低氧应激下甘肃鼢鼠与SD 大鼠心脏抗氧化酶和ATP 酶活性的比较

为探讨低氧应激下甘肃鼢鼠心脏对抗氧化损伤和电生理紊乱的可能机制,对甘肃鼢鼠和SD 大鼠在4. 5%氧浓度下分别进行2 h、4 h、6 h、8 h、10 h、16 h 低氧应激,比较常氧和各时程低氧下二者心脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)和Ca^{2 +} - ATP 酶、Ca^{2 +} - Mg^{2 +} - ATP 酶、Na ⁺ - K ⁺ - ATP酶活性,以丙二醛(MDA)含量作为机体氧化损伤指标。结果显示,常氧组甘肃鼢鼠GR 活性比SD 大鼠高,SOD、CAT、Ca^{2 +}-ATP 酶、Ca^{2 +} - Mg^{2 +} - ATP 酶和Na ⁺ - K ⁺ - ATP 酶活性及MDA 含量与SD 大鼠相比均无显著性差
异;低氧组甘肃鼢鼠SOD、CAT、GR、Ca^{2 +} - ATP 酶、Ca^{2 +} - Mg^{2 +} - ATP 酶和Na ⁺ - K ⁺ - ATP 酶活性迅速升高,显著高于SD 大鼠,MDA 含量则显著低于SD 大鼠。说明甘肃鼢鼠心脏通过提高抗氧化酶活性清除低氧诱导产生的多余自由基,并通过提高ATP 酶活性保证心电活动正常、心率稳定,应对低氧应激。     

低氧大鼠脑线粒体体外转录活性的研究

目的：探讨低氧对大鼠脑线粒体DNA表达的影响及其与能量生成的关系。方法：雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为3组：急性低氧组（AH）、慢性低氧组（CH）和对照组,其中急、慢性低氧组动物分别连续暴露于模拟海拔4000m高原3d(AH)和40d（CH）。分离脑线粒体,分别测定线粒体体外转录活性、F0F1－ATP酶活性以及ATP对线粒体体外转录的影响。结果：急性低氧大鼠脑线粒体体外转录活性及F0F1－ATP酶活性显著降低,慢性低氧时有所回升,两者呈线性相关。ATP对大鼠脑线粒体体外转录活性呈双相效应。结论：低氧时脑线粒体转录活性改变可能参与低氧抑制线粒体能量代谢的机制,ATP可能通过反馈作用对线粒体转录进行微调。     

银杏内酯B和低氧预适应对小鼠急性缺氧损伤的保护作用

目的：通过观察缺氧预适应和银杏内酯B预处理对小鼠急性缺氧的影响,了解银杏内酯B的脑保护作用。方法：采用小鼠常压缺氧模型,观察小鼠的行为学并记录各组小鼠的最后死亡时间,脑组织含水量,用RT-PCR、Western blot分别检测各组小鼠皮层组织中RTP801mRNA表达和EPO蛋白表达。结果：银杏内酯B和低氧预适应均能明显延长常压缺氧小鼠的存活时间,降低脑水肿程度,并且银杏内酯组和低氧预适应组RTP801mRNA表达和EPO的表达均明显增加。结论：银杏内酯B与低氧预适应具有相类似的对抗小鼠急性低氧的作用,其脑保护作用与上调RTPS01mRNA和EPO蛋白的表达有关。     

