伊曲康唑治疗肝衰竭合并侵袭性肺部真菌感染患者的疗效和安全性分析

目的 评价伊曲康唑治疗肝衰竭合并侵袭性肺部真菌感染患者的疗效和安全性.方法 回顾性分析伊曲康唑治疗肝衰竭合并侵袭性肺部真菌感染患者的有效性和安全性.治疗方法:静脉注射伊曲康唑0.2g静脉滴注q12h 1天或者2天后改为伊曲康唑0.2g静脉滴注qd,疗程2～4周.结果 共有16例患者符合入选标准和排除标准纳入本研究,男女比例为3∶1.其中4例由白色念珠菌感染所造成,4例为热带念珠菌感染,8例为曲霉感染.临床结果:4例肝衰竭合并白色念珠菌感染患者,其中3例治愈出院,1例死于肝衰竭.4例肝衰竭合并热带假丝酵母感染患者,其中2例治愈出院,1例死于肺部感染,1例死于肝衰竭.8例肝衰竭合并肺曲菌病感染患者中,5例感染控制,其中2例治愈出院,2例接受肝移植,1例死于肝衰竭.3例肺部感染加重,死于呼吸衰竭.结论 伊曲康唑治疗肝衰竭合并侵袭性肺部真菌感染安全有效,可以作为治疗肝衰竭合并侵袭性肺部真菌感染患者的选择.     

伊曲康唑序贯疗法治疗老年MODS患者侵袭性肺部真菌感染14例

目的 观察伊曲康唑序贯疗法治疗老年多脏器功能障碍综合征（MODS）患者侵袭性肺部真菌感染的疗效。方法 回顾分析重症监护病房（ICU）中,老年MODS患者侵袭性真菌感染14例,最初应用伊曲康唑注射液7～14d,第1～2d,200mg,1次／12h,第3～14d,200mg,1次／d;然后,采用伊曲康唑胶囊或口服液序贯治疗,400mg／d剂量水平,疗程2—4周。结果 临床有效率85．7％,真菌清除率为92．9％,真菌清除平均天数为6．1d;患者28d生存率85．7％,不良反应发生率为42．9％。结论 对老年MODS合并侵袭性真菌感染患者在综合治疗的基础上,应用广谱抗真菌药物——伊曲康唑序贯疗法,是巩固疗效,防止复发值得推广的给药方式。临床应用伊曲康唑时,应注意适应证、药物不良反应及药物的相互作用。     

烧伤后系统性真菌感染的防治:13例病例总结

对我科13例烧伤患者系统性真菌感染病例的临床特点、预防和治疗情况进行分析,结果显示本组系统性真菌感染的病例发生在烧伤2周以后,主要为白念珠菌,合并细菌感染是较为突出的特点。发生系统性真菌感染前1~7d曾服用伊曲康唑胶囊进行预防;肺和肠道是最早出现感染症状的脏器,但尿检阳性往往最早,患者可同时感染不同种类真菌;伤情严重、合并细菌感染、新药尚未普及是治疗困难、死亡率高的原因;及时、足量、持久的抗真菌治疗配合其他措施可取得较好的疗效。合理使用抗生素、尽快修复创面是关键性措施。     

128例侵袭性肺曲霉病临床疗效分析

目的 通过回顾性病例分析,加强对侵袭性肺曲霉病的认识,重视对侵袭性肺曲霉病的分级诊断,从而制定合理治疗方案.方法 对四川大学华西医院201 1年1 ～12月128例诊断为侵袭性肺曲霉病患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,重点分析基础疾病、临床表现、影像学表现、诊断及治疗方法.结果 确诊17例;依据宿主危险因素、临床表现及反复痰培养阳性拟诊111例.128例患者均伴有基础疾病.治疗方案包括伏立康唑（86例）,两性霉素B脂质体（1例）,伊曲康唑（12例）,米卡芬净（3例）,卡泊芬净（3例）,两性霉素B去氧胆酸盐（10例）,伏立康唑联合米卡芬净（1例）.治愈或好转81例（63.28％）,自动出院24例（18.75％）,死亡23例（17.97％）.结论 侵袭性肺曲霉病患者多数伴有多种感染危险因素,应当重视侵袭性肺曲霉病的分级诊断,据不同情况给予适当抗真菌治疗,以降低患者病死率.     

