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1.
Cipriani G Marrazzo MT Marconi R Cimato A Testolin R 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2002,104(2-3):223-228
We have isolated and sequenced 52 microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) from nearly 60 positive clones obtained
from two ’Frantoio’ olive genomic libraries enriched in (AC/GT) and (AG/CT) repeats, respectively. The repeat-containing fragments
obtained from genomic DNA restricted with Tsp509I were separated using a biotinylated probe bound to streptavidin-coated paramagnetic beads. Fragments were then cloned into
lambda ZAPII vector and sequenced. Thirty of the 36 primer pairs which gave correct re-amplification in the source genome
were used to assay the polymorphism of 12 olive cultivars, namely four well-known cultivars (’Coratina’, ’Frantoio’, ’Leccino’,
’Pendolino’) and eight ancient cultivars grown locally near Lake Garda (’Casaliva’, ’Favarol’, ’Fort’, ’Grignan’, ’Less’,
’Raza’, ’Rossanel’, ’Trep’). The local cultivars were each re- presented by two to four long-lived individuals. The analysis
was carried out using 33P-labelled primers and 6% polyacrylamide sequencing gels. All except two microsatellites showed polymorphism, the number of
alleles varying from 1 to 5. The average genetic diversity (H) was 0.55. The power of discrimination (PD) was 0.60. All cultivars, including the local ones, were easily separated from each other. Variations in the SSR pattern
were observed among individual plants of the same cultivar in four out of the eight local cultivars analysed. Several primer
pairs (17%) amplified more than one locus.
Received: 23 March 2001 / Accepted 17 May 2001 相似文献
2.
Mokhtar Guerfel Alexandros Beis Tasos Zotos Dalenda Boujnah Mokhtar Zarrouk Angelos Patakas 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2009,31(4):825-831
Differences in abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation between two olive cultivars were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
in roots and leaves, leaf water potential (Ψl), stomatal conductance (g
s) as well as photosynthetic rate (A) were also determined in well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) plants of two olive
cultivars ‘Chemlali’ and ‘Chetoui’. ‘Chemlali’ was able to maintain higher leaf CO2 assimilation rate and leaf stomatal conductance throughout the drought cycle when compared with ‘Chetoui’. Furthermore, leaf
water potential of ‘Chemlali’ decreased in lower extent than in Chetoui in response to water deficit. Interestingly, significant
differences in water-stress-induced ABA accumulation were observed between the two olive cultivars and reflect the degree
of stress experienced. Chemlali, a drought tolerant cultivar, accumulated lower levels of ABA in their leaves to regulate
stomatal control in response to water stress compared to the drought sensitive olive cultivar ‘Chetoui’ which accumulated
ABA in large amount. 相似文献
3.
K. Sato T. Inukai P. M. Hayes 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2001,102(6-7):916-920
Barley is compatible with the rice blast pathogen (Pyricularia oryzae Cav.). Fiftyfour barley cultivars of diverse geographic origin and pedigree were inoculated with three isolates of the rice
blast pathogen. All barley genotypes showed blast disease symptoms when inoculated at the seedling stage with each of the
three isolates. However, one genotype showed quantitative resistance to all three isolates and three genotypes showed quantitative
resistance to one or two of the isolates. By inoculating a set of doubled-haploid lines derived from the cross ’Harrington’
(susceptible) and ’TR306’ (resistant) with isolate Ken 54–20, we mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) determining seedling
stage blast resistance. At all QTLs, TR306 contributed the resistance alleles. The four QTLs, when considered jointly, explained
43.6% of the phenotypic variation in blast symptom expression. A comparison of the blast resistance QTLs with other disease
resistance QTLs reported in this population revealed a region on chromosome 4 (4H) with multiple disease resistance loci.
It will be useful to capitalize on the syntenic relationship of rice and barley and to integrate information on species-specific
resistance genes with information on the reaction of the two species to the same pathogen.
Received: 7 January 2000 / Accepted: 22 September 2000 相似文献
4.
