产油真菌在甘薯淀粉废水中发酵的初步研究

目的:利用甘薯淀粉废水发酵低成本获取微生物油脂。方法:以甘薯淀粉废水为发酵基质,进行菌株筛选、发酵工艺优化及油脂成分的气相色谱分析。结果:筛选出一株刺孢小克银汉霉F7,生物量为19.375g/L,含油量为45.1%。菌株F7发酵第11天生物量达到18.140g/L,含油量达到51.2%,COD去除率87%。研究发现与对照相比,NaAc和KH2PO4对生长、产油以及出水COD去除有显著促进作用,NaAc2g/L时生物量提高了25.4%,含油量提高了4.4%,COD下降了52.0%,KH2PO4的作用稍次之。结论:资源化利用甘薯淀粉废水发酵生产微生物油脂同时降低废水COD是一条可行的途径,可以为生物柴油提供廉价油源。     

利用芽孢菌发酵废水培养小球藻的研究

研究表明,在25℃、光照12h／d（4500lx）条件下,芽孢茵发酵废水对小球藻的生长有促进作用,且促进作用随废水浓度的升高而增强。浓度为10％Ya发酵废水对小球藻的促进增殖作用与对照组相近,纯发酵废水培养的小球藻最高密度为对照组的7．4倍。研究同时表明,小球藻对芽孢菌发酵废水有较强的降解能力,通过10d的培养,发酵废液中的COD下降95．53％,氨态氮下降81．27％,亚硝酸盐氮下降88．33％。     

灵芝液体发酵清除自由基活性产物发酵条件的优化

以红灵芝(Ganoderma.lucidum)为实验菌株,对其液体发酵活性产物清除自由基的发酵条件进行了研究。实验考察了培养基成分对灵芝液体发酵所产生的有效产物清除自由基能力的影响。结果表明,葡萄糖、酵母粉分别为灵芝发酵活性产物清除自由基效果较合适的碳源、氮源,最佳质量浓度分别为40 g.L-1和3 g.L-1,清除自由基的能力分别为55.7%、40.8%和66.5%、50.6%;铁离子对灵芝发酵产物清除超氧阴离子具有明显的效果,适宜质量分数为70×10-6;清除超氧阴离子的能力为54.6%,而硒离子对灵芝发酵产物抑制羟自由基有明显的促进作用,最适的质量分数为90×10-6清除羟自由基的能力为67.7%。油酸能促进灵芝发酵产物的清除超氧阴离子和羟自由基的能力,适宜的质量分数为0.1%,清除两种自由基的能力分别为:73.7%,53%。     

固液态发酵条件对桑叶发酵提取物中降糖活性物质的影响

目的:探讨不同发酵条件对桑叶总黄酮、总多酚含量及体外降糖活性的影响。方法:本研究主要利用比色法考察固态、液态两种发酵条件对桑叶发酵物中总黄酮、总多酚含量的影响,同时建立α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶为体外降糖活性筛选模型,以期筛选最佳发酵条件。结果:液体发酵7 d桑叶70%乙醇提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率最高(92.79%);未发酵水提取物对α-淀粉酶抑制率最高(63.68%),其次为液体发酵7 d桑叶70%乙醇提取物(54.81%)。且在生药浓度为10 mg·m L-1时,都高于阳性对照阿卡波糖。结论:利用冠突散囊菌发酵,可以改变桑叶提取物的体外降糖活性,为开发糖尿病药物提供可行思路。     

拉曼被孢霉F5发酵生产γ-亚麻酸的研究

对拉曼被孢霉突变株F5发酵生产γ-亚麻酸的最适碳源、氮源、发酵时间及温度、无机盐离子添加、最适碳源浓度及补加碳源时间等发酵条件进行了研究探讨.最适发酵培养基组成为(g/L):葡萄糖100,酵母浸出粉4,蛋白胨1,K2HPO4 1,CaCl2 1×10-2,MgSO45×10-2,FeSO4 1×10-2,ZnSO4 7.5×10-3,CuSO4 0.5 × 10-5,MnSO4 2×10-3,pH 6.0.培养温度为25℃,140r/min振荡培养10天,培养8天后(即收获前2天)补加5%葡萄糖.发酵结果为:DC24.59g/L,TL 10.84g/L,TL/DC44.09%,GLA/TL10.67%,GLA产量为1156.63 mg/L. GLA产量较初始结果提高156.15%.该菌株已达到工业化生产菌株要求.     

