浙江金华市区地面苔藓植物分布与环境因子关系研究

金华市区地面苔藓植物共计有26科、68属、132种。计测了30个样点中主要苔藓植物的盖度和7种环境指标,应用典范对应分析(ccA)对所获得的数据进行了分析,作出了反映苔藓植物分布与环境关系的双向排序图,并讨论了主要的地面苔藓植物的生态分布特点。依据环境因子与前两个排序轴的相关系数大小,发现影响本地区地面生苔藓植物分布的主要环境因子分别为林冠层郁闭度、土壤水分、交通频度、草本层盖度、土层厚度和土层松散程度。     

苔藓植物对环境变化的响应及适应性研究进展

苔藓植物由于其结构相对简单,对环境变化的反应较为敏感,是一类良好的生物指示植物.本文综述了水分、光照、温度等方面的环境因子变化对苔藓植物的影响以及苔藓植物对环境污染的响应及适应的最近研究进展,以期促进国内深入开展苔藓植物对环境污染和全球变化的响应、适应及其生态指示作用等研究.     

苔藓植物对环境变化的响应和适应性

苔藓植物作为环境变化的指示植物在世界范围内已得到广泛应用.本文从温度、水分、干旱、光照、海拔以及着生基质等方面就苔藓植物对环境因子变化的响应和适应性进行了综述,以期促进苔藓植物的多样性保护以及环境污染和气候变化的苔藓生物监测研究.     

百里杜鹃国家森林公园苔藓植物分布及对环境因子关系研究

为了研究百里杜鹃国家森林公园苔藓植物的物种多样性, 对该公园中5 种典型植物配置杜鹃林苔藓植物进行调查, 计测了50 个样方中的苔藓植物。结果表明: 共采集到地面生苔藓植物16 科, 25 属, 47 种, 进行物种多样性比较,苔藓植物的Shannon-Wiener 和种间相遇机率指数较低, Simpson 指数则较高, 说明各种杜鹃林下总的物种丰富度均较低。优势度集中在少数种类如黄牛毛藓Ditrichum pallidum、曲尾藓Dwranum scoparium、葫芦藓Funaria hygrometrica、大灰藓Hypnum plumaeforme 等物种上; 采用典范对应分析CCA (Canonical Correlation Analysis)对5 个样24 种主要优势苔藓植物与环境因子间关系进行分析, 发现人为干扰度是影响苔藓植物分布和物种丰富度的主要影响因子, 其他影响因子依次为林木郁闭度、林木密度、海拔高度、坡位、坡度和坡向。     

武汉市城区苔藓植物多样性和分布及与环境因子的关系

对武汉市7个中心城区和部分远郊城区共26个样点73个样地的苔藓群落进行调查,采集苔藓植物样本共431份。经鉴定调查区内共有苔藓植物20科35属91种,其中狭叶小羽藓（Haplocladium angustifolium（Hampe et C.Muell.）Broth.）和钝叶绢藓（Entodon obtusatus Broth.）等为优势种,分布于其中的24个样点。多样性指数分析结果显示,位于青龙山国家森林公园的α多样性Patrick和Shannon-Wiener指数最高,说明该样点苔藓植物群落的复杂程度高,群落所含信息量大。Patrick指数与环境因子的Pearson相关性分析结果显示,土壤含水率和与主要干道距离是显著影响地面生苔藓植物多样性的环境因子,而显著影响树附生苔藓植物多样性的环境因子仅与距主要干道距离相关。用典范对应分析法（CCA）研究26个样点中苔藓植物的盖度与主要环境因子的关系,结果发现人为干扰程度、草本盖度、与城市主要干道的距离等对地面生和树附生苔藓植物的分布都有显著影响。其中地面生苔藓植物的分布受人为干扰和草本盖度影响最为显著;而树附生苔藓植物的分布受附生树干胸径及与主要干道距离影响最为显著。研究结果表明武汉市区苔藓植物的多样性和分布受人为干扰较大,树附生苔藓对汽车尾气等因素更为敏感。     