Application of microsatellites in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for studying genetic differentiation caused by selection for adaptation and use 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
M. Stachel T. Lelley H. Grausgruber J. Vollmann 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2000,100(2):242-248
For studying genetic differentiation caused by selection for adaptation and end-use, the allele frequencies of 42 microsatellites
(MS), representative of the three wheat genomes, were analysed in a total of 60 wheat cultivars. The cultivars originate from
three agroecological areas (AEAs) – Germany, Austria and Hungary – and represent equal numbers of ’quality wheats’ and ’feed
wheats’ for each country. For the 42 loci, 202 alleles were detected using PAGE and silver staining. The average number of
alleles per locus was 4.8, including four monomorphic loci. For 16 loci, null alleles were detected. Cluster analysis clearly
differentiated the varieties according to the three AEAs and, within each AEA, into quality wheats from feed wheats. Analysis
of variance revealed highly significant differences of distance data between AEAs as well as between quality groups. The correlation
between genetic distance (GD) and pedigree data (coefficient of diversity, COD) was r
s=0.45. The results have proven the excellent resolving power of MS in varietal differentiation, which arises through breeding
under specific environmental conditions, and for different end-use.
Received: 15 March 1999 / 17 June 1999 相似文献
5.
Inheritance of microspore embryogenic ability in Brassica crops 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
F. L. Zhang Y. Takahata 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2001,103(2-3):254-258
Inheritance of microspore embryogenic ability in oilseed rape (Brassica
napus L.) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis) was examined by 4 × 4 diallel crosses using cultivars showing a different response. In both species, embryo yields of most F1 hybrids were similar to, or over, the high responsive parent and some F1s showed intermediate embryo yields between their parents. Diallel analysis showed that both additive and dominant effects
were significant at the 1% level for the genetic control of microspore embryogenic ability in both species. Dominant genes
had positive effects on microspore embryogenesis. In oilseed rape, the additive effects were important, while in Chinese cabbage
the dominant effects were largely contributed. The broad- and narrow-sense heritabilities were 0.972 and 0.811 in oilseed
rape, and 0.959 and 0.659 in Chinese cabbage, respectively. From the results of the segregation of embryo yields in the F2 population of ’Lisandra’×’Kamikita’, it is considered that the microspore embryogenic ability is controlled by two loci with
additive effects in oilseed rape.
Received: 6 September 2000 / Accepted: 24 November 2000 相似文献
6.
Ana Delia Gisbert José Martínez-Calvo Gerardo Llácer María Luisa Badenes Carlos Romero 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2009,23(3):523-538
Loquat [Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.] is a Rosaceae fruit species of growing interest as an alternative to the main fruit crops. However, only
a few genetic studies have been carried out on this species. This paper reports the construction of the first genetic maps
of two loquat cultivars based on AFLP and microsatellite markers from Malus, Eriobotrya, Pyrus and Prunus genera. An F1 population consisting of 81 individuals, derived from the cross between ‘Algerie’ and ‘Zaozhong-6’ cultivars, was used to
construct both maps. A total of 111 scorable simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci resulted from the testing of 440 SSR primer
pairs in the analyzed progeny and the SSR transferability to Eriobotrya was found to be 74% from apple, 58% from pear and 49% from Prunus spp. In addition, 183 AFLP polymorphic bands were produced using 42 primer combinations. The ‘Algerie’ map was organized
in 17 linkage groups covering a distance of 900 cM and comprising 177 loci (83 SSRs and 94 AFLPs) with an average marker distance
of 5.1 cM. Self-incompatibility trait was mapped at the distal part of the LG17 linkage group, as previously reported in Malus and Pyrus. The ‘Zaozhong-6’ map covered 870 cM comprising 146 loci (64 SSRs and 82 AFLPs) with an average marker distance of 5.9 cM.
