湖北省玉米地方品种的因子分析

对188份湖北省玉米地方品种的23个性状进行了因子分析,结果前7个公因子对变异的累计贡献率达79.9%。因子分析表明,7个独立的公因子较真实地反映了所支配的23个性状及其相互关系。 Abstract:Factor analysis was performed for 23 traits of 188 local varieties of Maize(Zea mays L.)in Hubei Province.The results indicated that the contributive rate of the first seven factors to total variation of population studied accounts for over 79.9%.Factor analysis showed that the seven independent factors may more truly reflecte the 23 traits and their relationship.     

大蒜种质产量和品质性状主成分聚类分析与综合评价

以40个大蒜品种为供试材料,依据数值分类学的性状选择原则,分别于大蒜生长期和采收后进行农艺性状指标的采集。估算40个大蒜品种16个农艺性状及4个品质指标的主成分,并以前3个主成分和遗传相似性系数为基础,分别作二维散点图和系统聚类分析。40份大蒜品种前7个主成分累计贡献率达85%。根据品种性状主成分表现,评选出性状优良的大蒜品种共10个。在聚类图中,在0.14的遗传相似性水平上可以把40份品种分成4类,即由5份种质组成的类群Ⅰ;由28份种质聚成的类群Ⅱ;由改良蒜等4份种质组成的类群Ⅲ,及苏联蒜等3份种质组成的类群Ⅳ。全部种质的遗传相似性系数在0.07～0.64之间,很好地揭示了品种类群间存在的亲缘关系。     

云南割手密血缘F1创新种质的因子和聚类分析

对70份云南割手密血缘F1创新种质材料8个农艺性状进行了因子和聚类分析,因子分析中8个公因子保留前3个公因子,其累计贡献率达79.35%。第1公因子中载荷值较大的是单产、含糖量、有效茎数、出苗率和分蘖率等性状;第2公因子中起主导作用的性状是茎径和株高两个产量因子;第3公因子只有11月理论蔗糖分起主导作用。以70份创新材料3个公因子的因子得分为指标,采用系统聚类中的最长距离法进行聚类分析。在遗传距离2.4处,参试材料被聚为10类,其中占参试材料总数50%的第Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅹ类材料,表现高产;占参试材料72.8%的第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ类材料,表现高糖,特别是其中占参试材料38.6%的Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ类材料,11月理论蔗糖分均高于12%;占参试材料总数38.6%的第Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅶ类材料,表现高产、高糖。本结果为有针对性地利用这些材料,培育高产、高糖创新亲本提供了科学依据。     

云南割手密血缘F1代创新种质的因子和聚类分析

本试验对70份云南割手密血缘F1代创新种质材料8个工农艺性状进行了因子和聚类分析。因子分析中8个公因子保留前3个公因子,其累计贡献率达79.35%。第1公因子中载荷值较大的是单产、含糖量、公顷有效茎数、出苗率和分蘖率等性状;第2公因子中起主导作用的性状是茎径和株高两个产量因子;第3公因子只有11月理论蔗糖分起主导作用。以70份创新材料3个公因子的因子得分为指标,采用系统聚类中的最长距离法进行系统聚类分析。在遗传距离2.4处,参试材料被聚为十类,其中占参试材料总数的38.6%的第Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅹ五类材料,表现高产;占参试材料82.8%的第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ七类材料,表现高糖,特别是其中占参试材料52.8%的Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ四类材料,11月理论蔗糖分均高于12%;占参试材料总数30%的第I、Ⅳ、Ⅶ三类材料,表现高产、高糖。这个分类结果为有针对性的利用这些创新种质材料培育高产、高糖创新亲本提供了科学依据。     

27份花生种质资源的主成份分析及遗传距离测定

摘要：本文对27份花生种质资源的10个主要农艺性状表现进行了变异和主成份分析,结果表明：单株秕果数、单株结果数、主茎高与单株双仁果数变异系数较大;前4个主成份对变异的累计贡献率达84.98%。根据各种质资源的主成份值判断其表现特点,选出了综合性状比较理想的10份品种作为育种亲本。利用各种质资源的前4个主成份值计算各品种间的遗传距离,按遗传距离大小在D2=3.21水平下将27份种质资源聚类划分为6大类群,其中Ⅱ类群品种数最多(16份),该类群品种综合性状也表现较好,大多可为育种亲本利用或推广种植提供选择。     

