Lotka-Volterra捕食-被捕食系统的脉冲控制

本文利用脉冲微分方程的比较原理,通过状态和输出反馈研究了Lotka-Volterra捕食－被捕食系统的脉冲控制问题。得到了所研究模型的非负平衡点渐近稳定的充分条件。对于所实施的使系统渐近稳定的脉冲控制,给出了脉冲控制时间间隔的上界估计值。     

资源脉冲对外来植物入侵影响的研究进展和展望

全球变化背景下, 诸如营养、水分等资源的波动是非稳态的, 往往以脉冲的形式出现, 呈现出频率低、强度高和持续时间短的特征。资源脉冲往往会打破植物群落固有的平衡状态, 进而影响全球变化的另一重要组分——外来植物入侵。目前, 全球变化对外来植物入侵影响的研究往往关注资源的稳态变化, 忽略了资源的波动性, 特别是脉冲的作用。该文通过综述资源脉冲对外来植物入侵影响的研究, 简要评述了资源脉冲的形成原因、类型及影响, 讨论了不同类型的资源脉冲对外来植物入侵的作用。此外, 该文根据现有的研究进展提出了一些未来可能的研究方向, 如资源脉冲的不同属性, 多种资源脉冲交互作用对植物入侵的影响及其机制等。     

脉冲场凝胶电泳技术及其在真菌学研究中的应用*

脉冲电泳是用于分离大分子量DNA的一种电泳技术,已广泛用于真菌的核型分析,种群特异性鉴定,基因定位及遗传分析的研究。介绍了脉冲电泳的原理,发展和基本操作程序,并阐述了脉冲电泳技术在真菌分子生物学研究领域的应用。     

两种群生态系统联合脉冲收获的优化控制策略

本文主要研究周期环境下相互独立的两种群系统联合脉冲收获的优化控制问题.在给定时刻对两种群同时进行比例脉冲收获,在系统保持周期变化的前提下,考虑成本因素,以最大经济净收益为目标,研究收获努力量对收益的影响,并确定最优的脉冲收获策略.利用脉冲微分系统的极值原理,获得了最优脉冲收获策略及最优收益的具体表达式.     

脉冲场凝胶电泳技术及其在真菌学研究中的应用

脉冲电泳是用于分离大分子量DNA的一种电泳技术,已广泛用于真菌的核型分析,种群特异性鉴定,基因定位及遗传分析的研究。介绍了脉冲电泳的原理,发展和基本操作程序,并阐述了脉冲电泳技术在真菌分子生物学研究领域的应用。     

用新的计量方法研究黑腹果蝇的求爱歌

对雄果蝇求爱脉冲歌的研究已有多年的历史,但对脉冲间隔的计量方法并不方便。本文介绍我们采用微机终端计时新技术,自动对脉冲进行计数,可在范围更为广泛的数据信息内,对果蝇脉冲歌进行测量统计,对ipi分布中纵数与平均值的关系提出我们的看法,并首次对ipf及npb的分布进行了研究。     

中国两种常见树蟋雄性鸣声的比较研究(直翅目,树蟋科)

对两种常见树蟋长瓣树蟋Oecanthus longicauda Matsumura和黄树蟋O.rufescens Serville的召唤声特征进行了比较研究.研究结果表明,两种树蟋召唤声的时域特征和频域特征在脉冲组所含脉冲数、脉冲组持续时间、脉冲组间隔时间、脉冲组脉冲排列规律、单脉冲间隔时间、频域能峰数和能峰值等方面存在明显差异.长瓣树蟋脉冲组主要由3个脉冲组成,含3个脉冲的脉冲组持续时间约0.049±0.001 s,脉冲组间隔时间为0.027±0.003 s,单脉冲持续时间约0.011±O.001 s,单脉冲间隔时间约0.009±0.00l s,频谱图只有1个2.5KHz的主能峰.黄树蟋脉冲组由16～20个脉冲组成,脉冲组持续时间为0.303±0.021 s,脉冲组间隔时间为0.401±0.046 s,单脉冲持续时间约为0.012±0.001 s,脉冲间隔时间约为0.004±0.001 s,频谱图有两个能峰:主能峰频率为3.03 KHz,次能峰频率为16.78KHz.     