罕见的侵袭性肺枝孢样枝孢霉病1例

报道1例由枝孢样枝孢霉引起的肺部感染,患者女,52岁,主因"反复咳嗽、咳痰1年余,加重伴气短3周"就诊。根据肺泡灌洗液液基薄层形态学检查、G实验、真菌培养及药物敏感实验的结果诊断为"侵袭性肺枝孢样枝孢霉病",经伊曲康唑0.4g/d抗真菌治疗、头孢他啶抗细菌感染治疗后,病情好转出院。     

ICU内侵袭性真菌感染临床分析及药敏情况

目的 分析重症加强病房(ICU)内侵袭性真菌感染的临床状况、病原菌菌群分布及耐药情况,为临床治疗及减少真菌感染提供参考依据.方法 回顾性分析3年来真菌培养阳性住院患者病例资料,从感染部位、菌种分布、真菌耐药情况等方面进行分析.结果 ICU中侵袭性真菌感染发生率为8.6％;尿液、痰液和血液分别为36.6％、28.8％和11.8％;真菌感染以假丝酵母菌为主要菌属(94.3％),白色假丝酵母菌占51.6％,是感染主要菌种;5种常见抗真菌药物敏感率最高的是两性霉素平均为99.8％,其次为伏立康唑;光滑念珠菌及热带念珠菌耐药比较严重,氟康唑(FLU)的敏感率分别为41.1％、17.6％,伊曲康唑的敏感性分别为6.1％、35.3％.结论 白色假丝酵母菌是ICU侵袭性真菌感染感染的主要病原菌;两性霉素及伏立康唑对5种念珠菌有较好的抗菌活性.     

伊曲康唑口服联合外用抗真菌药物治疗泛发性体癣的疗效观察

伊曲康唑口服治疗浅部真菌感染已在临床得到广泛应用并取得良好效果。我们在2009年3～9月,采用伊曲康唑口服联合外用抗真菌药治疗33例泛发性体癣患者,取得了满意的临床和真菌学疗效,现报道如下。     

肺普通裂褶菌感染并肺不张1例并文献复习

普通裂褶菌(Schizophyllum commune,S.commune)是一种丝状真菌,为条件致病菌,引起人深部侵袭性感染国内报道罕见。我院收治了1例免疫功能正常患者肺部感染S.commune,广东人,既往体健,临床表现为反复出现的非刺激性咳嗽、咳黄白色黏液痰,胸部CT示右肺上叶肺不张并黏液栓,纤支镜下可见右肺上叶黏液栓堵塞及大量黄色脓性分泌物,肺泡灌洗液培养出S.commune,给予伊曲康唑抗真菌治疗1周后症状好转出院,出院后继续服用伊曲康唑3个月,随访复查胸部CT示病灶吸收,右肺上叶完全复张,提示抗真菌治疗有效。     

侵袭性肺曲霉病10例临床分析

目的:提高对侵袭性肺曲霉病(IPA)的认识,早期诊断、早期治疗.方法:回顾性对我院10例侵袭性肺曲霉病的临床资料并进行分析.结果:10例患者均符合侵袭性肺曲霉病的诊断,6例患者通过纤支镜活检确诊,4例通过刷检及痰培养结果临床诊断,纤支镜下主要表现为粘膜充血水肿、息肉样肿物或伪膜性气道支气管炎,经伊曲康唑口服治疗,10例患者均能达到临床治愈.结论:侵袭性肺曲霉病症状不典型,纤支镜检查对早期诊断有重要意义,对于轻中症患者,伊曲康唑口服治疗经济有效.     

下呼吸道真菌感染的临床特点及耐药性分析

目的探讨住院患者下呼吸道真菌感染的临床特点,对其耐药性进行分析,以指导临床合理用药。方法回顾性调查2008年1月至2009年12月间安徽医科大学第一附属医院发生下呼吸道真菌感染的病例,并进行统计学分析。结果 374例下呼吸道真菌感染患者检出白色念珠菌253例(67.6%),光滑念珠菌74例(19.8%),热带念珠菌28例(7.5%),克柔念珠菌10例(2.7%),其他假丝酵母菌3例(0.8%),毛霉菌4例(1.1%),烟曲霉菌2例(0.5%)。本组资料药敏结果显示各种真菌对多种抗真菌药物敏感率较高,其中两性霉素B、伏立康唑和氟康唑的敏感率较高,而伊曲康唑的耐药率最高,达到12.2%。结论下呼吸道真菌感染仍以白色念珠菌感染为主,光滑念珠菌和热带念珠菌其次,3种念珠菌占总分离真菌的94.9%,5种抗真菌药物的耐药率以伊曲康唑最高,社区获得性感染患者预后明显优于医院感染患者。     