上海地区芸薹属蔬菜遗传多样性研究

利用SSR分子标记分析和农艺性状鉴定对上海地区的17份甘蓝、44份白菜,共61份芸薹属蔬菜进行遗传多样性评价。UPGMA聚类结果显示,61份材料被聚类为两大类,甘蓝类和白菜类,其中白菜型蔬菜品种的相似系数在0．96～0．77之间,甘蓝型蔬菜品种的相似系数在0．93～0．63之间。聚类分析的结果说明,上海地区的甘蓝类蔬菜遗传多样性比较丰富,而白菜类蔬菜的遗传基础比较单一,急需保护现有的白菜型蔬菜品种的种质资源,防止遗传流失。本实验还说明通过SSR分子标记技术与农艺性状鉴定相结合,综合评价芸薹属蔬菜的遗传多样性比采用单一的方法更加准确有效。     

大杯香菇辐射选育新株系数量性状的因子分析

对20个大杯香菇品种和辐射选育新株系的数量性状进行因子分析.结果表明,20个大杯香菇品种和辐射选育新株系的18个数量性状,可提取为7个公因子,其累积方差贡献率达91.85 %,代表了所有性状绝大部分相关信息.按照主因子所包含的性状及其所反映的生物学、营养学和酶学含义,可把7个主因子命名并按方差贡献大小顺序排列为：促长因子1、CAT活性因子2、营养质量因子3、MDA因子7、化学评分因子4、氨基酸比值系数分因子5、粗壮因子6.从主因子出发进行大杯香菇辐射育种,可以加大目标性状的针对性的选择效率,比较容易获得综合数量性状优良的新品种.     

广州地区19个引进龙眼品种果实品质的评价与分类

对广州地区引进的19个龙眼(Dimocarps longan)品种的果实品质进行了评价与分类研究。结果表明：在表观性状方面,除品种间肉质、果形差异较大外,其它性状差异不大,部分性状之间具有一定的关联性;小果或薄皮的品种一般可溶性固形物含量较高,薄皮、厚肉或横扁的品种一般可食率较高。运用分层聚类的方法,依据各品质指标将品种划分为3类; 运用基于主成分分析的因子分析法,将8个品质指标用3个主成分来表示(累计贡献率达88.27%);确定简化后的品质评价指标为单果质量、果形指数、可食率和肉厚率,并依据因子得分和简化指标对19个品种进行聚类,两种聚类结果基本一致。     

菜用甘薯新品系主要品质特征的因子分析与综合评价

菜用甘薯是一种新型蔬菜用甘薯品种,具有重要的营养保健功效。菜用甘薯的品质分析与评价是其品种选育和综合利用过程中的重要环节。本研究的目的是建立一种高效适合的菜用甘薯品质评价方法,探讨影响品质综合评价的重要影响因子,为优质菜用甘薯的选育和综合利用提供依据。本研究测定了11份菜用甘薯新品系的8项指标,通过因子分析的方法筛选影响菜用甘薯品质的关键因子,然后利用筛选出的因子综合评价菜用甘薯的品质特征。结果表明,11份菜用甘薯新品系共提取了3个公因子,前3个公因子累计贡献率达76.671%,其中影响菜用品质的关键因子依次为:蛋白质、总膳食纤维和食味组成的公因子1;灰分、总黄酮和总酚组成的公因子2;可溶性糖组成的公因子3。二维排序图共筛选出6个综合性状表现优良的品系,分别为:EC04、EC05、EC06、EC08、EC12和EC13,这些品系可以用于进一步的品种选育。     

