Segregation distortions of the ABO and Rh systems in malformed newborns

This study compares the segregation of the ABO and Rh systems between malformed newborns and a control group with two purposes: (1) to evaluate the participation of genetic factors associated with these blood groups in the production of congenital malformations, and (2) to prove, indirectly, the existence of reproductive losses associated with congenital malformations. The newborns and their mothers were typed for ABO and Rh groups. Gene frequencies were similar in malformed and control newborns. In the female malformed newborns, an excess of O-B pairs and a deficit of B-B pairs in the ABO system, and an excess of Rh(-)-Rh- pairs in the Rh system were found.     

ABO and Rh blood groups in diabetes mellitus

The present investigation was conducted with a view to testing the hypothesis that there is some association between blood groups (ABO and Rh) and diabetes mellitus. 520 proven cases of adult diabetes mellitus from the Diabetic Clinic of Rajendra Hospital, Patiala, were studied in 1979-1980. A large sample of 6204 normal individuals studied by Jolly et al. (1969) for ABO and Rh blood groups was taken as control for comparison with the patients. There is a strong indication of an association of diabetes mellitus with blood groups, especially with A, AB and Rh-positive blood groups. The maximum differences are in the AB groups in the two series and minimum in the A group. Individuals with gene p seem to be more susceptible to this disease. Thus the association between blood groups and diabetes mellitus is not a chance finding, but implies an aetiological relationship.     

Serological and molecular analysis of ABO and Rh blood group chimeras

The serological examination, blood transfusion strategies and the molecular analysis to blood group chimera were conducted to demonstrate existent of chimera in blood group. The blood grouping of ABO or/and RhD, newborn red blood cells separated by capillary centrifugation. Aabsorption tests and DTT treated agglutination erythrocyte tests were implemented in four patients. Further molecular biological research was conducted on one patient''s sample. The results showed that for patient 1: ABO blood group was AB/B chimera, Rh blood cells contained the RhCE chimera gene; Patient 2: Rh blood cells contained the RhD chimera gene; Patient 3: ABO blood group was AB/B chimera, Rh blood cells contained the RhD chimera gene; Patient 4: ABO blood group was O/B chimera, Rh blood cells contained the RhCE chimera gene. The study suggests that the individuals categorized as chimeras are likely to be more common than existing literature reports. According to the serological tests, in the absence of a history of recent blood transfusion or disease to cause reduced antigen, the phenomena of hybrid aggregation of the ABO and Rh blood system were the main feature. In terms of transfusion strategy, the selection of ABO and Rh blood groups should be depended on the group of cells with more antigens.     

Frequencies of ABO, Rh and Kell phenotypes in couples from Han, Kazak, Uyghur and Hui in Xinjiang: an inheritance simulation model for blood group incompatibility in new-born

The Xinjiang region with residents from more than 13 minorities represents an area of many diverse ethnicities. This ethnic diversity in relation to their blood groups and immune status may have a consequential impact on the clinical status of married couples. To evaluate the risks of haemolytic disease in new-born infants, we investigated the rate of blood-group incompatibility among 487 married couples from four ethnic minorities, namely the Han, Hui, Uyghur and Kazak populations. Han minority married couples showed significantly different ABO, Rh and K phenotype frequencies between marrial relationship, whereas there was no significant difference in ABO, Rh and K phenotypes between the Uyghur, Hui and Kazak .There was a significant difference between ABO blood types in Han married couples, in the Kazak Rh-C phenotype and in the Uyghur Rh-D phenotype. The Hui married couples only demonstrated ABO, Rh and K phenotypes. The Hui minority showed the highest incompatibility rate for Rh-C and Rh-E phenotypes between mothers and their new-born infants. The highest incompatibility rate for the ABO phenotype occurred in the Kazak group. These results particularly demonstrate the clinical issues relating to ABO and Rh incompatibility, in the Kazak and Hui minorities, respectively.     

Association of ABO and Rh(D) blood groups with filariasis

ABO and Rh blood groups in 344 filarial patients and 320 controls matched with respect to age, community and residence are reported. An excess of B and a deficiency of AB was observed among the filarial patients. The relative risks for the B and AB were 1.53 and 0.36, respectively. Only males showed clearly significant risks. The Rh(D) blood groups revealed no association with filariasis.     

