烟草环斑病毒外壳蛋白基因的原核表达及抗血清的制备

烟草环斑病毒(Tobaccoringspotvirus,TRSV)是我国二类进境检疫危险性有害生物,对农业生产危害较大。本研究依据TRSV外壳蛋白基因cp序列设计合成了2条引物,通过RT-PCR扩增得到长约1500bp的目的片段。将目的片段与质粒pET-22b( )连接,构建了含TRSVcp基因的融合蛋白原核表达载体pETRSV-CP。序列分析表明,TRSV-SD1的cp基因全长1548bp,编码515个氨基酸与GenBank中其它TRSV分离物cp基因相比,核苷酸及推导的氨基酸序列同源性为90.7%~94.6%。将pETRSV-CP转入大肠杆菌,诱导表达。SDS-PAGE结果显示,表达的TRSVCP融合蛋白的相对分子质量约为58kDa。以此融合蛋白制备的抗血清的效价为1/1024,抗血清与TRSV具有良好的特异性反应。     

麦二叉蚜体内病毒结合蛋白基因的克隆和原核表达

从麦二叉蚜体内克隆了一个DNA片段,经序列测定表明该片段全长为1647bp,编码548个氨基酸.与禾谷缢管蚜的病毒结合蛋白基因核苷酸同源性为92%,氨基酸的同源性为96%,从而认为这是病毒结合蛋白基因(GenBank登录号为AF434719).构建了该基因的原核表达载体pBVSG和pETSG,用pBVSG表达出63kD的非融合目的蛋白,用pETSG表达出69kD的融合蛋白,二者均有较高的表达量.以纯化的融合蛋白免疫家兔,制备了此病毒结合蛋白的抗血清,用琼脂双扩散法测定效价为1∶512.     

中华蜜蜂蜂毒镇静肽基因的cDNA克隆和表达

从中华蜜蜂 (Apisceranacerana)工蜂毒腺中快速抽提总RNA ,用RT PCR扩增得到大小约为2 5 0bp的cDNA片段 ,测序得到的片段长度为 2 34bp ,为蜂毒前镇静肽原 (preprosecapin)基因编码区的cDNA .以 3′RACE方法 ,扩增和测定了 3′端非编码区 2 19bp序列 .中蜂前镇静肽原cDNA序列与已报道的欧洲意蜂该基因cDNA序列具有 92 %同源性 ,氨基酸序列具有 87%同源性 .代表成熟肽镇静肽的最后 2 5个氨基酸序列 ,中蜂与意蜂同源性为 88% .3′端非编码区cDNA序列与欧洲意蜂序列有 73 1%同源性 .将中华蜜蜂蜂毒镇静肽成熟肽编码区与 3′非编码区部分克隆 ,构建了镇静肽与谷胱甘肽转移酶融合表达的载体pGEX AcSecapin .将载体转化大肠杆菌BL2 1(DE3)进行融合表达 .表达产物与抗GST抗体在 2 9kD处有很强的交叉反应 .大肠杆菌超声破碎后的上清液用SDS PAGE检测到表达的蛋白多为可溶性融合蛋白 ,通过亲和层析柱纯化和凝血酶的切割得到了镇静肽蛋白     

猪丹毒丝菌C43311株spaA基因N端免疫保护区的克隆和表达

采用PCR从猪丹毒丝菌C43311株基因组中扩增出编码表面保护性抗原A的spaA基因片段,将其克隆到pMD18-T载体并对插入片段进行测序.用spaA基因N端免疫保护区(spaA-N)的特异引物从重组质粒pMD18-spaA中扩增得到spaA-N片段,将其定向插入原核表达载体pGEX-6p-2中,构建重组表达质粒pGEX-spaA-N,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),在IPTG诱导下表达融合蛋白GST-SpaA-N,用SDS-PAGE和Western印迹检测表达产物.测序结果表明spaA基因片段大小为1881bp,与已报道的不同血清型菌株spaA基因的核苷酸序列比较,核苷酸序列同源性在93%～99%之间.SDS-PAGE结果显示表达蛋白约为64kDa,与预期的大小相近.Western印迹检测结果表明,表达的融合蛋白GST-SpaA-N能与C43311株SpaA蛋白的抗血清发生特异性反应,证明原核融合表达蛋白具有免疫反应性.     