燕麦幼苗对盐胁迫的响应及过氧化氢对响应的调节

为了探讨‘定莜6号’燕麦对盐胁迫的生理生化响应及H2O2的调节作用,采用水培方法,研究外源H2O2对盐胁迫下燕麦活性氧代谢、渗透溶质积累和Na+、K+平衡的影响。结果表明:小于100 mmol·L-1Na Cl未对‘定莜6号’幼苗的生长造成明显影响,150 mmol·L-1及以上浓度Na Cl使幼苗干重和叶片K+/Na+显著降低,O2-·产生速率、H2O2、丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白质和脯氨酸含量及过氧化氢酶(CAT)、质膜H+-ATP酶活性明显提高,但抗坏血酸(ASA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量变化不大;外施5μmol·L-1H2O2可显著缓解150 mmol·L-1Na Cl胁迫对燕麦幼苗生长的抑制作用,使燕麦叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和CAT活性及H2O2、GSH含量明显提高,O2-·产生速率和MDA含量显著降低;5μmol·L-1H2O2还提高了150 mmol·L-1Na Cl胁迫下燕麦叶片可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、有机酸和脯氨酸含量及质膜H+-ATP酶活性和K+/Na+,降低了游离氨基酸含量;表明外源H2O2可调控燕麦幼苗活性氧代谢和渗透溶质积累,维持K+、Na+平衡,从而增强耐盐性。     

山药多糖对老年性痴呆小鼠抗氧化能力的影响

目的:探讨山药多糖对老年性痴呆小鼠抗氧化能力的影响。方法:采用三氯化铝复制痴呆小鼠模型,将50只昆明种小鼠随机分5组(n=10):对照组、模型组和山药多糖低、中、高剂量组,山药多糖剂量分别为100 mg/kg·d、300 mg/kg·d、500 mg/kg·d。治疗组用不同剂量山药多糖分别灌胃90 d。测定小鼠脑系数、脑组织丙二醛(MDA)含量、Na+-K+-ATP酶和Mg2+-ATP酶活性,以及血清氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。结果:山药多糖能显著提高痴呆模型小鼠脑系数、Na+-K+-ATP酶和Mg2+-ATP酶活性、以及SOD和CAT活力;显著降低MDA含量。结论:增强脑组织ATP酶活性和提高机体抗氧化能力可能是山药多糖防治老年性痴呆的作用机制之一。     

小麦幼苗拒Na+部位的拒Na+机理

采用日立Z 80 0 0原子吸收分光光度计测Na 、K 含量 ,采用不连续蔗糖梯度离心分离质膜和液泡膜微囊。递增盐度和盐冲击处理下 ,耐盐品种德抗 96 1的SK ,Na(吸收 ) 值和SK ,Na(运输 ) 值均明显大于盐敏感品种鲁麦 15 ;德抗 96 1根部和鲁麦 15根茎结合部Na 含量均呈递增趋势 ,表现出累积效应 ;德抗 96 1根细胞质膜微囊和液泡膜微囊H ATP酶活性均明显大于鲁麦15 ,鲁麦 15根茎结合部液泡膜微囊H ATP酶活性大于德抗 96 1,在同一品种的植株里 ,盐冲击的根和根茎结合部细胞质膜微囊和液泡膜微囊H ATP酶活性均小于递增盐度的酶活性。小麦拒Na 部位细胞质膜和液泡膜H ATP酶活性与其耐盐性强弱成正相关     

水体盐度对中华绒螯蟹成体雄蟹渗透压调节和生理代谢的影响

为研究长期不同水体盐度对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis以下简称河蟹)成体雄蟹渗透压调节和生理代谢的影响, 在不同水体盐度条件下(0、6、12和18)对河蟹雄体进行为期60d的养殖实验, 并分别检测其渗透调节及生理代谢相关指标。结果显示: (1)血清渗透压、Na+、Mg2+和Cl-含量随水体盐度上升而显著上升(P0.05), K+和Ca2+含量有上升趋势, 但各盐度组差异不显著(P0.05); 无论何组雄蟹, 其血清渗透压均显著高于对应的水体渗透压; (2)0组雄蟹后鳃Na+/K+-ATP酶活性显著高于其他组(P0.05), 其他各组间差异不显著(P0.05); (3)就血清生理代谢指标而言, 12组雄蟹血清中甘油三酯(TG)含量显著高于其他组(P0.05), 而尿酸(UA)、葡萄糖(Glu)、丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性相对较低; 所有组尿素(Urea)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)含量差异不显著(P0.05); (4)就肝胰腺生理代谢指标而言, 6组肝胰腺MDA含量和-谷氨酰转肽酶(-GT)活力最低, 12组酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和-GT活性显著高于其他盐度组(P0.05)。因此, 适当提高水体盐度可提高河蟹成体雄蟹的血清渗透压及其主要离子含量, 同时降低其后鳃中Na+/K+-ATP酶活性。肝胰腺和血清代谢指标暗示12盐度组雄体的代谢水平相对较低, 具有较强的免疫性能和抗氧化能力。     

