植酸酶phyAm基因结构延伸突变改善酶的热稳定性

将来源于黑曲霉N25的植酸酶基因phyA^m重组于大肠杆菌表达载体pET-30b（＋）,以重组表达载体pET30b-FphyA^e为模板经PCR扩增获得结构延伸突变植酸酶基因phyA^m（在植酸酶基因C端增加了来源于pET-30b-FphyA^m载体上13氨基酸残基）。含突变基因的重组表达载体pPIC9k-phyA^e在GS115酵母中表达。纯化的突变酶pp-NP^e与野生型酶PP-NP^m-8相比：PP-NPA^e的最适反应温度上升了3气,75℃处理10min,热稳定性提高21％,比活力略有提高。最适反应pH为5．6,有效pH范围pH4,6到pH6．6。比未突变酶扩大了0.4单位。     

大肠杆菌植酸酶基因appA的克隆与高效表达

从猪粪便中分离并筛选出高效生产酸性植酸酶和磷酸酶双功酶(appA植酸酶)的大肠杆菌菌株。通过PCR方法从该菌株基因组中扩增获得了植酸酶基因appA,测序结果显示该基因编码区全长1,299个核苷酸。将该基因克隆到原核表达载体pET-28a( )上,通过转化的大肠杆菌BL21在试管摇床培养条件下得到了高效表达,其表达量达到692U／mL。酶学特性分析表明其反应的最适pH为4．5,最适温度为60℃。     

易错PCR技术提高黑曲霉N25植酸酶活力的研究

利用易错PCR技术对黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)N25的植酸酶基因phyA进行定向进化研究,突变基因产物重组于表达载体pET32a(+)中,并导入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)构建突变体文库,经筛选获得了最佳突变菌株pET32a-phyAep,其植酸酶活力比出发酶提高了41.8%。突变酶的酶学性质研究发现,与野生酶相比,它的热稳定性,最适温度和最适pH值无显著变化。     

黑曲霉N14植酸酶基因在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的高效表达

从黑曲霉N14基因组DNA中扩增出植酸酶phyA基因表达片段 ,并将其克隆到pMD18-T载体中。以此片段构建了pPIC9K-phyA重组表达载体 ,目的片段以正确的阅读框架插入到pPIC9K的多克隆位点EcoRⅠ和NotⅠ之间。重组表达载体经XbaⅠ线性化处理 ,电击转化毕赤酵母 ,经G418抗性筛选、酶活性测定、PCR鉴定和SDS-PAGE分析 ,获得了两株产酶活性分别为 14 39583u mL发酵液 (PP N1422 )和14 89083u/mL发酵液 (PP-N1444)的高产工程菌 ,其酶活性分别是出发菌株酶活性 (422u/mL)的 34113倍和 35286倍 ,重组酵母具有很好的遗传稳定性。重组植酸酶在pH值 2.5～3.0和 5.0～5.5时酶活性最高 ,且在pH4.5～6.5之间均有相当高的酶活性 ,最适作用温度为55℃。     

大肠杆菌植酸酶基因appA的克隆与高效表达*

从猪粪便中分离并筛选出高效生产酸性植酸酶和磷酸酶双功酶(appA植酸酶)的大肠杆菌菌株。通过PCR方法从该菌株基因组中扩增获得了植酸酶基因appA,测序结果显示该基因编码区全长1,299个核苷酸。将该基因克隆到原核表达载体pET-28a(+)上,通过转化的大肠杆菌BL21在试管摇床培养条件下得到了高效表达,其表达量达到692U/mL。酶学特性分析表明其反应的最适pH为4.5,最适温度为60℃。     

植酸酶phyAm基因结构延伸突变改善酶的热稳定性

将来源于黑曲霉N25的植酸酶基因phyA^m重组于大肠杆菌表达载体pET30b(+),以重组表达载体pET30b-F-phyA^m为模板经PCR扩增获得结构延伸突变植酸酶基因phyA^e（在植酸酶基因C端增加了来源于pET-30b-F-phyA^m载体上13氨基酸残基）。含突变基因的重组表达载体pPIC9k-phyA^e在GS115酵母中表达。纯化的突变酶PP-NP-e与野生型酶PP-NP-m8相比：PP-NPAe的最适反应温度上升了3℃,75℃处理10min,热稳定性提高21%,比活力略有提高。最适反应pH为5.6,有效pH范围pH4.6到pH6.6。比未突变酶扩大了0.4单位。     

