差异对于适宜树种选择意义重大。选择上海市的5个树种(悬铃木Platanus acerifolia、香樟Cinnamomum camphora、栾树Koelreuteria paniculata、无患子Sapindus mukorossi和银杏Ginkgo biloba )以方位和距离分9个区域进行土壤采样, 对土壤养分因子的12个指标进行研究。多因素方差分析显示, 长期定植于类似土壤条件下, 树木能够显著影响土壤养分等指标, 但不同区域间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。基于多重比较结果对各指标进行标准化处理、获得综合得分排名发现, 悬铃木具有较好的土壤养分维持能力, 并且在每个区域的养分维持能力均处于最高水平, 而银杏表现最差。银杏维持土壤中量元素能力较好, 香樟维持土壤微量元素能力较好。综合分析得出, 对上海市城市立地土壤养分改良较好的绿化树种为悬铃木, 香樟和无患子次之, 银杏表现最差。     

上海城市森林群落结构对固碳能力的影响

基于上海市区航片数字化、代表性样地群落调查、优势树种生理参数测定和CITYgreen模型软件,对上海城市森林固碳能力进行评估,并探讨群落结构对固碳能力的影响。结果表明:上海城市森林总碳贮量为478472t,年碳固定量为6256t.a-1,平均碳密度为47.80t.hm-2,平均固碳率为0.625t.hm-2.a-1;城市森林的固碳率与郁闭度及群落密度均呈极显著正相关,而与平均胸径负相关;碳密度与郁闭度及平均胸径均呈极显著正相关,而与群落密度无显著相关;低密度高胸径群落比中、高密度群落具有更高的碳密度;混交林碳密度高于纯林,复层林碳密度和固碳率都高于单层林,且固碳能力的差异在一定程度上受平均胸径、群落密度等因子影响。     

大连4种城市绿化乔木树种夜间液流活动特征

夜间液流有助于树木物质运输及其体内水分的补充(water recharge), 它不仅对植物的生长发育具有重要的生理生态学意义, 而且对大尺度植物蒸腾耗水的估算可能产生重要影响。2008年6月1日至8月31日, 以热扩散探针(thermal dissipation probe, TDP)技术对大连市劳动公园内的雪松(Cedrus deodara)、大叶榉(Zelkova schneideriana)、丝棉木(Euonymus bungeanus)和水杉(Metasequoia glyptostroboides) 4种乔木树种的不同径阶样木树干边材液流进行了测定, 并结合同步土壤水分与小气候观测结果分析了树木夜间(18:00至次日5:00)液流特征。实验结果表明, 树木普遍存在可感夜间液流, 夜间液流总量占观测期液流总量的比例在样木个体间呈现显著差异, 其变化范围为0.44%-75.96%; 观测期雨天夜间液流波动活跃, 显著高于晴天, 其单日夜间液流总量可持平, 甚至高于日间液流。相关分析表明: 水汽压亏缺(vapor pressure deficit, VPD)和风速的变化与夜间蒸腾显著相关, 它们能够较好地解释液流变化(R² > 0.6); 树木夜间液流主要用于夜间蒸腾和自身水分补充, 夜间液流现象主要发生在前半夜, 后半夜液流平稳且极接近0, 夜间液流量与相应的日间流量(R² = 0.356, p = 0.00)及胸径(R²_Spearman > 0.80)显著相关, 说明植物本身的结构和生理特点也是影响树木夜间液流的重要因子。单株样木夜间液流占全天总蒸腾量的比例低于14.4%, 如不考虑夜间液流的影响, 根据日间液流通过尺度扩展推算的森林生态系统年蒸腾量可能偏低。     