NaCl胁迫对2个杨树品系扦插苗生长及体内离子含量和运输的影响

以杨树(Populus spp.)品系“南杨1号”(Nanyang No.1)和“南杨2号”(Nanyang No.2)为实验材料,研究了不同浓度(0、75和150 mmol·L-1)NaCl胁迫条件下2个杨树品系扦插苗生长及不同器官中离子(N、P、K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+和Cl-)含量与运输的差异.结果表明:随NaCl浓度的提高,2个杨树品系的单株干质量以及“南杨1号”的根冠比均逐渐降低,但“南杨2号”的根冠比呈现先增大后减小的趋势;除P和Mg2+含量外,2个品系根、新生枝条和叶片中营养元素的含量均逐渐降低,Na+和Cl-含量以及Na+/K+和Na+/Ca2+比值均逐渐增加,但Na+和Cl-含量以及Na+/K+和Na+/Ca2+比值的增幅在根中均最高、在叶片中均最小.在150 mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫条件下,2个品系的单株干质量和根冠比以及根、新生枝条和叶片中N、P、K+、Ca2+和Mg2+含量均最低,Na+和Cl-含量以及Na+/K+和Na+/Ca2+比值均最高,且与对照有显著差异.在NaCl胁迫条件下,2个品系从根到新生枝条、从新生枝条到叶片的离子运输相对选择性比率RSK+,Na+和RSCa2+,Na+基本上均小于对照,其中,从根到新生枝条的RSx+,Na+和RSCa2+,Na+均大于从新生枝条到叶片.总体上看,在NaCl胁迫条件下“南杨2号”的单株干质量和根冠比、各器官的N和P含量、不同器官间的RSK+Na+和RSCa2+,Na+均高于“南杨1号”,“南杨2号”各器官的Na+和Cl-含量以及Na+/K+和Na+/Ca2+比值的增幅均低于“南杨1号”.综合分析结果表明:NaCl胁迫对2个杨树品系扦插苗的生长及体内离子的分布及运输均有一定的影响,但总体上看,“南杨2号”对NaCl胁迫的耐性优于“南杨1号”.     

大蒜素对大鼠骨骼肌抗氧化能力和ATP酶活性的影响

目的:探讨大蒜素对大鼠骨骼肌抗氧化能力和ATP酶活性的影响。方法:30只SD大鼠随机分为安静组、训练组、大蒜素训练组(n=10),6周训练和补充大蒜素后,测定大鼠骨骼肌超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、Ca2+-ATPase、Na+-K+-ATPase和血清Ca2+的含量。结果:大蒜素训练组与训练组相比,运动至力竭的时间明显延长;骨骼肌抗氧化能力明显升高,Na+-K+-ATPase,Ca2+-ATPase及血清Ca2+极为显著升高。结论:大蒜素能增强大鼠骨骼肌抗氧化能力,延缓疲劳出现。     

NaCl胁迫对阿月浑子各器官Na+、K+吸收的影响

在温室盆栽条件下,用NaCl处理新疆长果阿月浑子与美国品种Kerman,处理浓度为50、150、250和500 mmol·L-1,盐处理后5、10、20 d分别取叶、茎和根,测定各器官中Na+、K+含量及Na+/K+变化规律.研究结果表明,随着土壤盐浓度的增加,长果阿月浑子和Kerman的叶、茎和根中Na+离子含量在盐处理5、10、20 d后每个处理都表现出升高趋势;而两个品种的叶、根和茎中的K+含量在盐处理后其变化规律都不稳定.长果阿月浑子叶片、茎和根系中Na+/K+的比值在盐处理5 d和10 d都升高.Kerman的叶和根系中Na+/K+比值在处理5、10、20 d后升高;茎中Na+/K+处理10 d后升高,但20 d后没有明显变化.实验结果表明NaCl胁迫后,长果阿月浑子的叶片中Na+含量增加幅度均大于Kerman,Kerman根和茎中的Na+含量增加幅度大于长果阿月浑子;NaCl胁迫5 d和10 d后,长果阿月浑子叶片中的Na+/K+的比值高于Kerman,Kerman茎和根部中的Na+/K+的比值高于长果阿月浑子,表明了长果阿月浑子和Kerman都具有一定的耐盐性,但Kerman的耐盐性强于长果阿月浑子.由于叶片和根中Na+和Na+/K+比值的变化很稳定,可以确定为阿月浑子主要抗盐指标,茎中Na+/K+的变化规律较稳定,可以作为抗盐性参考指标.     