微电极芯片系统中酵母细胞电穿孔的实验研究

采用自主研制的微电极芯片系统,研究电脉冲参数及Ca2+对酵母细胞穿孔率的影响.发现酵母细胞穿孔率随着脉冲电压、脉冲持续时间、脉冲个数的增大而升高,且电穿孔具有累积效应,在脉冲电压40 V、脉冲持续时间10 μs、脉冲个数8个的条件下,穿孔率达到83%.此外,研究了钙离子对酵母细胞穿孔率的影响,一定浓度的Ca2+能提高酵母细胞穿孔率,当Ca2+浓度为0.1 mmol/L时,穿孔率可达到89%;Ca2+浓度过高会降低酵母细胞的穿孔率甚至会抑制穿孔的发生,并从机理方面对其进行了初步探讨,为进一步研究电穿孔机制提供有益参考.     

一类带Monod增长率及脉冲状态反馈控制的微生物杀虫剂模型的周期解

研究了一类带Monod增长率及脉冲状态反馈控制的微生物杀虫剂模型．证明了无脉冲系统的负向全局渐近稳定性及带有脉冲状态反馈控制系统具有阶一周期解,并且给出阶一周期解存在和稳定的充分条件．数值模拟验证了理论结果．     

瞳孔控制系统采样特性的中枢机制

本文以双脉冲光分眼刺激（ｄｉｃｈｏｐｔｉｃ ｓｔｉｍｕｌａｔｉｎｇ,双脉冲的第一脉冲光刺激一侧眼,第二脉冲光刺激另一侧眼）进行瞳孔采样特性研究。实验结果表明：当双脉冲之间的时间间隔较长时,瞳孔产生两次收缩反应;当时间间隔小于约０．６ｓ时,瞳孔只对第一个脉冲光刺激产生瞬态收缩,对第二个脉冲光刺激不产生反应。这不仅证实了单眼实验研究的结论：瞳孔系统不是在时间上连续进行控制,而是离散的采样控制,它对光刺     

脉冲-扩散周期竞争系统解的渐近行为

研究了在周期变化环境中具有扩散及种群密度可能发生突变的两竞争种群动力系统的数学模型．模型由反应扩散方程组以及初边值及脉冲条件组成．文章建立了研究模型的上下解方法,获得了一些比较原理．利用脉冲常微分方程的比较定理以及利用相应的脉冲常微分方程的解控制和估计所讨论模型的解,研究了系统模型的解的渐近性质．     

Periodic solution of a chemostat model with Monod growth rate and impulsive state feedback control

In this paper, we develop a mathematical model concerning a chemostat with impulsive state feedback control to investigate the periodicity of bioprocess. By the existence criteria of periodic solution of a general planar impulsive autonomous system, the conditions under which the model has a periodic solution of order one are obtained. Furthermore, we estimate the position of the periodic solution of order one and discuss the existence of periodic solution of order two. The theoretical results and numerical simulations indicate that the chemostat system with impulsive state feedback control either tends to a stable state or has a periodic solution, which depends on the feedback state, the control parameter of the dilution rate and the initial concentrations of microorganisms and substrate.     

Periodic solution of a chemostat model with Beddington-DeAnglis uptake function and impulsive state feedback control

In this paper, a chemostat model with Beddington-DeAnglis uptake function and impulsive state feedback control is considered. We obtain sufficient conditions of the global asymptotical stability of the system without impulsive state feedback control. We also obtain that the system with impulsive state feedback control has periodic solution of order one. Sufficient conditions for existence and stability of periodic solution of order one are given. In some cases, it is possible that the system exists periodic solution of order two. Our results show that the control measure is effective and reliable.     