中国17个优良玉米自交系的分子标记杂合性及其与杂交种性状的关系研究

在玉米单交种育种中 ,鉴定高产杂交种和具有优良特性的自交系是一个重要的问题。研究以 1 7个优良玉米自交系为亲本 ,按照双列杂交配组合 ,利用 RAPD技术分析了 1 7个自交系的多态性以及 RAPD标记与 9个重要农艺性状 (包括产量 )的关系。基于 RAPD标记计算的相似系数聚类将 1 7个自交系分为 5个类群 ,经分析与系谱亲缘关系基本一致。杂交种性状及其特殊配合力与亲本间的遗传距离是高度相关的 ,与聚类前比较 ,聚类后平均遗传距离与平均产量、平均特殊配合力的相关系数显著提高 ,类间平均产量高于类内平均产量。RAPD技术可揭示优良玉米自交系的系谱亲缘关系 ,将自交系划分成不同的类群 ,从而为选择类间自交系杂交 ,进行亲本选配和分子标记辅助育种提供一种方法。     

The Effects of Varying Chromosome Arm Dosage on Maize Plant Morphogenesis

Maize is an especially well-suited species for studying the effects of aneuploidy on plant development. We used B-A translocations and testers that were crossed seven times into inbred W22 to generate a dosage series for 14 chromosome arms. This is the first report of dosage effects on maize morphogenesis using inbred B-A stocks and inbred tester stocks. We compared plants containing one dose or three doses of each of the 14 chromosome arms with plants containing two doses for seven measured traits. These were leaf width, leaf length, plant height, ear height, internode length, ear node circumference, and tassel branch number. We observed the typical maize aneuploid syndrome wherein one dose was more widespread and more severe in its effects than three doses. All but two of the one-dose effects were negative, and all of the three-dose effects were negative. The occurrence of positive responses by hyperploid plants in our earlier B-A-A study and the absence of any positive responses among the hyperploids reported for the 14 simple B-A translocations tested for dosage effects in the present study and previously may reflect gene dosage interaction between the two chromosome arm segments present in the B-A-A translocations. The overall congruence of our results with those of previous studies suggests that the traits measured are quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes whose activities provide a balanced regulation that transcends individual inbred lines or diverse genetic backgrounds and that such genes may be especially abundant in chromosome arm 1L.     

Relationship between linear type and fertility traits in Nguni cows

The objective of the study was to assess the dimensionality of seven linear traits (body condition score, body stature, body length, heart girth, navel height, body depth and flank circumference) in Nguni cows using factor analysis and indicate the relationship between the extracted latent variables and calving interval (CI) and age at first calving (AFC). The traits were measured between December 2012 and November 2013 on 1559 Nguni cows kept under thornveld, succulent karoo, grassland and bushveld vegetation types. Low partial correlations (−0.04 to 0.51), high Kaiser statistic for measure of sampling adequacy scores and significance of the Bartlett sphericity test (P<0.01) showed that there were significant phenotypic correlations between the linear traits and the data were suitable for factor analysis. Two factors had eigenvalues >1. Factor 1 included body condition score, body depth, flank circumference and heart girth and represented body capacity of cows. Factor 2 included body length, body stature and navel height and represented frame size of cows. CI and AFC decreased linearly with increase of factor 1. There was a quadratic increase in AFC as factor 2 increased (P<0.05). It was concluded that the linear type traits under study can be grouped into two distinct factors, one linked to body capacity and the other to the frame size of the cows. Small-framed cows with large body capacities have shorter CI and AFC.     