大连市6种园林树种的光合固碳释氧特性

以大连市园林6种常用园林树种为研究材料,利用LI-6400便携式光合测定仪测定树木的光合生理生态指标,对6种树种的光合固碳释氧能力、光响应参数以及光合速率影响因子进行分析。结果表明:在不同季节同种植物的单位叶面积固碳释氧能力表现为夏季最强。日均单位叶面积固碳释氧能力由强到弱为龙爪槐(Sophora japonica var.pendula)合欢(Albizia julibrissin)光叶榉(Zelkova serrata)槲树(Quercus dentata)悬铃木(Platanus acerifolia)枫杨(Pterocarya stenoptera);日均单株固碳释氧能力由强到弱为悬铃木槲树合欢光叶榉枫杨龙爪槐。气孔导度、蒸腾速率、光合有效辐射和大气CO2浓度是影响光合速率的主要因子。悬铃木、合欢对环境的适应能力较强。根据树种的固碳释氧能力及生理特性,建议在大连地区进行绿化时优选悬铃木、合欢,槲树、龙爪槐也可作为高固碳树种推广。     

上海市不同类型城市森林中小型土壤动物群落结构特征

于2014年4月(春季)、7月(夏季)、10月(秋季)和2015年1月(冬季)对上海市4种城市森林中小型土壤动物群落进行调查,共捕获土壤动物2190只,隶属于6门15纲22个类群,优势类群为线虫纲和蜱螨亚纲,分别占总密度的56.0%和21.8%,常见类群为线蚓科、轮虫纲、弹尾纲和膜翅目,共占总密度的18.7%.不同类型城市森林中小型土壤动物密度存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中,水杉林密度最高,香樟林最低;类群数以近自然林最高,水杉林最低.各林地中小型土壤动物群落结构具有明显的季节动态,整体表现为秋、冬季密度值较高,夏、秋季类群数较高.在垂直分布上,香樟林表聚程度最为突出,近自然林各层分布相对均匀.密度-类群指数(DG)大小顺序为近自然林(6.953)>香樟林(6.351)>悬铃木林(6.313)>水杉林(5.910),该指数可以较好地表征各林地的群落多样性.冗余分析(RDA)显示,土壤容重、土壤有机质、土壤总氮等是影响城市森林中小型土壤动物群落结构的主要环境因子,其中蜱螨亚纲和线蚓科与土壤有机质和总氮呈正相关,双翅目幼虫和轮虫纲与土壤含水量呈正相关.     

The impact of co‐occurring tree and grassland species on carbon sequestration and potential biofuel production

We evaluated how three co‐occurring tree and four grassland species influence potentially harvestable biofuel stocks and above‐ and belowground carbon pools. After 5 years, the tree Pinus strobus had 6.5 times the amount of aboveground harvestable biomass as another tree Quercus ellipsoidalis and 10 times that of the grassland species. P. strobus accrued the largest total plant carbon pool (1375 g C m^?2 or 394 g C m^?2 yr), while Schizachyrium scoparium accrued the largest total plant carbon pool among the grassland species (421 g C m^?2 or 137 g C m^?2 yr). Quercus ellipsoidalis accrued 850 g C m^?2, Q. macrocarpa 370 g C m^?2, Poa pratensis 390 g C m^?2, Solidago canadensis 132 g C m^?2, and Lespedeza capitata 283 g C m^?2. Only P. strobus and Q. ellipsoidalis significantly sequestered carbon during the experiment. Species differed in total ecosystem carbon accumulation from ?21.3 to +169.8 g C m^?2 yr compared with the original soil carbon pool. Plant carbon gains with P. strobus were paralleled by a decrease of 16% in soil carbon and a nonsignificant decline of 9% for Q. ellipsoidalis. However, carbon allocation differed among species, with P. strobus allocating most aboveground in a disturbance prone aboveground pool, whereas Q. ellipsoidalis, allocated most carbon in less disturbance sensitive belowground biomass. These differences have strong implications for terrestrial carbon sequestration and potential biofuel production. For P. strobus, aboveground plant carbon harvest for biofuel would result in no net carbon sequestration as declines in soil carbon offset plant carbon gains. Conversely the harvest of Q. ellipsoidalis aboveground biomass would result in net sequestration of carbon belowground due to its high allocation belowground, but would yield lower amounts of aboveground biomass. Our results demonstrate that plant species can differentially impact ecosystem carbon pools and the distribution of carbon above and belowground.     