一类食饵具时滞与扩散的非线性脉冲捕食系统正周期解存在性

主要讨论了一类食饵具有时滞与扩散的非线性脉冲捕食系统正周期解的存在性问题,应用迭合度理论,得到系统存在正周期解的充分条件,推广了没有脉冲时的情形.数值模拟进一步验证了结论的正确性.     

Pest management through continuous and impulsive control strategies

In this paper, we propose two mathematical models concerning continuous and, respectively, impulsive pest control strategies. In the case in which a continuous control is used, it is shown that the model admits a globally asymptotically stable positive equilibrium under appropriate conditions which involve parameter estimations. As a result, the global asymptotic stability of the unique positive equilibrium is used to establish a procedure to maintain the pests at an acceptably low level in the long term. In the case in which an impulsive control is used, it is observed that there exists a globally asymptotically stable susceptible pest-eradication periodic solution on condition that the amount of infective pests released periodically is larger than some critical value. When the amount of infective pests released is less than this critical value, the system is shown to be permanent, which implies that the trivial susceptible pest-eradication solution loses its stability. Further, the existence of a nontrivial periodic solution is also studied by means of numerical simulation. Finally, the efficiency of continuous and impulsive control policies is compared.     

The geometrical analysis of a predator-prey model with two state impulses

Using successor functions and Poincaré-Bendixson theorem of impulsive differential equations, the existence of periodical solutions to a predator-prey model with two state impulses is investigated. By stability theorem of periodic solution to impulsive differential equations, the stability conditions of periodic solutions to the system are given. Some simulations are exerted to prove the results.     

Modelling and analysis of impulsive releases of sterile mosquitoes

To study the impact of releasing sterile mosquitoes on mosquito-borne disease transmissions, we propose two mathematical models with impulsive releases of sterile mosquitoes. We consider periodic impulsive releases in the first model and obtain the existence, uniqueness, and globally stability of a wild-mosquito-eradication periodic solution. We also establish thresholds for the control of the wild mosquito population by selecting the release rate and the release period. In the second model, the impulsive releases are determined by the closely monitored wild mosquito density, or the state feedback. We prove the existence of an order one periodic solution and find a relatively small attraction region, which ensures the wild mosquito population is under control. We provide numerical analysis which shows that a smaller release rate and more frequent releases are more efficient in controlling the wild mosquito population for the periodic releases, but an early release of sterile mosquitoes is more effective for the state feedback releases.     

State-dependent impulsive models of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies and their dynamic consequences

A state-dependent impulsive model is proposed for integrated pest management (IPM). IPM involves combining biological, mechanical, and chemical tactics to reduce pest numbers to tolerable levels after a pest population has reached its economic threshold (ET). The complete expression of an orbitally asymptotically stable periodic solution to the model with a maximum value no larger than the given ET is presented, the existence of which implies that pests can be controlled at or below their ET levels. We also prove that there is no periodic solution with order larger than or equal to three, except for one special case, by using the properties of the LambertW function and Poincare map. Moreover, we show that the existence of an order two periodic solution implies the existence of an order one periodic solution. Various positive invariant sets and attractors of this impulsive semi-dynamical system are described and discussed. In particular, several horseshoe-like attractors, whose interiors can simultaneously contain stable order 1 periodic solutions and order 2 periodic solutions, are found and the interior structure of the horseshoe-like attractors is discussed. Finally, the largest invariant set and the sufficient conditions which guarantee the global orbital and asymptotic stability of the order 1 periodic solution in the meaningful domain for the system are given using the Lyapunov function. Our results show that, in theory, a pest can be controlled such that its population size is no larger than its ET by applying effects impulsively once, twice, or at most, a finite number of times, or according to a periodic regime. Moreover, our theoretical work suggests how IPM strategies could be used to alter the levels of the ET in the farmers' favour.     

非线性种群反应扩散系统奇摄动ROBIN问题

研究了一类具有非线性种群反应扩散系统奇摄动Robin初始边值问题.在适当的条件下,利用微分不等式理论,讨论了问题解的存在性和渐近性态.