环境因子对湖泊岛屿苔藓植物分布和物种组成的影响

苔藓植物对环境有很强的敏感性,且具有广泛的适应性和强大的繁殖能力,在生态环境监测和生态恢复上具有重要作用。通过野外样地调查方法,回归分析和典范对应分析(CCA)探索了环境因子对物种分布和组成的影响,偏CCA计算了各环境因子对物种组成的总效应和净效应。结果表明:苔藓植物种类及物种组成相似性随着岛屿面积和岛屿海拔高度的增大而极显著的增大,随岛屿形状指数和岛屿离陆地最近距离的增大而显著的减小;8个环境因子共解释了物种组成变异的35.6%,其中基质、坡度、草本盖度、坡向、乔灌层郁闭度、人为干扰、空气湿度和海拔对物种组成的净效应达到显著水平(P0.05),但其作用强度依次减小;美灰藓Eurohypnum leptothallum是最优势种,受环境因素小,它在其发生的77.7%取样样方中盖度达到19.2%。     

苔藓植物分布及其物种多样性的研究评述

苔藓植物由于其重要的生态功能及其在植物界中的系统位置而日益受到人们的重视,但是随着全球气候的变化,其多样性受到严重的威胁。文中综述了苔藓植物分布和物种多样性的研究进展,并对其影响因素作了分析,认为环境条件,包括植被、气候、干扰度等均对分布和多样性产生重要影响。对苔藓植物研究方法进行了探讨,认为应对研究方法进行广泛深入的研究,引入新的研究方法和思路,为开展大尺度的苔藓植物综合研究和为生物多样性保护奠定基础。     

阳际峰自然保护区地面生苔藓植物分布与环境因子关系研究

在江西阳际峰自然保护区调查的25个样地中,共采集到地面生苔藓植物34科56属106种（包括1变种）。应用CCA排序法,首次定量分析了该区38种主要地面生苔藓植物与环境因子的关系。结果表明,苔藓植物的分布和生物多样性受环境因子的影响较大,湿度、基质是影响地面生苔藓植物分布的主要环境因子,其他影响因子依次为乔木郁闭度、灌木盖度、海拔高度、人为干扰和坡度。     

苔藓植物对环境变化的影响及适应性研究进展

苔藓植物由于其结构相对简单,对环境变化的反应较为敏感,是一类良好的生物指示植物,本文综述了水分、光照、温度等方面的环境因子变化对苔藓植物的影响以及苔藓植物对环境污染的响应及适应的最近研究进展,以期促进国内深入开展苔藓植物对环境污染和全球变化的响应、适应及其生态指示作用等研究。     

喀斯特石漠化过程中苔藓植物多样性及分布与环境关系

2012 年7 月对云南锅盖山喀斯特石漠化区进行野外调查, 共采集样品100 份, 采用经典形态分类法进行鉴定,分析了该区苔藓植物种类组成、物种丰富度、α 多样性指标、β 多样性指标、均匀度指数和石漠化过程中苔藓植物分布与主要环境因子的关系。结果表明: 该区有苔藓植物9 科17 属51 种; 山顶苔藓植物丰富度最高(0.595), 石芽区苔藓植物丰富度最低(–1.663), α 多样性指标和均匀度指数呈现出相同趋势: 石芽区到山脚明显增加, 其他样地间的变化不明显, β 多样性显示出物种从山腰到山顶变化最快, 群落从山脚到山腰变化变化最快; 不同石漠化等级区样地影响苔藓植物分布的主要环境因子为: 石芽区是干扰度和pH, 山脚和山腰是灌木度和草木度, 山上是海拔和乔木度。为该区喀斯特石漠化过程中苔藓植物分布状况提供参考, 并为保护喀斯特石漠化地区苔藓植物多样性提供基础数据。     

