PCR引物特异性核查系统(PSC)的构建与应用

聚合酶链式反应(PCR)虽已广泛用于分子生物学研究中,然而PCR实验中的非特异性产物问题将直接影响PCR的效率,在多重PCR实验中更是如此。为了最大限度地降低非特异性产物的出现率,同时避免用户频繁使用Blast比对检查非特异性,我们开发了基于NCBI-Blast的引物评估和模板DNA特异性结合能力评估的核查系统PSC(Primer Specificity Checking,http://biocompute.bmi.ac.cn/PSC),并基于虚拟PCR实验确定了用于引物质量核查计算的多种参数,能够在线提供多个物种的引物特异性核查结果。该系统可以有效地对引物序列可能产生的所有非特异性扩增进行预测,有助于实验前引物优化或者对非特异扩增结果进行解释,最终达到提高PCR效率的目的。     

过量DMSO显著降低低模板浓度PCR扩增的特异性

DMSO通常经验性地用于提高PCR扩增的效率,但是过量的DMSO可以显降低特异序列的扩增效率,尤其是导致非特异性扩增的现象却被忽视。在6％的DMSO存在时,开始出现非特异条带,同时特异扩增产物减少。本首次报道DMSO对PCR产物特异性的影响并确定了克服上述现象产生的途径,即通过增加模板－引物的比例消除非特异条带。而通常提高复性温度只能部分减少非特异产物,不能避免非特异扩增。本结果有助于提高常规PCR,尤其是分子遗传学分析中经常使用的随机扩增多态性DNA（random amplifeid polymorphic DNA,RAPD）检测的准确度。     

盐胁迫诱导的大麦基因差异性表达

大麦幼苗经 0 .2 0mol·L- 1 的NaCl溶液胁迫后 ,从幼根中提取细胞总RNA ,选择OligodT1 2 CA为锚定引物 ,反转录合成cDNA第一链 ,并以此为模板 ,用随机引物进行PCR扩增 ,琼脂糖电泳分离扩增产物 ,得到 5个在胁迫组中特异性表达而未经盐胁迫组中不表达的片段。结果表明大麦幼苗在盐胁迫时发生特异性基因表达     

东海原甲藻细胞色素b基因实时荧光定量PCR检测体系优化

为定量检测现场样品中东海原甲藻的细胞色素b(cytochrome b,Cytb)基因,本研究设计了该基因的特异性引物,并对现场样品反转录反应体系中加入的模板数量和定量PCR反应条件进行了优化.结果表明:设计的引物具有较好的特异性,可有效区分不同的藻类;针对现场样品,在20μL的反转录体系中,适宜加入的RNA模板的量为50 ～ 200 ng;PCR模板稀释10倍或向定量PCR反应体系中加入终浓度为0.2μg·μL-1的牛血清蛋白(BSA)均能有效降低现场样品中抑制物的抑制作用,减小干扰.该方法的建立对从分子水平探讨东海原甲藻暴发和消亡的内在机制具有重要意义.     

特异性DNA倍增技术(PCR)及其应用

特异性DNA倍增技术(PCR)是近年来发展的一种新技术,具有快速、简便、灵敏、特异性高和重复性好等优点,尤其适合于临床分子生物学检测。PCR技术包括三个循环过程:(1)模板DNA的变性,(2)模板DNA-引物的复性,(3)DNA聚合酶作用下的引物链的延伸。本文对耐高温Taq DNA聚合酶、PCR的反应体系、PCR产物特异性的影响因素和PCR技术的应用等几个方面进行了综述。     

三重RT-PCR同步检测马铃薯多种病毒影响因素

根据病毒外壳蛋白区序列设计PVX、PVS特异性引物对,根据P1基因区序列设计PVA特异性引物对,应用三重RT-PCR同步检测马铃薯X病毒,马铃薯A病毒及马铃薯S病毒,分别得到562bp、255bp、182bp大小的扩增片段。试验从反转录反应、PCR反应及循环条件3方面讨论了试剂和循环条件对三重RT-PCR同步检测3种病毒的影响。结果表明反转录反应中dNTPs浓度、3种病毒下游引物浓度比例对整个反应影响较大;其次是PCR反应中MgC12浓度和退火温度;反转录时间,循环条件对RT-PCR影响较小。     

反转录环介导等温扩增技术对丙型肝炎病毒1b和2a基因型检测北大核心CSCD

利用反转录环介导等温扩增技术(RT-LAMP)对中国主要的丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)1b和2a基因型进行扩增。首先,收集临床采样标本,对其进行定量和定性。第二,分别根据HCV 1b和HCV 2a序列的5’非转录区(5’UTR)设计相应的RT-LAMP引物。第三,利用与非特异模板的交叉反应以评价各引物的特异性,利用内切酶酶切产物以进一步保证扩增准确。第四,利用倍比稀释的模板以评价各引物的灵敏性,并用依赖钙黄绿素/Mn2+的可视化方法与电泳结果比较。最后,利用RT-LAMP对所有采样标本进行HCV 1b和HCV 2a两组平行反应,SPSS统计学软件对其实用性初步评价。结果显示,所设计的RT-LAMP引物特异性好,HCV 1b和HCV 2a型产物大小均与预期相同。最低可检测的模板量为100IU/mL,且可视化染色方法电泳结果相一致。统计学软件比较扩增结果表明RT-LAMP与实时荧光定量PCR之间没有统计学差异(P>0.05)。综上,RT-LAMP设备简单,操作简便,具有在基层医疗机构的应用前景。     