全自动血型仪的应用评价

目的了解全自动血型鉴定系统用于检测ABO血型和Rh(D)血型的效果。方法采用深圳爱康AK03A型数字血型仪对北海市中心血站2010年5月—2011年12月无偿献血者20702份样本进行ABO血型和Rh(D)血型鉴定,并与手工试管法进行对比验证。结果发现正反定型不一致的有75例,ABO初筛血型错误的36例,Rh(D)阴性的53例。结论全自动血型鉴定系统检测血型快捷、方便、高效,能降低检测人员的工作强度,但判读结果时需要与手工试管法结合进行验证,才能得出正确的结果。     

Contribution to study of Asmat genetic variability

During an anthropological survey in the South-West of Irian Jaya (Indonesian New Guinea), 145 blood samples were collected from the coastal Asmat population. ABO, MNSs, Rh, Kell, Duffy and Kidd red cell antigen systems were investigated and the results are presented here. ABO, MNSs, Rh gene frequencies of the Asmat, together with those of 21 other New Guinea populations, were examined by principal component analysis. The topological representation of the distribution of the selected New Guinea populations confirms high variability in the interior of the island, and possible causes are discussed. A hypothesis is advanced, concordant with language evidence which would explain the resemblance among populations from opposite coasts of New Guinea and between some mountain and coastal groups. When the comparison includes 32 other world populations, the New Guinea groups constitute one assemblage distinct from the others.     

Acuity of selective mechanisms operating on ABO, Rh, and MN blood groups

Selection in ABO, Rh, and MN blood groups was studied in 216 matings and their children in an endogamous population. Incompatibility status with respect to these three systems was considered simultaneously. There is no effect of incompatibility on number of pregnancies. Analysis of variance between groups confirms that prenatal loss is associated with incompatibility, and it is greater when the matings are incompatible for any two systems. There is no significant intergenerational change in ABO and Rh polymorphisms. Segregation analysis for the ABO system suggests that there is no significant difference in the proportion of A, B, and O children, based on the compatibility of the parents, while analysis for Rh-D system showed a segregation distortion which is not related to the known antigenic specificities (mother-child incompatibility).     

Genetic polymorphisms in juvenile-onset diabetes

Nine genetic polymorphic systems (ACP1, PGM1, ADA, AK, G-6-PD, Hp, ABO, Rh, MN), were studied in a series of 138 subjects affected by JOD. Differences between diabetic patients and controls were observed in the distribution of phenotypes of the red cell acid phosphatase (ACP1), and the ABO and MN blood groups.     

Blood groups of the people of Ahwaz, Iran

ABO, Rh and MN blood groups were studied among the people of Ahwaz, Khuzistan, Iran. The people of Ahwaz are characterized by high frequencies of the blood groups 0 (41.16%), Rh-positive (90.0%) and MN (48.13%). These frequencies are significantly different from those obtained in other Iranian populations, which is caused by the co-operation of various factors.     

Distribution of ABO, MN, Rh blood groups and Hp, Tr, Gc and C3 serum factors in the Buryat population

Polymorphism of blood groups ABO, MN, Rh and serum proteins Hp, Tf, Gc, C3 was studied in Buryat populations of Zabaikalie, Pribaikalie, Olkhon island. No indication of significant heterogeneity was observed. Gene frequencies varied in different systems within the ranges: ABO (p-0.142-0.183; q-0.205-0.324; r-0.567-0.630); MN (m-0.531-0.624), Rh(d) (0-0.214), Hp (Hp 1-0.268-0.339), C3 (C3F-0.023-0.090), Tf (TfC-0.971-1.0), Gc (Gc1-0.728-0.840). Genetic distances between main Buryat groups were estimated.     

Distribution of ABO blood groups and incidence of Rh factor (D) in various ethnic groups in the Hindu Kush region (Kafirs, Kalash Chitrali)

With the aid of Eldon cards the distribution of the ABO blood groups and of the Rh factor (D) was investigated in different native ethnic groups (Kafirs, Kalash, Chitrali) in the Hindu Kush region of Afghanistan and Pakistan. All studied groups are characterized by a relatively high frequency of blood group gene A and extremely low frequencies of B and O. This distribution differs appreciably from that of the rest of the Indian subcontinent as well as that of the adjacent Central Asiatic areas. The possible causes of the exceptional position of the native Hindu Kush groups in the ABO blood group system are discussed. It may be assumed that selection as a result of mother-child compatibility played a role as will be shown in a later paper. Concerning the studied traits of the Rhesus system, all investigated groups fit in the range of variation of the South Asian area.     

ABO and Rh D polymorphism among Tibetans in India

A study of ABO and Rh D polymorphisms was conducted on 923 Tibetans living in exile in four different places (both high and low altitudes) in India. The frequencies of alleles p, q, and r for the ABO blood group system were found to be 0.1295, 0.2544, and 0.6152, respectively, and for alleles D and d of the Rh blood group system the allele frequencies were 0.9428 and 0.0572, respectively, for the total data. No significant difference was found for the allele frequencies among the four places for the two blood group systems. The allele frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the ABO blood group system and show East Asian affinity for the Tibetans.     

Some remarks on linkage with a quantitative character

A sample of 539 Polish families and 2,500 individuals were analysed to determine whether there was any evidence of linkage between the dermatoglyphic pattern elements on fingertips and blood groups. The results of the present study did not show any indication of linkage between dermatoglyphic patterns on fingertips (ulnar loops, radial loops, whorls and arches) and the ABO, MN, Rh, Kell and Xg blood groups.     