The 44 SSRs and the 48 AFLPs share in common by both maps were essentially collinear and, moreover, the order of the 75% of
apple and pear SSRs mapped in Eriobotrya was shown to be consistent across the Maloideae subfamily. As a whole, these maps represent a useful tool to facilitate loquat
breeding and an interesting framework for map comparison in the Rosaceae. 相似文献
7.
Development of STS markers closely linked to the Ppd-H1 photoperiod response gene of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
L. Decousset S. Griffiths R. P. Dunford N. Pratchett D. A. Laurie 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2000,101(8):1202-1206
A BC2 population of 353 plants segregating for the Ppd-H1 photoperiod response gene was developed from a cross between the winter barley ’Igri’ and the spring barley ’Triumph.’ Bulk
segregant analysis identified six AFLP markers closely linked to the Ppd–H1 gene and three strongly amplified AFLP bands that mapped 0.8-cM distal, 0.6-cM proximal and 2.3-cm proximal to Ppd-H1 were cloned and sequenced. Southern-blot analysis showed that the cloned fragments were single-copy sequences in ’Igri’,
the variety from which they were derived. Two of the sequences were absent from ’Triumph’ while the third detected a single-copy
sequence. The cloned fragments were used to design specific sequence tagged site (STS) primer pairs to assist in the construction
of a high-resolution map of the Ppd-H1 region.
Received: 22 March 2000 / Accepted: 10 April 2000 相似文献
8.
The effects of water deficit on photochemical parameters and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase
and glutathione reductase were investigated in two olive cultivars differing in drought tolerance — ‘Chemlali’ and ‘Chetoui’.
After 30 days without irrigation, leaf water potential fell to −5.5 MPa that was accompanied by a marked decrease in net photosynthesis
in ‘Chetoui’ olive cultivar. Maximal efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) decreased slightly in ‘Chemlali’ (28 %) and substantially in ‘Chétoui’ (47 %). Both cultivars showed a similar decline (about
25 %) in the photochemical quenching coefficient, but only the drought-sensitive olive cultivar exhibited an enhancement (31
%) of non-photochemical fluorescence quenching under water deficit conditions. The quantum yield of electron transport decreased
in both olive cultivars. ‘Chemlali’ showed a higher protection against oxidative stress, as judged from the lower levels of
the malondialdehyde production. Catalase activity was higher in ‘Chetoui’. Glutathione reductase activity was increased similarly
in both olive cultivars under water stress. Ascorbate peroxidase activity was enhanced in ‘Chemlali’ under water stress, but
was unaffected in ‘Chetoui’. While, superoxide dismutase activity was inhibited in both cultivars under water stress, but
higher activity was detected in ‘Chemlali’. Thus, the ability to increase ascorbate peroxidase and a higher superoxide dismutase
activity might be an important attribute linked to the drought tolerance in ‘Chemlali’ olive cultivar. 相似文献
9.
P. B. Cregan J. Mudge E. W. Fickus D. Danesh R. Denny N. D. Young 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1999,99(5):811-818
The soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines Inchinoe) is the most economically significant soybean pest. The principal strategy to reduce or eliminate damage from this
pest is the use of resistant cultivars. Identifying resistant segregants in a breeding program is a difficult and expensive
process which is complicated by the oligogenic nature of the resistance and genetic variability in the pathogen. Fortunately,
resistance at one SCN-resistance locus, rhg1, is generally accepted as a necessity for the development of resistant genotypes using any source of resistance and when challenged
by any SCN race. Thus, the development of SCN resistant cultivars would be expedited if an effective and rapid system were
available to identify breeding lines carrying a resistance allele at the rhg1 locus. In this study we report two simple sequence repeat (SSR) or microsatellite loci that cosegregate and map 0.4 cM from
rhg1. Allelic variation at the first of these loci, BARC-Satt309, distinguished most, if not all, SCN-susceptible genotypes from
those carrying resistance at rhg1 derived from the important SCN-resistance sources ’Peking’, PI 437654, and PI 90763. BARC-Satt309 was also effective in distinguishing
SCN resistance sources PI 88788 and PI 209332 from many, but not all, susceptible genotypes. BARC-Satt309 cannot be used in
marker-assisted selection in populations developed from typical southern US cultivars crossed with the important resistance
sources PI 88788 or PI 209332 because these genotypes all carry the identical allele at the BARC-Satt309 locus. A second SSR
locus, BARC-Sat_168, was developed from a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone that was identified using the primers
to BARC-Satt309. BARC-Sat_168 distinguished PI 88788 and PI 209332 from southern US cultivars such as ’Lee’, ’Bragg’ and ’Essex’.