传染性支气管炎病毒核衣壳蛋白基因克隆及在E.coli中的表达

核衣壳蛋白基因 (N基因 )是传染性支气管炎病毒的重要结构基因 .根据已报道的序列设计引物 ,利用RT PCR技术从病毒RNA中扩增和克隆到了N基因的cDNA ,并测定了核苷酸序列 .克隆的N基因片段ORF全长 12 30bp ,编码 4 0 9个氨基酸 .将该片段序列与其他IBV病毒株比较 ,核苷酸的同一性为 87 0 %～ 98 6 %,氨基酸的同一性为 91 0 %～ 98 1%.将该cDNA亚克隆到pBV2 2 0表达载体 ,转化大肠杆菌DH5α菌株 ,Western印迹检测 ,获得了分子量约 4 5kD表达蛋白     

侵染辣椒的黄瓜花叶病毒CP基因的序列分析、原核表达及抗血清制备

从吉林长春感病辣椒上获得一黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)分离物(CMV-CC),根据GenBank中已登录的CMV外壳蛋白(coat protein,CP)基因核苷酸序列设计简并引物,通过RT-PCR的方法克隆到了长度为657 bp的目的片段。序列分析表明,CMV-CC与CMVI组各分离物核苷酸同源性为93.2%-97.9%。根据完整CP基因核苷酸序列构建的系统进化树显示:38个CMV分离物可分为3个组,CMV-CC属于CMV的IB亚组。将CMV-CC CP基因与原核表达载体pET-22b(+)连接,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)诱导表达出分子量约27 kD的融合蛋白。表达的融合蛋白经树脂纯化后免疫家兔制备了抗血清。用间接ELISA测定抗血清效价为1/4 096。Western blotting分析表明制备的抗血清对CP有高度特异性,为准确、快速地检测CMV奠定了基础。     

KDP胞外502～764位氨基酸基因合成、表达及功能鉴定

应用基因搭桥法及 Taq酶聚合反应合成了编码人血管内皮生长因子受体 - ( h VEGFR- ,KDR)第 50 2～ 764位 2 62个氨基酸的基因片段 .DNA序列分析表明 ,合成的 786bp的基因片段与文献报道的 KDR相应 c DNA序列完全一致 .将该基因与原核融合蛋白表达载体 p GEX- 3X重组 ,在大肠杆菌 JM1 0 9中表达了 GST- KDR2 62融合蛋白 ,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的 35% .表达产物依次经包涵体分离、变性、复性、亲合层析纯化和 Xa因子酶解 ,获得了 KDR2 62目的蛋白纯品 .GST-KDR2 62融合蛋白和纯化产物经 Western blot分析 ,两者均可被 VEGF1 65特异性识别 ,前者分子量约 56k D,后者分子量约 30 k D;这两种蛋白用 VEGF1 65及其抗体进行的 ELISA分析结果均显示阳性 ,并有剂量依赖关系 ,而用 Xa因子酶解 GST- KDR2 62融合蛋白获得的 GST和空载体诱导产物对照均为阴性 .以上结果表明表达的 KDR2 62蛋白可特异性地与 VEGF结合 .     

鳜传染性脾肾坏死病毒主要衣壳蛋白基因的原核表达

根据鳜鱼传染性脾肾坏死病毒(Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus, ISKNV)主要衣壳蛋白(Major Capsid protein, MCP)基因(mcp)序列设计引物,PCR扩增得到一长约1400bp的DNA片段, 将其克隆到pGEM-T Easy Vector.氨基酸亲水性分析表明,在150-250位氨基酸之间亲水性很高,可构成主要抗原决定簇及形成跨膜区.mcp基因经PCR改造后克隆至原核表达载体pBV220,构建表达MCP的大肠杆菌基因工程菌,该工程菌经42℃诱导,SDS-PAGE检测,在约50kDa处有一特异蛋白带,含量约为菌体总蛋白的23%.用纯化和复性后的蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔制备抗血清,Western-blotting分析显示,重组MCP制备的抗血清能与ISKNV MCP特异结合,说明表达产物具有与ISKNV MCP相似的抗原特性.     