γ-亚麻酸高产菌株的选育及发酵产物的分离提取

以深黄被孢霉AS3.3410为出发菌株发醇产生γ-亚麻酸,其菌体得率为10%,油脂含量为27%,γ-亚麻酸含量为3.3%。经过紫外线诱变处理。得到变异株M_6,其菌体得率为25%,油脂含量为32.8%,γ-亚麻酸含量为8.84%。传代实验表明,M_6具有良好的遗传稳定性。经摇瓶发酵条件试验,选出了最佳培养基配方,以10升罐进行发酵,结果为:菌体得率29.3%,油脂含量44.7%,γ-亚麻酸含量9.44%。菌体油脂提取方法的研究表明,以乙醇和正己烷对湿菌体进行分步抽提效果较好。     

酒精废水发酵生产白地霉

利用糖厂的酒精废水,进行了白地霉的摇瓶培养研究,在单因素试验基础上,得出了白地霉培养的适宜条件,即废水先稀释0．2倍,添加0．2％硫酸铵,0．1％磷酸,0．1％硫酸镁,初始pH值调整为4．5,接种量为10％,28℃-30℃,在这条件下,得到了0．6－0．7％的干物质发酵产率。     

大肠杆菌发酵生产L-色氨酸工艺简析

本文对L-色氨酸进行了简要概述,指出利用大肠杆菌工程菌直接发酵生产L-色氨酸为国内主流方法,并对其成熟的发酵工艺控制、提取工艺进行了简析,并指出部分可进一步优化的工艺点。其中发酵工艺简析包括菌种培养基增加一定溶度抗生素和控制发酵温度来控制质粒稳定性;分析物料作用并提出优化后的种子、发酵培养基组成;菌种无需控制溶氧,而发酵则用溶氧反馈补料;控制乙酸和氨氮浓度、顺序升温缩短周期降低抑制性副产物作用。分离提取工艺简析包括硫酸酸化p H2-3,陶瓷膜过滤并控制滤液平均单位为14000-18000u/ml,阳离子树脂纯化,醋酸调p H5.89,0.5%活性炭60℃脱色20-30min,蒸发浓缩结晶,纯化水洗涤整条工艺路线。     

D-核糖发酵条件研究

对枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis ptn15-1的发酵条件进行优化。采用优化后的培养基对发酵液的pH、发酵温度、摇床转速、接种量、装液量等进行单因素实验。确定发酵最适发酵条件为：pH7.0,发酵温度37℃;摇床转速180r/min,接种量10%,300mL三角瓶装30mL发酵液,发酵时间为68h。在此条件下,该菌的D-核糖产量从31.7g/L提高到43.1g/L,提高了35.9%。     

重组人白细胞介素-11工程菌的发酵条件研究

为了探讨发酵条件对大肠杆菌表达人白细胞介素-11融合蛋白的影响,利用正交实验设计,对工程菌的生长条件和人白细胞介素-11融合蛋白表达进行优化。在摇瓶中研究了培养基中的葡萄糖、蛋白胨、酵母抽提物的浓度、pH及摇床转速、装液量、接种量等。确定了工程菌生长及表达的培养基和培养条件:葡萄糖10g/L,蛋白胨20g/L,酵母抽提物10g/L,pH7.5,接种量10%,装液量10%,摇床转速220r/min及诱导时间为4~5h。然后在BiofloⅢ-5L发酵罐中以优化的发酵条件进行了3批实验,结果表明:工程菌量达到55g/L(DCW),重组人白细胞介素-11融合蛋白表达量为33%左右,为进行中试研究奠定了理论基础。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism