山东山旺新发现的中新世松鼠类化石

<正>Three forms of Sciuridae, Tamiops asiaticus (Qiu, 1981) , Sciurus lii sp. nov. , and Oriensciums linquensis gen. et sp. nov. are described from the early-middle Miocene Shanwang Formation at Linqu, Shandong Province. Comparisons of Tamiops asiaticus with Meinia asiatica Qiu, 1981 suggest that neither the size nor the morphology of the bodies and dentition allows the two genera to be distinguished. The genus name Meinia Qiu, 1981 is therefore considered a junior synonym of Tamiops Allen, 1906. S. lii is one of the earliest records for the genus Sciurus . Some isolated teeth from the early Miocene locality Sihong, previously referred to Shuanggouia lui show similarities to S. lii and are assigned to the genus Sciurus in this paper. Redetermination of Shuanggouia argues convincingly for its assignment to Sciurinae rather than Petauristinae. Oriensciurus linquensis exhibits some characters similar to Sciurus in the upper cheek teeth, and to Spermophilinus in the lower ones. The overall dental features, however, group the new genus with tree squirrels. The Shanwang fossil sciurid association highly suggests the Shanwang area was a forest biotope during the Miocene, and indicates an obviously "Transitional Zone" between the modem Oriental Region and the Palearctic Region.     

A NEW GENUS OF TAPIRIDAE FROM SHANWANG, SHANDONG

<正> While helping to curate the jumbled specimens accumulated at the Shanwang Paleontological Museum in 1985, the senior authors of the present paper were happy enough to find a tapirid specimen. Through careful preparation it turned out to be a part of articulated skeleton consisting of skull, lower jaw, cervical and some anterior dorsal vertebrae and a scapula. As most of the other fossils from Shanwang, it is laterally compressed, therefore, no width could actually be measured. The nasal bones of the skull have become vertically oriented through compression. Otherwise the skull is little deformed. In order to study the tooth morphology closely, we had to extract most of the teeth from the left side of the tightly occlused tooth battery. All this notwithstanding, the skull represents one of the few well preserved specimens among the tapirid fossils ever found.     

山东山旺发现中新世大型猛禽化石

记述了山东山旺地区发现的首件大型猛禽类化石。一新属种,Ｑｉｌｕｏｒｎｉｓ ｔａｉｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓｇｅｎ． ｅｔ ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．。新鸟较我国以前发现的中新世唯一一件大型猛禽类化石,江苏泗洪的顾氏中新鹫（Ｍｉｏａｏｐｉｕｓ ｇｕｉ Ｈｏｕ　１９８４）稍小,但保存更加完整并较进步。这一大型猛禽的发现,为研究早期猛禽的演化,以及山旺组地层与相关地层时代对比提供了重要的资料。     

NEW FOSSIL MICROMAMMALS FROM SHANWANG, SHANDONG

<正> In comparison with the recovery of macromammals from Shanwang, Shandong, the finds of micromammals from the locality are still rather small. Up to now, only three forms, Shanwangia unexpectula Young, 1977, Meinia asiatica Qiu, 1981 and Diatomys shantungensis Li, 1977 have been reported. Two taxa of small mammals described in this paper can be added to the list of the middle Miocene Shanwang fauna. The specimens in question were collected from the diatomaceous quarry in 1983.     

中新世毛蚊科新种——兼论Clothonopsis miocenica的分类位置

记述我国山东山旺中新统山旺组双翅目毛蚊科Plecia属3新种和Bibio属1新种.根据现代毛蚊类的生态学知识推断了中新世山旺地区的古生态特征.同时,讨论了Clothonopsis miocenica的基本特征以及分类描述中存在的问题,认为不能把这个种置于纺足目,应归入双翅目的毛蚊科.     

A new family of aphids (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha) from the Lower Cretaceous of Baissa, Transbaikalia

The family Rasnitsynaphididaefam. n. has a unique combination of characters: 9-segmented antennae; rhinaria arranged in many transverse rows, surrounding the antennal segments; segment IX narrower than other segments of flagellum, always without rhinaria; cubitus branches separated; ovipositor present; siphuncular pores absent. The new family comprises the genus Rasnitsynaphisgen. n. with three species, Rasnitsynaphis ennearticulatasp. n., Rasnitsynaphis coniunctasp. n., and Rasnitsynaphis quadratasp. n., all from the Lower Cretaceous of Transbaikalia.     

山东山旺Palaeomeryx化石的初步研究

Palaeomeryx 在含义、性质和分类位置上,一直是一个争论较多的属.最近在山旺发现的 Palaeomeryx 完整骨架,为解决上述问题提供了有价值的资料和证据. Palaeomeryx 雄性具有一对眶上\"皮骨角\"和单一的\"枕顶角\".根据共近裔性状的分析,本文作者认为 Palaeomeryx 应该归入长颈鹿,作为这一支中最早分出的一个旁支.长颈鹿和鹿科有较近的亲缘关系,而和牛科的关系较远. Palaeomeryx 大概位于 Blastomeryx 和 Leptomeryx 之间,从反刍类主干中分出.山旺的材料,代表本属中一个较原始的新种: Palaeomeryx tricornis. 它的时代,可能相当于欧洲的 MN4 或 MN5.     

鲈形目少鳞鳜属(Coreoperca)化石在中国的首次发现

记述的山东少鳞鳜（新种）（Ｃｏｒｅｏｐｅｒｃａ ｓｈａｎｄｏｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ）是该属化石在我国的首次发现,标本产自山东山旺早中新世晚期山旺组纹层状硅藻页岩之上的含硅藻泥页岩中。山东少鳞鳜的发现,说明原始鳜类在中新世已发生分化,在中新世时期的中国大陆和日本列岛均已相当繁盛。少鳞鳜属可能并非起源于朝鲜和日本一带,之后扩散到中国,而是中新世广布于东亚的鱼类,这进一步支持了关于中国东部和日本列岛新生代晚期同属一个鱼类区系的观点。     

A new genus and two new species of aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) from north-west India

A new aphid genus Raychaudhuriella and two new specices viz. Raychaudhuriella myzaphoides and Rhopalosiphoninus sensoriatus are described from Himachal Pradesh, north-west Himalaya. The affinity of Raychaudhuriella gen. nov. is drawn with Aspidophorodon Verma, Cavariela del Guercio, Myazphis van der Goot, Tricaudatus Narzikulov and Vesiculaphis del Guercio. Figures and biometrical data of the new species have been provided.     

美蝎蛉化石在中国首次发现(昆虫纲,长翅目)

描述了美蝎蛉化石2新属2新种:Tsuchingothaumashihi gen.et sp.nov.,Typhothauma yixianensis gen. et sp.nov..化石采自于中国东北侏罗纪非海相地层中.这是美蝎蛉化石在中国的首次发现.新的化石表明美蝎蛉的早期分异在中侏罗世就已存在.     

山东临朐中新世山旺组昆虫蛀蚀遗迹

本文研究的昆虫遗迹化石材料产自山东临朐中新统山旺组,是鞘翅目棘胫小蠹虫科单配类群的雌虫在成熟后钻入榆树皮内产卵及孵化的幼虫成长时食木质部而留下的幼虫室雕痕。此遗迹化石的发现证明在中新世时中国华北地区已有小蠧虫生存,为丰富的山旺昆虫化石又增加新记录。     

翼手恙螨属二新种记述（蜱螨亚纲：恙螨科）

本记述了翼手恙螨属二新种：菊蝠翼手恙螨Chirioptella(Chiroptella)chrysantheurn,sp,nov,粗毛翼手恙螨Chirioptella(Chiroptella)chrysantheurn,sp,nov。     

山东山旺新发现的大型熊类化石

本文记述了山东山旺的三种大型熊类化石: Hymicyon (Phoberocyon) youngi, Thaumastocyoninae gen. et sp. n. (unnamed) 和 Amphicyon cf. confucianus.前两类是最近新发现的.在进化水平上,它们和欧洲及北美中中新世早期的同类动物相近.后一种仅以一枚 M_3 为代表,该材料可能是三十年代采集而未被研究的.如果我们对 Hemicyon (Phoberocyon) youngi (Chen), 1981 的看法和鉴定无误的话,那么种型化石的产地,即湖北钟祥的地质时代,应比原来想象的要早,可能与山旺的时代接近,即柜当于欧洲的 MN4 或 MN5.     

鄂西九里岗组植物化石新属种

报道了采自鄂西晚三叠世九里岗组的植物Radiatifolium magnusum gen. et sp. nov.,并订正了种名 Nilssonia hubeiensis nom. nov..因新属裂片的形态和脉序等与古生代的 Rhipidopsis 有些接近,认为其分类位置属银杏类的可能性较大;依据叶的分裂方式比较简单,裂片大小相差不大等,推测它可能代表银杏类中比较原始的类型.此外,对九里岗组植物群与我国南、北两个晚三叠世植物群的关系也作了扼要的讨论.     

A new Late Cretaceous family of Hymenoptera, and phylogeny of the Plumariidae and Chrysidoidea (Aculeata)

The taxonomic placement of an enigmatic species of wasp known from two specimens in Late Cretaceous New Jersey amber is investigated through cladistic analyses of 90 morphological characters for 33 terminals ranging across non-Aculeata, non-Chrysidoidea, most subfamilies of Chrysidoidea and all genera of Plumariidae (the family to which the fossils were initially assigned), based on use of exemplars. The fossil taxon is apparently basal in Chrysidoidea, most likely sister to Plumariidae, but perhaps sister to the remaining chrysidoids, or even sister to Chrysidoidea as a whole. It is described as representing a new family, Plumalexiidaefam. n., containing a single species, Plumalexius rasnitsynigen. et sp. n. Previous estimates of relationships for the genera of Plumariidae and for the higher taxa of Chrysidoidea are mostly confirmed. The importance of outgroup choice, and additivity and weighting of characters are demonstrated.     

滇、桂蝗虫新属和新种(直翅目,蝗总科)

记述采自云南西双版纳地区及广西河池地区蝗总科昆虫1新属、3新种及1新亚种,即云南板胸蝗Spathosternum prasiniferum yunnanense ssp.nov.,黑股切翅蝗Coptacra nigrifemura sp nov.,脊背蝗属Tectiacris gen.nov.,斑腿脊背蝗Tectiacris maculifemura sp.nov.及勐腊束颈蝗Sphingonotus menglaensis sp.nov..模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室.