亚热带3种树种凋落叶厚度对其分解速率及酶活性的影响

对中国亚热带树种杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)、香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)、银杏(Ginkgo biloba)3个树种在不同凋落物厚度下凋落物分解速率和分解酶活性进行了探究.利用分解网袋法,根据浙江省的平均酸雨水平,在酸雨(pH4.0)条件下设置了凋落物40g、凋落物20g、凋落物10g 3个梯度.结果表明:凋落物分解速率随厚度的增加呈加快的趋势,杉木凋落物10、20、40g的年分解系数K分别为0.24、0.27、0.34,香樟凋落物10、20、40g的年分解系数K分别为0.25、0.3、0.32,银杏凋落物10、20、40g的年分解系数K分别为0.42、0.5、0.58;脲酶活性表现为:凋落叶40g＞凋落叶20g＞凋落叶10g,纤维素酶活性表现为:凋落叶40g、凋落叶20g＞凋落叶10g,蔗糖酶活性表现为:后期凋落叶40g＞凋落叶20g＞凋落叶10g,凋落物分解过程是多种酶共同作用的结果.     

四川盆地亚热带常绿阔叶林凋落叶多酚类物质在不同降雨期间的降解特征

植物多酚类物质是森林凋落物中的重要组分,其含量的多寡在一定程度上决定了凋落物的分解速率。然而,凋落物分解过程中多酚类物质的降解动态仍不十分清楚。因此,以四川盆地亚热带常绿阔叶林最具代表性的3个针叶树种马尾松(Pinus massoniana)、柳杉(Cryptomeria fortunei)、杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)和3个阔叶树种香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)、红椿(Toona ciliata)、麻栎(Quercus acutissima)凋落叶为对象,采用凋落物分解袋法,研究了6种凋落叶多酚类物质在第一年不同降雨期间的降解特征。结果表明:自微量降雨期起至雨季前期止,6种凋落叶多酚类物质具有一致的降解动态,降解率均表现为随着降水量的增加而增加;自雨季后期之后,多酚类物质含量均处于稳定状态。第一个分解年,6种凋落叶多酚类物质降解率大小顺序依次为:红椿(100%)柳杉(97.81%)杉木(94.45%)麻栎(93.67%)马尾松(93.06%)香樟(91.64%)。分解初期旱季两时期(微量降雨期和春季少雨期),6种凋落叶多酚类物质均有较大的降解量,其降解率占全年降解率的42.16%—71.20%。并且,除香樟以外的5种凋落叶多酚类物质大量降解释放发生在雨季前期,占全年降解率的44.46%—55.72%。此外,凋落叶多酚类物质初始含量与其降解率呈显著的二次函数关系。可见,降雨是湿润亚热带常绿阔叶林区凋落物多酚类物质降解的关键驱动因子之一,树种组成是影响凋落物多酚类物质降解的内部因素。     

Contagious dispersal of seeds of synchronously fruiting species beneath invasive and native fleshy‐fruited trees

In subtropical Australia, many native and invasive plant species rely on a shared suite of frugivores, largely birds, for seed dispersal. Many native plants fruit during summer in this region, whereas most invasive plants fruit during winter, thus providing the opportunity for contagious dispersal of seeds beneath synchronously fruiting species. We sampled invasive and native seed rain beneath the canopy of a native summer‐fruiting tree Guioa semiglauca and an invasive winter‐fruiting tree Cinnamomum camphora, in three study sites over the course of a year. In July, during peak fruiting season for C. camphora and other invasive species, seed rain of invasive species was higher beneath C. camphora than G. semiglauca. This was partly due to the invasive tree Ligustrum lucidum, whose seed rain was three times higher beneath C. camphora than beneath the native tree. In February, seed rain of native species was more abundant beneath the canopy of G. semiglauca than beneath C. camphora, despite the fact that C. camphora was also fruiting at this time. This was probably due to the larger fruit crop produced by G. semiglauca at this time of year. Our study provides evidence that the presence of invasive bird‐dispersed plants may facilitate contagious seed dispersal of other invaders, and likewise native species may facilitate seed spread of other native plants.     