768例肺结核患者下呼吸道感染致病菌耐药性探讨

目的探讨肺结核患者合并下呼吸道感染的致病菌及其耐药性。方法对768例确诊的肺结核患者进行痰和／或支气管肺泡灌洗液进行细菌培养。结果革兰阴性菌596株,占58．1％,对哌拉西林／舒巴坦及头孢哌N／舒巴坦耐药率在5．7％-14．3％。革兰阳性菌201株,占19．6％,对万古霉素耐药率为0。真菌228株,占22．2％,对伊曲康唑耐药,耐药率为10．6％。结论肺结核患者下呼吸道感染,以革兰阴性菌为主,真菌比例呈上升趋势。     

老年肺结核并存糖尿病合并下呼吸道真菌感染的临床分析

目的探讨老年肺结核并存糖尿病患者合并下呼吸道真菌感染的病原学特征和耐药情况,为今后真菌感染的预防和治疗提供病原学依据。方法对浙江大学西溪校区校医院2009年1月至2013年12月共计127例老年肺结核并存糖尿病患者合并下呼吸道真菌感染的病例进行回顾性分析,研究其病原菌分布及耐药特征;采用ATB自动细菌鉴定仪及配套鉴定药敏条进行试验,按CLSI标准判定药敏结果,用WHONET 5.6软件分析数据。结果 127株真菌主要为白假丝酵母菌,占59.8%,其次为热带假丝酵母菌,占13.4%,药敏结果显示5种主要酵母样真菌对伊曲康唑的耐药率最高,对5-氟胞嘧啶和两性霉素B全敏感。结论从老年肺结核并存糖尿病患者下呼吸道中分离出的真菌对常用抗真菌药物已具有一定的耐药性,临床应加强监测与控制,并根据药敏试验结果合理用药。     

继发肺结核合并两株不同表型烟曲霉感染病例1例

患者,男,69岁,因反复咳嗽、咳痰8个月,加重伴咯血4 d就诊。患者7年前曾患肺结核,抗痨治疗1年后治愈。就诊后第1次纤支镜灌洗液标本宏基因组二代测序检出结核分枝杆菌,血清和纤支镜灌洗液曲霉抗原半乳甘露聚糖试验阳性,第2次纤支镜灌洗液真菌培养出两种形态的烟曲霉(白色株和蓝绿色典型株),两株烟曲霉药敏试验结果相同且具有高度同源性。临床诊断继发肺结核合并侵袭性烟曲霉感染,予抗痨、伏立康唑抗真菌治疗,出院后继续抗痨,抗真菌治疗,定期随访复查胸部CT及痰涂片查抗酸杆菌。     

Pulmonary Mucormycosis due to Lichtheimia ramosa in a Patient with HIV Infection

Mucormycosis is increasingly common in patients with risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, neutropenia, and corticosteroid therapy. However, mucormycosis seems to be less common in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection compared to patients with other risk factors. Despite their lower virulence, Lichtheimia species should be regarded as emerging pathogens among Mucoralean fungi. We report a fatal case of pulmonary mucormycosis due to Lichtheimia ramosa in a 52-year-old man with an end-stage HIV infection. He had a cachectic appearance and his CD4 count was 8 cells/mm³. The fungal infection was diagnosed based on a positive sputum culture with histopathologic confirmation. The fungus was resistant to caspofungin, anidulafungin, and voriconazole [minimum inhibitory concentration (MCI) >32 µg/ml], whereas the E test MIC values of itraconazole, posaconazole, and amphotericin B were 0.38, 0.38, and 0.5 µg/ml, respectively. Although intravenous drug use is the main risk factor for the development of mucormycosis in HIV-infected patients, it may also develop in patients with low CD4 count, opportunistic infections and/or additional diseases, such as Kaposi’s sarcoma or severe immunodeficiency, as in our case.     

多发性骨髓瘤并发上消化道侵袭性念珠菌病2例报道及文献复习

目的 探讨多发性骨髓瘤(Multiple myeloma,MM)并发上消化道侵袭性念珠菌病的临床特点,提高诊治该病的水平.方法 回顾分析我科2例多发性骨髓瘤并发上消化道侵袭性念珠菌病的诊治过程,分析、总结治疗经验,并结合文献复习骨髓瘤并发上消化道侵袭性念珠菌感染的易感因素、临床表现、诊断和鉴别诊断及治疗.结果 MM患者1,女性,异基因造血干细胞移植术后4个月发生腹泻伴腹部隐痛,抗移植物抗宿主病(graftversus host disease,GVHD)治疗无效,经胃镜诊断上消化道念珠菌病,予卡泊芬净治愈出院.MM患者2,男性,化疗过程中疾病进展,并出现腹胀、腹痛,对症处理改善,再次化疗时上述症状加重并发肺部念珠菌病,发生急性心、肾功能不全,经胃镜诊断上消化道念珠菌病,予伊曲康唑、米卡芬净治疗,最终因肺部真菌感染加重,治疗无效死亡.结论 多发性骨髓瘤并发上消化道侵袭性念珠菌病易发生误诊、漏诊.临床医生需提高对该病的认识,首选电子胃镜明确诊断、判断疗效.     