Both BARC-Satt309 and BARC-Sat_168 were used to assay lines from SCN-susceptible×SCN-resistant crosses and proved to be highly
effective in identifying lines carrying rhg1 resistance from those carrying the allele for SCN susceptibility at the rhg1 locus.
Received: 5 November 1998 / Accepted: 3 February 1999 相似文献
10.
Aligning male and female linkage maps of apple (Malus pumila Mill.) using multi-allelic markers 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
C. Maliepaard F. H. Alston G. van Arkel L. M. Brown E. Chevreau F. Dunemann K. M. Evans S. Gardiner P. Guilford A. W. van Heusden J. Janse F. Laurens J. R. Lynn A. G. Manganaris A. P. M. den Nijs N. Periam E. Rikkerink P. Roche C. Ryder S. Sansavini H. Schmidt S. Tartarini J. J. Verhaegh M. Vrielink-van Ginkel G. J. King 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,97(1-2):60-73
Linkage maps for the apple cultivars ‘Prima’ and ‘Fiesta’ were constructed using RFLP, RAPD, isozyme, AFLP, SCAR and microsatellite
markers in a ‘Prima’בFiesta’ progeny of 152 individuals. Seventeen linkage groups, putatively corresponding to the seventeen
haploid apple chromosomes, were obtained for each parent. These maps were aligned using 67 multi-allelic markers that were
heterozygous in both parents. A large number of duplicate RFLP loci was observed and, in several instances, linked RFLP markers
in one linkage group showed corresponding linkage in another linkage group. Distorted segregation was observed mainly in two
regions of the genome, especially in the male parent alleles. Map positions were provided for resistance genes to scab and
rosy leaf curling aphid (Vf and Sd
1, respectively) for the fruit acidity gene Ma and for the self-incompatibility locus S. The high marker density and large number of mapped codominant RFLPs and some microsatellite markers make this map an ideal
reference map for use in other progenies also and a valuable tool for the mapping of quantitative trait loci.
Received: 17 November 1997 / Accepted: 9 December 1997 相似文献
11.
Common loci underlie field resistance to soybean sudden death syndrome in Forrest,Pyramid, Essex,and Douglas 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Njiti VN Meksem K Iqbal MJ Johnson JE Kassem MA Zobrist KF Kilo VY Lightfoot DA 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2002,104(2-3):294-300
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] sudden death syndrome (SDS) caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines results in severe yield losses. Resistant cultivars offer the most-effective protection against yield losses but resistant
cultivars such as ’Forrest’ and ’Pyramid’ vary in the nature of their response to SDS. Loci underlying SDS resistance in ’Essex’ × Forrest
are well defined. Our objectives were to identify and characterize loci and alleles that underlie field resistance to SDS
in Pyramid×’Douglas’. SDS disease incidence and disease severity were determined in replicated field trials in six environments
over 4 years. One hundred and twelve polymorphic DNA markers were compared with SDS disease response among 90 recombinant
inbred lines from the cross Pyramid×Douglas. Two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to SDS derived their beneficial
alleles from Pyramid, identified on linkage group G by BARC-Satt163 (261-bp allele, P=0.0005, R2=16.0%) and linkage group N by BARC-Satt080 (230-bp allele, P=0.0009, R2=15.6%). Beneficial alleles of both QTLs were previously identified in Forrest. A QTL for re- sistance to SDS on linkage group
C2 identified by BARC-Satt307 (292-bp allele, P=0.0008, R2=13.6%) derived the beneficial allele from Douglas. A beneficial allele of this QTL was previously identified in Essex. Recombinant
inbred lines that carry the beneficial alleles for all three QTLs for resistance to SDS were significantly (P≤0.05) more resistant than other recombinant inbred lines . Among these recombinant inbred lines resistance to SDS was environmentally
stable. Therefore, gene pyramiding will be an effective method for developing cultivars with stable resistance to SDS.