钦州湾秋季和春季浮游动物分布特征及影响因素

为了解钦州湾浮游动物群落的时空分布特征及与主要环境因子的关系,于2014年10月和2015年3月进行了秋季和春季两航次的调查。结果表明:该海湾的浮游动物群落有明显的季节变化。秋季共鉴定出12类87种,其中优势种有太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartia pacifica)、肥胖三角溞(Evadne tergestina)、亨生莹虾(Lucifer hanseni)、百陶箭虫(Sagitta bedoti)和长尾类幼虫(Macrura larvae);春季共鉴定出11类48种,优势种为中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)和太平洋纺锤水蚤;秋季浮游动物的平均丰度、生物量和多样性指数(528.92个/m~3、110.60 mg/m~3和2.22)均高于春季(48.30个/m~3、61.10 mg/m~3和1.70)。空间分布上,钦州湾外湾浮游动物丰度、生物量和多样性指数的平均值皆高于内湾。多维尺度分析表明,秋季内湾群落相似性较高,春季外湾浮游动物群落相似性较高。相关性分析表明盐度与营养盐是影响钦州湾浮游动物分布的主要环境因子。与2011—2012年数据相比,钦州湾浮游动物群落结构已趋于单一化和小型化,以致生物量明显下降。这一现象主要与钦州湾海水富营养化以及大面积高密度牡蛎养殖有密切的关系。     

Biogeographic patterns and cryptic speciation in bryophytes

Bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, hornworts) typically have broad geographical distributions that span two or more continents. Many species show classic patterns of disjunction that are similar to those found in many other groups of organisms (e.g. eastern Asia–eastern North America), and which are thought to result from fragmentation of previously continuous ranges (i.e. vicariance). However, in the bryophytes, these disjunctions often occur at the infra-specific level and suggest that morphological uniformity may belie complex underlying genetic structure. Recent demonstrations of cryptic speciation, revealed by analyses of isozymes and DNA sequence variation, support the interpretation that genetic subdivision has occurred within some morphologically uniform species. Evidence for cryptic or nearly cryptic speciation exists for seven species of liverworts and seven mosses. In most (but not all) cases, cryptic species have broadly overlapping geographical ranges, although many are ecologically differentiated. Future work should focus on species that display 'classic' patterns of disjunction at higher taxonomic levels in other organisms (e.g. eastern North America–eastern Asia, eastern or western North America–Europe, Gondwanic), and should utilize explicitly phylogenetic approaches.     

Diversity and floristic patterns of mediterranean grasslands: the relative influence of environmental and land management factors

Managed grasslands are normally ecosystems with high species diversity. They are associated with traditional extensive livestock grazing. Land-use changes, in particular gradual abandonment or grazing intensification, lead to major changes in floristic patterns of these grasslands, some included in priority habitats of the EU Habitats Directive. In order to analyse these patterns of change, Mediterranean grasslands of eastern areas of mainland Portugal were studied aiming to: (1) establish ecological gradients underlying their floristic patterns; (2) examine the relative importance of both environmental and land-use factors on their floristic composition; (3) assess how floristic composition and species richness are affected by land-use factors. Vegetation sampling was carried out from 2008 to 2009 following phytosociological procedures. Canonical Correspondence Analysis was applied. Variation partitioning was used to assess the relative influence of land-use variables. Richness, legumes cover, endemic species and bryophytes cover were compared in four land-management regimes: unmanaged; extensive grazing by sheep; extensive grazing by cattle and sheep; frequent soil tillage. Significant differences were found in floristic and diversity patterns, revealing the importance of grazing as a management tool for maintaining or improving floristic diversity. From our findings slight extensive grazing can contribute to both maintenance of species diversity and to the increase in legumes cover and thus to palatability and economic value of studied grasslands. Interactions between herbivores and grasslands, considering also their influences on soil properties, have an important role in the equilibrium states which promote biodiversity and conservation of the services of these ecosystems.     

Effects of environmental factors and heavy metals on the vertical distribution of bryophytes in a sinkhole environment