Offspring performance and female preference of Pagiophloeus tsushimanus (coleoptera: curculionidae) on three Lauraceae tree species: A potential risk of host shift caused by larval experience

The weevil Pagiophloeus tsushimanus Morimoto (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), native to Eastern Asia, is a wood-boring pest that causes severe damage to camphor trees (Cinnamomum sp.) in Shanghai, China. Other Lauraceae tree species that grew sympatrically with this pest in close proximity could face a potential threat. To assess the potential risks of host shift, we explored the phenotypic associations between preference and performance in P. tsushimanus reared on three Lauraceae tree species. In a no-choice experiment offering branches of each plant as diet material and oviposition sites, we found that individuals reared on Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl (Laurales: Lauraceae) exhibited the strongest performance with shorter development time, higher survival and growth rate in the immature stage, longer longevity and greater fecundity in adults. In contrast, those on novel Lauraceae tree species (Cinnamomum chekiangensis Nakai and Phoebe chekiangensis Shang) had difficulty completing their whole life cycle due to significantly lower survival and reproduction. In a multiple-choice experiment, C. camphora was established as the preferred host. However, we found that the larval experiences on the non-preferred host plants contributed to an increased preference for that plant species. These results indicated that both the preference-performance hypothesis and the Hopkins’ host selection principle are applicable in this weevil under experimental conditions. It is possible that although the weevil performed poorly on two novel Lauraceae tree species, under favourable conditions their surviving offspring could evolve into a new host-specific population. Consequently, this weevil pest needs to be monitored on these novel Lauraceae tree species.     

Quantifying carbon storage and sequestration by native and non-native forests under contrasting climate types

Non-native trees may have significant impacts on the carbon sink capacity of forested lands. However, large-scale patterns of the relative capacity of native and non-native forests to uptake and store carbon remain poorly described in the literature, and this information is urgently needed to support management decisions. In this study, we analyzed 17,065 plots from the Spanish Forest Inventory (covering c. 30 years) to quantify carbon storage and sequestration of natural forests and plantations of native and non-native trees under contrasting climate types, while controlling for the effects of environmental factors (forest structure, climate, soil, topography, and management). We found that forest origin (non-native vs. native) highly influenced carbon storage and sequestration, but such effect was dependent on climate. Carbon storage was greater in non-native than in native forests in both wet and dry climates. Non-native forests also had greater carbon sequestration than native ones in the wet climate, due to higher carbon gains by tree growth. However, in the dry climate, native forests had greater carbon gains by tree ingrowth and lower carbon loss by tree mortality than non-native ones. Furthermore, forest type (classified by the dominant species) and natural forests versus tree plantations were important determinants of carbon storage and sequestration. Native and non-native Pinus spp. forests had low carbon storage, whereas non-native Eucalyptus spp. forests and native Quercus spp., Fagus sylvatica, and Eurosiberian mixed forests (especially not planted ones) had high carbon storage. Carbon sequestration was greatest in Eucalyptus globulus, Quercus ilex, and Pinus pinaster forests. Overall, our findings suggest that the relative capacity of native and non-native forests to uptake and store carbon depends on climate, and that the superiority of non-native forests over native ones in terms of carbon sequestration declines as the abiotic filters become stronger (i.e., lower water availability and higher climate seasonality).     