ABO and Rh blood groups and serum proteins in an Amerindian population of Matambú, Costa Rica

Genetic structure of the population of Matambú, Costa Rica, was investigated using 6 genetic markers: ABO and Rh blood groups, and 4 serum proteins: albumin, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin and transferrin. All the individuals were Rh+ and the I degrees allele had a high frequency (0.89). There are 4 polymorphic alleles in ceruloplasmin, including a possible new variant (3.8%). Transferrin Dchi had a remarkably high frequency (0.11). These results indicate that this group is of Amerindian origin although there are Caucasic and Negroid genes present. The genetic constitution of Matambú differs from that of the other Amerindian groups such as the Guaymí, from Chibcha stock, which supports the hypothesis of a Mesoamerican origin.     

Ethnic communities in Israel: The genetic blood markers of the Babylonian Jews

One hundred eighty-eight Jewish individuals who either they or whose both parents were born in Iraq were typed for 7 blood groups (ABO, MNS, Rh, Kell, Duffy, P and Kidd), 12 red cell enzyme systems and 2 serum proteins. Iraqi Jews are characterized by a high frequency of A (in ABO), N (in MNS), low cde (Rh) and low Hp-1. Several rare electrophoretic variants were encountered: PGM₁ 6-1, PHI 3-1 and PHI 2-1, and an unidentified AK phenotype. No evidence of Negroid admixture was found in their gene pool. Comparisons with results previously obtained in Iraqi Jews show general similarities in frequencies while comparisons with neighboring non-Jewish populations suggest divergence in most systems investigated. The difficulties of assessing relationships on the basis of a few selected differences and the need for careful interpretations of similarities are emphasized.     

Blood groups in Native Americans: a look beyond ABO and Rh

The study presents comparisons between blood group frequencies beyond ABO and Rh blood systems in Native American populations and previously published data from Brazilian blood donors. The frequencies of Diego (c.2561C>T, rs2285644), Kell (c.578C>T, rs8176058), Duffy (c.125A>G, rs12075, c.1−67T>C, rs2814778) and Kidd (c.838A>G, rs1058396) variants in Kaingang (n=72) and Guarani (n=234) populations from Brazil (1990-2000) were obtained and compared with data from these populations sampled during the 1960s and with individuals of different Brazilian regions. Data showed high frequencies of DI*01 and FY*01 alleles: 11.8% and 57.6% in Kaingang and 6.8% and 75.7% in Guarani groups, respectively. The main results indicated: (1) reduction in genetic distance over time of Kaingang and Guarani in relation to other Brazilian populations is suggestive of ongoing admixture; (2) significant differences in some frequencies of blood group markers (especially Diego, Kidd and Duffy) in relation to Native Americans and individuals from different geographical regions of Brazil. Our study shows that the frequency of red blood cell polymorphisms in two Native American groups is very different from that of blood donors, when we evaluated blood groups different from ABO and Rh systems, suggesting that a better ethnic characterization of blood unit receptors is necessary.     

Genetic polymorphisms at three loci in two populations of Manipur, India

The Phayengs and Khurkhuls are sections of the Meiteis, the largest community in Manipur, India. Racially they are Mongoloids, and marry mostly among themselves. The present study reveals the frequencies of ABO blood groups as A1 (36.54%), B (28.85%), O (25.96%) and A1B (8.65%) in the Phayengs (n = 124) and A1 (39.84%), B (21.14%), O (22.76%) and A1B (16.26 %) in the Khurkhuls (n = 123). The subtype A2 is completely absent in both. The gene frequencies are ABO*A1 = 0.262, ABO*B = 0.212 and ABO*O = 0.526 for the Phayeng and ABO*A1 = 0.334, ABO*B = 0.206, ABO*O = 0.526 among the Khurkhuls. The Phayengs show a frequency of Rh negatives as 1.92%, the frequency of the RH*d allele being 0.139. The incidence of HB E is 38.46% resulting into the frequency of HB*E = 0.266. This is the highest value so far reported from Manipur State. No Rh(D) negative individuals have been encountered among the Khurkhuls, and the incidence of HB E is 16.26%, the frequency of HB*E being 0.085.     

Frequency of phenotypes and genes of the polymorphic blood systems in a population as dependent on the age factor

The frequency of blood groups ABO, Rh, MNS, P, haptoglobin as well as distribution of phenotypic combinations of two different loci are compared in groups of children and adults. The frequency of phenotype O, Rh-negative and P-positive people is revealed to increase in adults, that testifies to the influence of the age factor on the distribution of the human polymorphic blood systems.     

The diego blood groups: A genetic linkage analysis

Data are presented which show that the Diego blood groups are not part of the Dombrock or Yt blood group systems and that the locus controlling Di is not closely linked to the loci controlling ABO, Fy, Jk, Kell, MNSs, Rh, Gm, Inv, AcP,ADA, PGD, and UMPK.