基于模板切换的mRNA5'末端全长扩增方法

本文介绍一种称为CapFinder的技术,可用于克隆基因mRNA序列的5'末端非翻译区全长。该技术是利用某些反转录酶在反转录达到mRNA的5'末端帽结构时表现出很高的加尾活性(主要添加dC)这一特点,在反转录体系中加入一种带GGG的寡核苷酸序列,当反转录反应到达mRNA模板的5'末端帽结构时,切换到以该寡核酸为模板继续进行反转录反应,即可合成完整的cDNA一链,且在其3'末端还带有一段额外的寡核苷酸序列。用GGG寡核苷酸序列为上游引物和基因特异性的下游引物进行PCR即可扩增得到mRNA5'末端非翻译区的全长。利用该技术克隆了棉铃虫幼虫中肠Bt毒素受体E-钙粘素基因的5'末端非翻译区序列。     

三重RT-PCR同步检测马铃薯多种病毒影响因素*

根据病毒外壳蛋白区序列设计PVX、PVS特异性引物对 ,根据P1基因区序列设计PVA特异性引物对 ,应用三重RT PCR同步检测马铃薯X病毒 ,马铃薯A病毒及马铃薯S病毒 ,分别得到 5 62bp、 2 5 5bp、 1 82bp大小的扩增片段。试验从反转录反应、PCR反应及循环条件 3方面讨论了试剂和循环条件对三重RT PCR同步检测 3种病毒的影响。结果表明反转录反应中dNTPs浓度、 3种病毒下游引物浓度比例对整个反应影响较大 ;其次是PCR反应中MgCl₂ 浓度和退火温度 ;     

链特异性RT-PCR方法检测口蹄疫病毒负链RNA

旨在建立一种快速、灵敏、特异的检测口蹄疫病毒在复制过程中产生的负链RNA的方法。根据口蹄疫病毒(foot-and-mouth disease virus,FMDV)病毒5’-非编码区(5’-UTR)基因序列,设计了5条引物链特异性RT-PCR引物,建立检测口蹄疫病毒负链RNA的链特异性RT-PCR方法。提取FMD病毒RNA,应用设计的正向引物T1-H1做反转录引物,经反转录和RNA酶A消化后,再经两轮链特异性PCR扩增,可特异性地检测FMDV在复制过程中产生的负链RNA。所建立的检测口蹄疫病毒负链RNA的链特异性RT-PCR方法是一种可靠的方法,在确定细胞培养物和动物感染FMDV的病毒复制和了解病毒的致病性研究中具有应用前景。     

反相胶束体系中的酶学研究

反胶束是新的酶学研究体系,酶在反胶束体系中的性质与在水溶液中相比有较大区别.评述了反胶束体系的性质及酶在其中的催化活性及构象变化,讨论了影响酶活性及构象变化的各种因素,并简单介绍了反胶束酶学研究及应用的最新进展.     

Reverse gyrase: an insight into the role of DNA-topoisomerases

Reverse gyrase was discovered more than twenty years ago. Recent biochemical and structural results have greatly enhanced our understanding of their positive supercoiling mechanism. In addition to new biochemical properties, a fine tuning of reverse gyrase regulation in response to DNA damaging agents has been recently described. These data give us a new insight in the cellular role of reverse gyrase. Moreover, it has been proposed that reverse gyrase has been implicated in genome stability.     

Deactivation and conformational changes of cutinase in reverse micelles

Deactivation data and fluorescence intensity changes were used to probe functional and structural stability of cutinase in reverse micelles. A fast deactivation of cutinase in anionic (AOT) reverse micelles occurs due to a reversible denaturation process. The deactivation and denaturation of cutinase is slower in small cationic (CTAB/1-hexanol) reverse micelles and does not occur when the size of the cationic reverse micellar water-pool is larger than cutinase. In both systems, activity loss and denaturation are coupled processes showing the same trend with time. Denaturation is probably caused by the interaction between the enzyme and the surfactant interface of the reversed micelle. When the size of the empty reversed micelle water-pool is smaller than cutinase (at W0 5, with W0 being the water:surfactant concentration ratio) a three-state model describes denaturation and deactivation with an intermediate conformational state existing on the path from native to denaturated cutinase. This intermediate was clearly detected by an increase in activity and shows only minor conformational changes relative to the native state. At W0 20, the size of the empty water-pool was larger than cutinase and the data was well described by a two-state model for both anionic and cationic reverse micelles. For AOT reverse micelles at W0 20, the intermediate state became a transient state and the deactivation and denaturation were described by a two-state model in which only native and denaturated cutinase were present. For CTAB/1-hexanol reverse micelles at W0 20, the native cutinase was in equilibrium with an intermediate state, which did not suffer denaturation. 1-Hexanol showed a stabilizing effect on cutinase in reverse micelles, contributing to the higher stabilities observed in the cationic CTAB/1-hexanol reverse micelles. Copyright 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Imidazole-SDS-Zn reverse staining of proteins in gels containing or not SDS and microsequence of individual unmodified electroblotted proteins.

A reverse staining procedure is described for the detection of proteins in acrylamide and agarose gels with and without SDS. Protein detection occurs a few minutes after electrophoresis. The sensitivity on acrylamide gels is higher than that of Coomassie blue staining either on acrylamide gels or on electrotransferred membranes. Sequencing of protein bands only detected by reverse staining on the gel and not by Coomassie blue is demonstrated.