年龄效应对香樟古树程序性衰老的影响

以福建省三明市6个树龄阶段(0~49、50~149、150~349、350~549、550~749和750~900 a)香樟为研究对象,通过分析其生长发育规律、形态学和生理特征的变化,结合曲线拟合与遗传算法筛选表征衰老的相关指标,评价树龄与衰老的相关性,探讨香樟古树衰老机制,为香樟年龄预测、古树复壮和保护提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)年龄极显著地影响着古香樟的植株形态、叶片解剖结构及生理机能等生长发育指标,并以生理指标的年龄效应最大,其次为植株形态指标,最小的是解剖结构指标。(2)香樟呈现出程序性衰老的特征为:叶片细胞在130 a、叶片解剖结构和生理代谢在400 a、树皮厚度和新梢粗度在450 a先后进入衰老阶段,但香樟树体的离心生长(梢长、冠幅和胸径)在0~900 a内仍一直处于旺盛生长,还未进入衰老阶段。(3)冠幅和新叶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性可作为单指标来评价香樟独立木的衰老程度,树皮厚度、冠幅、新叶SOD活性、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性和栅栏组织与海绵组织比为参数构成的模型可作为古香樟年龄预测模型。研究认为,古香樟的保护和复壮,应先从叶片细胞着手,提高其生理功能,特别是提高其抗氧化能力,保护叶细胞结构完整,以保障叶片处在持续高效的光合状态。     

高温天气植被蒸腾与遮荫降温效应的变化特征

开展城市中不同树种植被遮荫与蒸腾降温效应的量化研究是科学优化植被温度调控服务的重要基础。以南京市栖霞区某小型绿地单元为研究区,对高温晴朗天气下不同树种典型植株树干液流进行了观测,采用"单位叶面积上的平均液流速率×叶面积指数"的扩展方法实现了由单株到林分尺度上冠层蒸腾量与蒸腾降温效应的估算,并根据林上、林下太阳辐射值计算了不同树种与整个绿地单元的遮荫降温效应,进而阐明了蒸腾与遮荫降温对总降温效应贡献率的变化特征。研究结果表明:1)3个树种树干液流均呈现昼高夜低的变化趋势,树干液流通常在6:00左右启动,正午前后达到峰值,且存在明显的"午休"现象,而在同一树种内树干液流会随着胸径的增大而显著增大;2)林分尺度上的冠层蒸腾量与蒸腾降温效应均为杨树雪松香樟,杨树峰或谷出现的时间(11:00—19:00)均明显晚于雪松(10:00—15:00)和香樟(9:00—16:00);3)3个树种遮荫降温效应总体上与太阳辐射的日变化规律基本一致,但树种间日平均降温效应的差异较小;4)3个树种与整个小型绿地单元的总降温效应在夜间均非常微弱,且全部为蒸腾降温,而在白天遮荫对总降温的贡献率(60%—75%)则明显高于蒸腾降温(25%—40%)。     

南亚热带红锥、杉木纯林与混交林碳贮量比较

造林再造林作为新增碳汇的一种有效途径,受到国际社会的广泛关注。如何通过改变林分树种组成,优化造林模式提高人工林生态系统碳贮量已成为国内外学者关注的重点。通过样方调查和生物量实测相结合的方法,对南亚热带26年生红锥纯林(PCH)、杉木纯林(PCL)及红锥×杉木混交林(MCC)生态系统各组分碳含量、碳贮量及其分配特征进行了比较研究。结果表明:杉木、红锥各器官平均碳含量分别为492.1—545.7 g/kg和486.7—524.1 g/kg。相同树种不同器官以及不同树种的相同器官间碳含量差异显著(P0.05)。红锥各器官碳含量的平均值(521.3 g/kg)高于杉木(504.7 g/kg)。不同林分间地被物碳含量大小顺序为PCHMCCPCL;不同树种之间的土壤碳含量差异显著(P0.05),0—100 cm土壤平均碳含量为PCLMCCPCH。生态系统碳贮量大小顺序为PCL(169.49 t/hm2)MCC(141.18 t/hm2)PCL(129.20 t/hm2),相同组分不同林分以及相同林分的不同组分碳贮量均存在显著差异(P0.05)。造林模式对人工林碳贮量及其分配规律有显著影响,营建混交林有利于红锥生物量和土壤碳的累积,而营建纯林有利于杉木人工林生物量碳的吸收,也有利于土壤碳的固定。因而,混交林的固碳功能未必高于纯林,在选择碳汇林的造林模式时,应以充分考虑不同树种的固碳特性。