Received: 20 October 1999 / Accepted: 22 May 2001 相似文献
12.
G. Besnard P. Baradat A. Bervillé 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2001,102(2-3):251-258
One hundred and two olive RAPD profiles were sampled from all around the Mediterranean Basin. Twenty four clusters of RAPD
profiles were shown in the dendrogram based on the Ward’s minimum variance algorithm using chi-square distances. Factorial
discriminant analyses showed that RAPD profiles were correlated with the use of the fruits and the country or region of origin
of the cultivars. This suggests that cultivar selection has occurred in different genetic pools and in different areas. Mitochondrial
DNA RFLP analyses were also performed. These mitotypes supported the conclusion also that multilocal olive selection has occurred.
This prediction for the use of cultivars will help olive growers to choose new foreign cultivars for testing them before an
eventual introduction if they are well adapted to local conditions.
Received: 10 April 2000 / Accepted: 15 May 2000 相似文献
13.
T. N. Zhebentyayeva G. L. Reighard D. Lalli V. M. Gorina B. Krška A. G. Abbott 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2008,4(3):403-417
Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and targeted simple sequence repeats (SSR) were employed to assess genetic
similarity of North American apricots having natural resistance to plum pox virus (PPV) within diversified germplasm including
six nondomesticated apricot species. On a dendrogram constructed from 231 AFLP loci, the position of the North American cultivars
reflects relatedness to the European apricots and introgression of non-European germplasm as well. The occurrence of diagnostic
AFLP markers supports an introgression of Chinese germplasm into the North American PPV resistant assortment and supports
a different breeding history for ‘Stark Early Orange’ (SEO) and Goldrich-Harlayne lineages. Five SSR loci linked to the PPV
resistance region on G1 provided evidence that the investigated lineages (SEO and ‘Harlayne’–‘Goldrich’) have the same or
related source of resistance introduced presumably from Northern China. Possible introgression of genetic material from nondomesticated
apricots P. mandshurica sp, P. sibirica var. davidiana and P. mume sp. was detected and discussed.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
14.
This study analyzed genetic differences of 19 cultivars selected from somaclonal variants of Syngonium podophyllum Schott along with their parents as well as seven additional Syngonium species and six other aroids using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers generated by 12 primer sets. Among the 19 somaclonal cultivars, ‘Pink Allusion’ was selected from ‘White Butterfly’. Tissue culture of ‘Pink Allusion’ through organogenesis resulted in the development of 13 additional cultivars. Self-pollination of ‘Pink Allusion’ obtained a cultivar, ‘Regina Red Allusion’, and tissue culture propagation of ‘Regina Red Allusion’ led to the release of five other cultivars. The 12 primer sets generated a total of 1,583 scorable fragments from all accessions, of which 1,284 were polymorphic (81.9%). The percentages of polymorphic fragments within ‘White Butterfly’ and ‘Regina Red Allusion’ groups, however, were only 1.2% and 0.4%, respectively. Jaccard's similarity coefficients among somaclonal cultivars derived from ‘White Butterfly’ and ‘Regina Red Allusion’, on average, were 0.98 and 0.99, respectively. Seven out of the 15 cultivars from the ‘White Butterfly’ group and three out of six from the ‘Regina Red Allusion’ group were clearly distinguished by AFLP analysis as unique fragments were associated with respective cultivars. The unsuccessful attempt to distinguish the remaining eight cultivars from the ‘White Butterfly’ group and three from the ‘Regina Red Allusion’ group was not attributed to experimental errors or the number of primer sets used; rather it is hypothesized to be caused by DNA methylation and/or some rare mutations. This study also calls for increased genetic diversity of cultivated Syngonium as they are largely derived from somaclonal variants. 相似文献
15.