植酸酶产生菌黑曲霉N14的诱变选育及其基因分析

以植酸酶产生菌黑曲霉03214为出发菌株,经紫外线和亚硝基胍诱变,获得了产酶活性较出发菌株提高了22．3％,达422IU／ml发酵液的突变菌株黑曲霉N14,其最适pH值为2．5,最适温度为50℃。通过对黑曲霉N14植酸酶phyA基因进行PCR扩增,获得了一条长约1．5kb的特异性产物。以pMD18-T为载体,构建了含有目的基因片段的重组质粒。DNA序列测定表明,目的基因片段含有植酸酶phyA基因的完整序列(GenBank Accession：AY426977),phyA基因全长1506bp,其中包含一段长102bp的内含子,编码467个氨基酸,有10个潜在的糖基化位点,5’端有一编码19个氨基酸的信号肽序列。实验结果为植酸酶基因工程菌的构建奠定了基础。     

植酸酶phyA基因在解脂耶氏酵母po1h中的表达

本实验通过PCR方法从毕赤酵母GS115-phyA中扩增出不含有信号肽及内含子的黑曲霉NRRL3135植酸酶phyA基因,并将其克隆到表达载体pINA1297中,得到表达载体pINA1297-phyA,利用醋酸锂转化法将线性化载体转化到解脂耶氏酵母po1h中,通过YNBcasa和PPB平板筛选出阳性表达菌株,阳性菌株在YM培养基中28℃培养6d后酶活达到最大为636.23U/mL。表达上清经SDS-PAGE分析得到表达植酸酶分子量约为130kDa,但通过去糖基化处理后其分子量变为51kDa,与理论值相符。经过酶学性质分析表明重组植酸酶最适pH为5.5,最适温度为55℃,该酶在pH2.0~8.0处理1h后仍有较高酶活,并且90℃处理10min后还有86.08%的残留酶活,其抵抗胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶能力也较强。     

一株产纤维素酶的甲醇利用细菌的鉴定及其纤维素降解条件优化

采用刚果红染色法,从废弃矿山周边土壤中筛选出一株产纤维素酶的甲醇利用细菌,命名为xt-04。形态特征、生理试验及16SrDNA序列和gyrB序列分析表明,该菌株属于Bacillusmethylotrophicus。为提高该菌所产纤维素酶的降解能力,首先通过单因子实验考察了底物CMC—Na浓度、反应温度及缓冲液pH值对纤维素酶活力的影响;然后采用响应面分析法对影响纤维素酶活力的3个单因子进行了优化。结果表明,单因素实验得出的适宜反应温度、缓冲液pH和底物浓度分别为70℃、5．0和2％（20mg／mL）;响应面法得出的最高酶活力条件：反应温度、pH和底物浓度分别为66．1℃、4．81和19．01mg／mL。在最优条件下,酶活力达到17．85U／mL,比优化前的酶活力12．84U／mL提高了39．01％。因此,鉴于这种纤维素酶能耐受较高温度和酸性条件,该菌株所产纤维素酶可能在工业中具有良好的应用前景。     

产植酸酶菌株的分离筛选研究

研究了产植酸酶菌株分离筛选的方法 ,筛选得到分别适宜液态发酵和固态发酵的酶活力较高的黑曲霉XH和黑曲霉PA两菌株。在液态发酵KH2 PO4 对植酸酶产生有促进作用 ,其最佳用量为 8mg %;在固态发酵KH2 PO4 的添加对植酸酶的产生无明显促进作用。 2菌株所产植酸酶具有相似的酶学性质 ,最适作用温度为 5 5℃ ,当底物 pH为 3～ 5具有较高的酶活力。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.