• A sinkhole ecosystem, as a refuge for plant diversity, has been subjected to intensive exploitation, leading to ecosystem destruction of sinkholes in China. Understanding the responses of bryophyte distribution to destruction of the sinkhole environment are crucial to implementing protection measures for bryophyte diversity.
• Haolong sinkhole in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China, the third largest sinkhole in the world, was selected as the study area. The Wilson Shmida index was used to analyse bryophyte species diversity; a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) was used to reveal species vertical distribution of bryophytes, the Single and Multiple Species Distribution Models (SSDM, MSDM) were used for analysis of the relationship between bryophyte species distribution, environmental factors and heavy metals.
• A total of 183 species from 74 genera in 36 families of bryophytes were collected from Haolong sinkhole, of which 26 species are endemic to China. Bryophyte species diversity was ranked in the order: agricultural section < forest section < grassland. In the vertical direction, bryophyte distribution was divided into point, disjunctive and continuous distributions using the GLM. The SSMA and MSDM indicated that bryophyte species of each of these three distributions can be divided into a temperature–slope zone, light–depth–pH–humidity zone, Pb (B)–Hg (B) zone and mixed heavy metals zone according to the effect of environmental factors and heavy metals such as As.
• Environmental factors or heavy metals, such as As, in Haolong sinkhole effectively cooperate in bryophyte distribution. An effective way to protect bryophyte diversity, in particular species endemic to China in the sinkhole environment, is through education and involvement of the local villagers to minimize further damage to the sinkhole environment.

     

中国西南喀斯特地区植被变化时空特征及其成因

2000年以来,国家在中国西南喀斯特地区开展一系列生态治理工程,该地区退化生态系统得到一定程度的恢复,而2008年开展石漠化综合治理工程以来该地区的植被覆盖和生产力如何变化尚不清楚。本研究利用遥感增强型植被指数(EVI)和总初级生产力(GPP)数据,研究2000—2015年西南喀斯特地区植被EVI年均值和GPP年总量的时空变化特征,重点探讨2008年以来石漠化综合治理工程、气候变化等因素对植被覆盖及生长的影响,进而评估石漠化综合治理工程的成效。结果表明,2000—2015年西南喀斯特地区植被EVI总体显著增加,其中2008—2015年植被EVI均值和变化率分别比2000—2007年高6.9%和85.7%,EVI显著增加的区域占西南喀斯特地区的13.4%;该区域GPP年总量亦呈显著增加趋势(20.58 g C m-2a-1)。2008—2015年气温和降水对植被EVI变化趋势的贡献仅占28.3%,退耕还林还草等生态恢复措施、大气CO2浓度、大气氮沉降的增加可能是该区域植被覆盖显著增加的主要贡献因子。在100个首批石漠化综合治理试点县中,大部分试点县植被EVI的变化趋势受非气候因子的影响,其中治理面积大的县受非气候因子的影响显著高于治理面积小的县,表明石漠化综合治理工程的实施有效地促进了试点县植被覆盖的增加。     

Spruce forest bryophytes in central Norway and their relationship to environmental factors including modern forestry

In this study of bryophyte diversity in 110 patches of spruce forests of bilberry, small fern, low herb, tall fern and tall herb type in Ser-Trøndelag, central Norway, each patch (from 0 24 to 9 33 ha) was classified as one main vegetation type and one successional stage or cutting class The bryophytes in each patch were censused in randomly established squares of 10 × 10 m, supplemented by complete sampling in the rest of the patch A number of environmental variables was sampled, and the data sets treated with DCA and CCA Altogether 210 bryophytes (71 liverworts and 139 mosses) were found in the squares, and 285 (96 liverworts and 189 mosses) in the forest patches The average number of liverworts, mosses and bryophytes in forest patches increased gradually from the dry and poor to the moist and rich forest types Several red listed and other interesting spruce forest species had their only or main occurrence in the rich and humid forest, and in old cutting classes     

长白山森林生态系统树附生苔藓植物分布与环境关系研究

应用除趋势典范对应分析（ＤＣＣＡ）、除趋势对应分析（ＤＣＡ）对长白山不同森林类型３６仆样点的树生苔藓植物与环境关系的研究表明,海拔高度、树干离地面的高度、附生树的种类是影响附生苔藓植物分布最重要的环境因子,树干倾斜度与倾斜方向也影响到苔藓在树干不同方向上的分布。     

浙江金华市郊地面苔藓植物生态位研究

在金华市郊不同生境设立30个样点。调查发现共有67种地面苔藓植物。计测了其中的54个主要种类的生态位重叠值和宽度,以生态位重叠值为指标,应用最小生成树法和主坐标排序法对它们进行分类。结果发现,金华市郊的地面生苔藓植物可被分成3个生态类群,苔藓植物种数(N)与生态位宽度(B)符合:N=27.304e 11.425B(R2=0.9915),大部分的地面生苔藓植物生态位宽度很窄。