Groos C Gay G Perretant MR Gervais L Bernard M Dedryver F Charmet G 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2002,104(1):39-47
In many wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growing areas, pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) may cause important damage, and in particular, it has deleterious effects on
bread-making quality. The relationship between PHS and grain color is well known and could be due either to the pleiotropic
effect of genes controlling red-testa pigmentation (R) or to linkage between these genes and other genes affecting PHS. In the present work, we have studied a population of 194
recombinant inbred lines from the cross between two cultivars, ’Renan’ and ’Récital’, in order to detect QTLs for both PHS
resistance and grain color. The variety ’Renan’ has red kernels and is resistant to PHS, while ’Récital’ has white grain and
is highly susceptible to PHS. A molecular-marker linkage map of this cross was constructed using SSRs, RFLPs and AFLPs. The
population was evaluated over 2 years at Clermont-Ferrand (France). PHS was evaluated on mature spikes under controlled conditions
and red-grain color was measured using a chromameter. Over the 2 years, we detected four QTLs for PHS, all of them being co-localized
with QTLs for grain color. Three of them were located on the long arm of chromosomes 3 A, 3B and 3D, close to the loci where
the genes R and taVp1 were previously mapped. For these three QTLs, the resistance to PHS is due to the allele of the variety ’Renan’. Another
co-located QTL for PHS and grain color was detected on the short arm of chromosome 5 A. The resistance for PHS for this QTL
is due to the allele of ’Récital’.
Received: 13 December 2000 / Accepted: 24 April 2001 相似文献
16.
X. Wang R. Trigiano M. Windham B. Scheffler T. Rinehart J. Spiers 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2008,4(3):461-468
Abundant, codominant simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers can be used for constructing genetic linkage maps and in marker-assisted
breeding programs. Enrichment methods for SSR motifs were optimized with the ultimate aim of developing numerous loci in flowering
dogwood (C. florida L.) genome. Small insert libraries using four motifs (GT, CT, TGG, and AAC) were constructed with C. florida ‘Cherokee Brave’ deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Colony polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of 2,208 selected clones with three
primers we reported previously indicated that 47% or 1,034 of the clones harbored one of the four targeted SSR motifs. Sequencing
the putative positive clones confirmed that nearly 99% (1,021 of 1,034) of them contained the desired motifs. Of the 871 unique
SSR loci, 617 were dinucleotide repeats (70.8%), and 254 were trinucleotide or longer repeats (29.2%). In total, 379 SSR loci
had perfect structure, 237 had interrupted, and 255 had compound structure. Primer pairs were designed from 351 unique sequences.
The ability of the 351 SSR primer pairs to amplify specific loci was evaluated with genomic DNA of ‘Appalachian Spring’ and
‘Cherokee Brave’. Of these primers, 311 successfully amplified product(s) with ‘Cherokee Brave’ DNA, 21 produced weak or faint
products, and 19 did not amplify any products. Additionally, 218 of the 311 primers pairs revealed polymorphisms between the
two cultivars, and 20 out of 218 primers detected an average of 13.7 alleles from 38 selected Cornus species and hybrids. These SSR loci constitute a valuable resource of ideal markers for both genetic linkage mapping and
gene tagging of flowering dogwood.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
17.
Delourme R Piel N Horvais R Pouilly N Domin C Vallée P Falentin C Manzanares-Dauleux MJ Renard M 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2008,117(7):1055-1067
The most common and effective way to control phoma stem canker (blackleg) caused by Leptosphaeria maculans in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is by breeding resistant cultivars. Specific resistance genes have been identified in B. napus and related species but in some B. napus cultivars resistance is polygenic [mediated by quantitative trait loci (QTL)], postulated to be race non-specific and durable.