Reliability of Analyses of Hg,Fe, Ca,K, P,pH, Alkalinity,Conductivity, Hardness and Colour from Lakes

The aim of this report has been to present results concerning analytical quality controls of Hg analysis of fish and sediment, analyses of Fe, Ca, total-P, K, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, colour and hardness (Ca + Mg) of lake water samples. Despite the fact that these are standard parameters in many regular water control programs, there are major differences in the reliability with which these parameters can be determined. The focus here is on an overall inter-laboratory comparison between the parameters. Six laboratories have been involved in the analysis. Selected results: pH gives the lowest (average) relative standard deviation (error), about 2 %; conductivity gives an error of about 5–7 %; alkalinity yields an average error of as much as 13–25 %, which is the largest among the parameters studied here; colour also gives a high error, 9–15 %; hardness gives a relative standard deviation of about 6–7 %. Of the other parameters (i. e., Hg, Fe, Ca and P), Hg gives the best reliability and Fe and P the lowest. To have knowledge of the reliability of the analytical data is of paramount importance in most control programs and research projects.     

Uniform hypothesis of cell behavior--movement, contact inhibition of movement, adhesion, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, division, contact inhibition of division, fusion.

The cell has been represented as a charged liquid drop. Contrary to the DLVO-theory, the effect of the surface potential upon the value of the interfacial tension of the cell membrane has also been taken into consideration. The cell membrane has visco-elastic properties and its constituents may move against each other. Cell movement is caused by the appearance of a small number of the electrically charged constituents of the cell membrane on the leading edge of the cell. This produces a local decrease in the surface tension and the cell membrane expansion. At the moment of contact between two cells proton transfers occur between the strongly negatively charged microvilli of one cell and the body of the other, analogous to a condenser breakdown. This, through the effect on the surface tension, causes contact inhibition of movement. The distribution of the proton dissociable groups modifies the interaction between the cells (differentiation) and between the cell and the substratum (adhesion). Adsorption of the charged compounds at the surface of the cell membrane, decreasing the surface potential and increasing the surface tension, causes the phenomena of chemotaxis, phagocytosis and pinocytosis. Cell division, considered in the terms of the surface energy, requires an adequate supply of considerable quantities of energy inversely proportional to the surface potential value. In case of a reduction of the distance between the cells, their surface potential and the energetic barrier of the cell division processes increases, and causes contact inhibition of cell division. Due to their high charge, division of neoplastic cells is inhibited much later than division of normal cells, or is completely ininhibited due to geometric conditions. Fusion of the cell membrane in the intra-cellular and intercellular processes is a reverse process in relation to the cell division.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Synthesis,tautomerism, and antimicrobial,anti-HCV,anti-SSPE,antioxidant, and antitumor activities of arylazobenzosuberones

2-Dimethylaminomethylene-1-benzosuberone 1 was coupled with diazotized aniline derivatives to afford a series of the hitherto unreported 2-arylazo-1-benzosuberones 3a–i. The tautomeric structure and the effect of substituents on the tautomeric form (s) of the products 3a–i were discussed. Similar coupling of the enaminone 1 with diazonium salts of heterocyclic amines gave the respective fused azolotriazino-benzosuberones. Some of the newly synthesized compounds showed potent antimicrobial, anti-HCV, antioxidant, antitumor (as topoisomerase I inhibitors), and antimicrobial activities.