多层螺旋CT对肺结核合并肺癌患者的诊断价值

目的:研究多层螺旋CT对肺结核合并肺癌的鉴别诊断价值。方法:选择2013年3月至2015年9月在我院确诊的肺结核合并肺癌患者32例和单纯肺结核患者39例应用多层螺旋CT扫描患者肺部病变情况。结果:肺结核合并肺癌组:陈旧性肺结核28例、活动性肺结核4例;病灶位置经典部位29例、非经典部位3例,合并鳞癌11例、腺癌13例、小细胞癌5例、未分化癌3例;10例结核病灶与肺癌病灶不同侧、13例结核病灶与肺癌病灶同侧不同叶、9例结核病灶于肺癌病灶同侧同叶。单纯性肺结核组胨旧性肺结核36例、活动性肺结核3例;病灶位置经典部位34例(上叶尖段11例、后段9例、下叶背段14例)、非经典部位5例。肺结核合并肺癌组患者分叶征、毛刺征、胸膜凹陷征、阻塞性肺炎及肺不张以及棘状突起比例高于单纯肺结核组,而空泡影比例低于单纯肺结核组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组钙化、斑片条索影、结节影以及空洞或空腔比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:多层螺旋CT对肺结核合并肺癌具有较高的临床鉴别诊断价值。     

Rapidly growing mycobacteria in TB/HIV co-infection: a report of two cases focusing on difficulties in diagnosis and management

Recent reports indicate an increase in rates of infection and disease due to rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) in patients with pre-existing chronic lung disease. Studies have described difficulties in correctly identifying closely related species, even when proper methodologies are adopted, and several different gene targets have been proposed. We describe two cases of RGM infection in a 29-year-old HIV-1 positive Congolese man and a 19-year-old HIV-1 positive Liberian woman, respectively, both with bronchiectasis due to previous Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. Mycobacterium porcinum and Mycobacterium bolletii were identified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sputum, respectively. After starting the patients on antiretroviral treatment and primary prophylaxis against non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), and ensuring that they adhered to their prescribed regimen, we observed an improvement in their clinical condition and mycobacteria cleared from their respiratory specimens. Management of RGM respiratory infection in immunocompromised patients has to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the patient's pulmonary sequelae, adherence to multiple treatments and immune profile.     

Primary pulmonary botryomycosis diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology: a case report

BACKGROUND: Primary pulmonary botryomycosis is an uncommon suppurative bacterial infection of the lung. Cytologic findings by conventional methods and thin-layer preparations in1 case are presented. CASE: A 45-year-old man had primary pulmonary botryomycosis diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Aspiration smears were characterized by densely packed microorganisms surrounded by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Microbiologic analysis of cytologic material revealed colonies of Streptococcus constellatus. CONCLUSION: FNAC diagnosis of pulmonary botryomycosis offers the opportunity to distinguish this bacterial infection from lung cancer and avoid unnecessary surgery.     

Pulmonary mucormycosis diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology. A case report

BACKGROUND: The usefulness of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of lung lesions is well documented. Fungal lesions are among nonneoplastic lesions of the lung in which FNAC has proven a useful technique in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. These include cryptococcosis, aspergillosis, histoplasmosis and coccidiodomycosis. Pulmonary mucormycosis, an aggressive fungal infection, is rarely diagnosed on FNAC. We report a case of isolated pulmonary mucormycosis diagnosed on FNAC. CASE: A 62-year-old renal transplant recipient with diabetes mellitus and hypertension, asymptomatic for four months, presented with tachypnea, generalized malaise and weakness. Radiologic studies showed an enlarging, cavitating lesion in the right lung. Computed tomography-guided fine needle aspiration performed on the lung lesion showed fungal profiles with broad, ribbonlike, aseptate hyphae with right-angled branching consistent with the Zygomycetes class of fungi, which includes Rhizopus and Mucor species. Fungal cultures confirmed the presence of Rhizopus. The patient underwent right pneumonectomy, was placed on liposomal amphotericin B therapy and discharged with good pulmonary status and stable kidney function. CONCLUSION: FNAC is a useful technique in the diagnosis of pulmonary mucormycosis.