Evaluation of maize genotypes for fodder quality traits and SSR diversity

Maize is an important fodder resource for ruminants. The yield and quality of fodder is governed by genetic variability and interaction of genotypes with environment. Therefore, it is prerequisite to evaluate the available variability for fodder traits in maize. For this, 75 genotypes were evaluated in three replications for 2 years. Data were recorded on eight morphological traits including green fodder yield and dried fodder samples were evaluated for eight fodder quality traits. Wide range of estimates for fodder quality and productivity characters except DFF and LSR reflects the existence of significant variations among genotypes. ANOVA revealed significant variety × year interaction for seven traits. Plant height, stem girth, leaf-length and -width demonstrated positive correlation with green fodder yield per plant. Inverse association was observed between crude protein and cell wall component (NDF, hemicellulose). First three principle components explained 44.28% of the total variation. Two-way clustering grouped the genotypes and traits into five and three major clusters, respectively. During SSR analysis, a total of 133 alleles from 21 primers were generated with mean PIC value was 0.58. The genetic distance between genotypes was ranging between 0.16 and 0.75 with an average of 0.49. All genotypes were clustered in three main groups and clustering was consistent with genotype origin. A weak correlation was identified between morphological and molecular distance. Eventually results suggested that both morphotypes and molecular markers should exploit simultaneously to reveal the true genetic diversity to get maximum heterosis through hybridization.     

Estimates of heritability and correlations of morphometric traits in Clarkia (Onagraceae)

Summary Interspecific heritability values were estimated using parent-offspring regression analyses for 11 morphological traits differentiating Clarkia nitens and C. speciosa subsp. polyantha. Estimates ranged from near 0 for anther color and germination percentage, to 0.8 for calyx length and petal tip color. Phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlation matrices were computed to determine the extent of interspecific correlations of traits. Cluster analyses of the genetic and environmental correlation matrices each resulted in three clusters of correlated traits; however, the clusters derived from the two matrices were different. The clusters produced by analysis of the environmental correlation matrix were similar to the factors obtained from principal component analysis of the phenotypic correlation matrix. Genetic correlations may result from strong linkage due to interspecific chromosomal differences.     

橡胶树栽培种质农艺性状的相关性和聚类分析

以我国国家橡胶树种质资源圃保存的119份橡胶树栽培种为材料,对叶蓬形状、叶面绿色程度等21个农艺性状进行比较分析。结果表明,遗传多样性指数平均值为0.83,叶痕形状最高为1.20,蜜腺表面形态为0.27,且性状数据分布集中;各性状中变异系数最大的大叶柄形状为60.03,蜜腺表面形态最小为9.08,平均值为33.88;叶面绿色程度和叶面光泽度、叶片形状与叶片基部形状等7对性状相关性极显著;21个性状可聚为2大类,119份供试材料中,同一品种来源地、亲本和子代、具有类似品种特性(抗寒性)等类型的品种聚为一类。分析结果可供橡胶树种质资源鉴定和杂交亲本选配参考。     

Multivariate approach to the analysis of the growth processes in the peripuberty period of human ontogeny

Factor analysis by principal components with the Warimax rotation has been conducted on 26 anthropometric traits of 2200 children aged 6.75 to 17.25. Mean values of traits have been calculated at half-year intervals within each sex. Two orthogonal components accounting 96.5% of the total variation have been chosen. Individual factor values have been analysed to determine their relationship with age. The classification of objects is constructed by the cluster analysis in the space of factors. Four different morphological types within each sex have been found. The age limits between the revealed clusters differ for both sexes.     

不同种源厚朴苗期性状变异及主成分分析

基于厚朴（Magnolia officinalis）作为一种传统中药植物及分布区域广、环境异质化程度明显的现象,采用田间种源实验,对分布在中国7个省的14个种源厚朴苗期的生长性状进行了观测分析。结果表明,不同种源厚朴的苗期生长性状差异显著。种源遗传力分析表明,苗高和单株叶面积两个性状的遗传力较高,分别为0.93、0.79,可认为以苗高和单株叶面积为主的种源多性状综合选择改良潜力巨大。相关性分析表明各性状间遗传相关、表型相关、环境相关均存在一定的相关关系,单株叶面积和地上部生长性状的遗传相关程度高于地下部生长性状,表型显著相关的性状组合数量和程度低于遗传相关。厚朴苗期种源选择的首选因子为各生物量及单数叶面积性状,辅助因子为苗高和地径。通过系统聚类分析,初步选定景宁、武夷山、龙胜、开县、城固、宁强及洋县的种源为优良厚朴种源。