新疆准噶尔小胸鳖甲抗冻蛋白基因的克隆和抗冻活性分析

根据GenBank中已发表的昆虫抗冻蛋白基因的保守序列设计引物,利用RT-PCR技术结合3'-RACE扩增的方法,从新疆荒漠昆虫准噶尔小胸鳖甲 Microdera punctipenis dzunarica中获得了长约294 bp不含信号肽的抗冻蛋白cDNA片段,命名为MpAFP5,其全长序列为363 bp(GenBank注册号为：AY821792)。基因测序结果表明, MpAFP5-cDNA片段与加拿大拟步甲Dendroides canadensis AFP 8基因片段、黄粉甲Tenebrio molitor THP 4-9基因片段的核苷酸同源性分别达68.4%和71.8%,氨基酸序列同源性分别达70%和81%。将MpAFP5构建到原核表达载体pGEX4T-1中,重组质粒pGEX4T-1-MpAFP5在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中能够表达融合抗冻蛋白,SDS-PAGE分析显示融合蛋白的分子量约为37 kD,Western印迹分析证明MpAFP5在大肠杆菌中正确表达。细菌的抗冻实验结果显示准噶尔小胸鳖甲融合抗冻蛋白对细菌具有显著的抗冻保护作用,保护效果与抗冻蛋白剂量呈正相关性。     

汉坦病毒陈株S基因编码区的克隆、序列分析及表达

从汉坦病毒陈株感染的Vero-E6细胞裂解液中提取病毒RNA,经逆转录PCR获得病毒S基因编码区约1.3kb cDNA片段,克隆该片段后进行核苷酸序列测定,并与汉坦病毒76-118株进行同源性比较,结果二者核苷酸序列同源性为86%,推导的氨基酸序列同源性为97%.将该基因片段插入原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1,在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达.表达产物为GST-NP融合蛋白.SDS-PAGE检测表达蛋白分子约72kD左右.Western blotting和ELISA试验结果表明,表达产物可与多株抗汉坦病毒核蛋白的McAb发生反应,其抗原表位及McAb反应谱与76-118株相比存在某些差异.     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

Synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phosphatidylserine of myelin and microsomal fractions of adult and developing rat brain.

The synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phospholipids was followed in microsomal and myelin fractions of developing and adult rat brains after an intracerebral injection of [U-14C]serine. The kinetics of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal and myelin cerebrosides indicate the possibility of a precursor-product relationship between cerebrosides of these membranes. The specific radioactivity of myelin cerebrosides was corrected for the deposition of newly formed cerebrosides in myelin. Multiphasic curves were obtained for the decline in specific radioactivity of myelin and microsomal cerebrosides, suggesting different cerebroside pools in these membranes. The half-life of the fast turning-over pool of cerebrosides of myelin was 7 and 22 days for the developing and adult rat brain respectively. The half-life of the slowly turning-over pool of myelin cerebrosides was about 145 days for both groups of animals. The half-life of the rapidly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was calculated to be 20 and 40 h for the developing and adult animals respectively. The half-life of the intermediate and slowly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was 11 and 60 days respectively, for both groups of animals. The amount of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal cerebrosides from L-serine was greatly decreased in the adult animals, and greater amounts of the precursor were directed towards the synthesis of phosphatidylserine. In the developing animals, considerable amounts of cerebrosides were synthesized from L-serine, besides phosphatidylserine. The time-course of incorporation indicated that a precursor-product relationship exists between microsomal and myelin phosphatidylserine. The half-life of microsomal phosphatidylserine was calculated to be about 8 h for the fast turning-over pool in both groups of animals.     

Identification and composition of the tonsillar and anal enterococcal and streptococcal flora of dogs and cats

Enterococcus faecalis was the most frequently isolated enterococcal species from anal swabs and tonsils of dogs and cats, although in the anal samples from dogs Ent. hirae was found almost as often as Ent. faecalis. Most Ent.faecium strains from dog tonsils differed from those associated with humans and other animals in that they fermented sorbitol. Typical Ent. avium as well as atypical Ent. avium -like strains were seen in dogs, while the related species Ent. raffinosus was associated with cat tonsils. Enterococcus cecorum also occurred mainly in cats. Certain atypical strains, presumptively identified as Ent. cecorum , shared characteristics with Ent. columbae.
The most frequent streptococcal species in tonsils of cats and dogs were Streptococcus suis and Strep. canis. Streptococcus canis and Strep. bovis predominated in anal swabs. The canine Strep. suis differed from the common porcine strains in fermenting mannitol.
Forty-seven of the 288 isolates examined could not be identified or related to known species. The characteristics of two groups of these bacteria, provisionally called 'Ton 31 group' and 'O7 group' are described.     

Molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and assessment of zoonotic transmission

The molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is essential for accurately identifying organisms and assessing zoonotic transmission. Results of recent molecular epidemiological studies strongly suggest that zoonotic transmission plays an important role in cryptosporidiosis epidemiology. In such cases the most prevalent zoonotic species is Cryptosporidium parvum. Genotyping and subtyping data suggest that zoonotic transmission is not as prevalent in the epidemiology of giardiasis. Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is a relatively recent application that is evolving as new genes are found that increase the accuracy of identification while discovering a greater diversity of species and yet unnamed taxa within these two important genera. As molecular data accumulate, our understanding of the role of zoonotic transmission in epidemiology and clinical manifestations is becoming clearer.     

白术同源四倍体的诱导和鉴定及其与二倍体过氧化物酶的比较

以白术（Atractylodes macrooephala Koidz.）二倍体组培苗为材料,对其四倍体诱导方法进行研究,共获得45个白术同源四倍体株系,为优良株系的选育提供了材料。此外,还分析比较了其中8个白术四倍体株系与二倍体的过氧化物酶同工酶（POD）的酶谱差异,发现四倍体各株系过氧化物酶同工酶谱比二倍体的均多了Rf0.310的谱带,且总过氧化物酶比活力也发生了很大改变,对探讨白术四倍体优良株系的生理生化机理具有一定的参考价值。     

Kinetics and thermodynamics of peroxidase- and laccase-catalyzed oxidation of N-substituted phenothiazines and phenoxazines

N -substituted phenothiazines (PTs) and phenoxazines (POs) catalyzed by fungal Coprinus cinereus peroxidase and Polyporus pinsitus laccase were investigated at pH 4–10. In the case of peroxidase, an apparent bimolecular rate constant (expressed as k _cat/K _m) varied from 1 ×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹to 2.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 7.0. The constants for PO oxidation were higher in comparison to PT. pH dependence revealed two or three ionizable groups with pK _a values of 4.9–5.7 and 7.7–9.7 that significantly affected the activity of peroxidase. Single-turnover experiments showed that the limiting step of PT oxidation was reduction of compound II and second-order rate constants were obtained which were consistent with the constants at steady-state conditions. Laccase-catalyzed PT and PO oxidation rates were lower; apparent bimolecular rate constants varied from 1.8×10⁵M⁻¹s⁻¹ to 2.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 5.3. PO constants were higher in comparison to PT, as was the case with peroxidase. The dependence of the apparent bimolecular constants of compound II or copper type 1 reduction, in the case of peroxidase or laccase, respectively, was analyzed in the framework of the Marcus outer-sphere electron-transfer theory. Peroxidase-catalyzed reactions with PT, as well as PO, fitted the same hyperbolic dependence with a maximal oxidation rate of 1.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ and a reorganization energy of 0.30 eV. The respective parameters for laccase were 5.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ and 0.29 eV. Received: 20 September 1999 / Accepted: 24 February 2000