The genetic basis of quantitative resistance in the French winter oilseed rape ‘Darmor’, which was derived from ‘Jet Neuf’,
was previously examined in two genetic backgrounds. Stable QTL involved in blackleg resistance across year and genetic backgrounds
were identified. In this study, near isogenic lines (NILs) were produced in the susceptible background ‘Yudal’ for four of
these QTL using marker-assisted selection. Various strategies were used to develop new molecular markers, which were mapped
in these QTL regions. These were used to characterize the length and homozygosity of the ‘Darmor-bzh’ introgressed segment in the NILs. Individuals from each NIL were evaluated in blackleg disease field trials and assessed
for their level of stem canker in comparison to the recurrent line ‘Yudal’. The effect of QTL LmA2 was clearly validated and to a lesser extent, QTL LmA9 also showed an effect on the disease level. This work provides valuable material that can be used to study the mode of action
of genetic factors involved in L. maculans quantitative resistance. 相似文献
18.
Blatter RH Jacomet S Schlumbaum A 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2002,104(2-3):329-337
A partial promoter region of the high-molecular weight (HMW) glutenin genes was studied in two wheat specimens, a 300 year-old
spelt (Triticum spelta L.) and an approximately 250 year-old bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from Switzerland. Sequences were compared to a recent Swiss landrace T. spelta ’Oberkulmer.’ The alleles from the historical bread wheat were most similar to those of modern T. aestivum cultivars, whereas in the historical and the recent spelt specific alleles were detected. Pairwise genetic distances up to
0.03 within 200 bp from the HMW Glu-A1-2, Glu-B1-1 and Glu-B1-2 alleles in spelt to the most-similar alleles from bread wheat
suggest a polyphyletic origin. The spelt Glu-B1-1 allele, which was unlike the corresponding alleles in bread wheat, was closer
related to an allele found in tetraploid wheat cultivars. The results are discussed in context of the origin of European spelt.
Received: 22 July 2000 / Accepted: 27 April 2001 相似文献
19.
K. J. Williams A. Lichon P. Gianquitto J. M. Kretschmer A. Karakousis S. Manning P. Langridge H. Wallwork 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1999,99(1-2):323-327
Spot form of net blotch (SFNB) (Pyrenophora teres f maculata) is an economically damaging foliar disease of barley in many of the world’s cereal growing areas. The development of SFNB-resistant
cultivars may be accelerated through the use of molecular markers. A screen for SFNB resistance in 96 lines identified four
new sources of resistance, including a feed variety, ‘Galleon’, for which a fully mapped doubled haploid population was available.
Segregation data indicated SFNB resistance was conferred by a single gene in the ‘Galleon’בHaruna Nijo’ cross, positioned
on the long arm of chromosome 7H. This gene is designated Rpt4 and is flanked by the RFLP loci Xpsr117(D) and Xcdo673 at distances of 6.9 cM and 25.9 cM, respectively. The marker Xpsr117(D) was validated using another population segregating for Rpt4, correctly predicting SFNB resistance with more than 90% accuracy.
Received: 24 September 1998 / Accepted: 19 December 1998 相似文献
20.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the differential responses of flower opening to ethylene in two cut rose cultivars,
‘Samantha’, whose opening process is promoted, and ‘Kardinal’, whose opening process is inhibited by ethylene. Ethylene production
and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase and oxidase activities were determined first. After ethylene treatment,
ethylene production, ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) activities in petals increased and peaked at the earlier stage
(stage 3) in ‘Samantha’, and they were much more dramatically enhanced and peaked at the later stage (stage 4) in ‘Kardinal’
than control during vasing. cDNA fragments of three Rh-ACSs and one Rh-ACO genes were cloned and designated as Rh-ACS1, Rh-ACS2, Rh-ACS3 and Rh-ACO1 respectively. Northern blotting analysis revealed that, among three genes of ACS, ethylene-induced expression patterns of
Rh-ACS3 gene corresponded to ACS activity and ethylene production in both cultivars. A more dramatic accumulation of Rh-ACS3 mRNA was induced by ethylene in ‘Kardinal’ than that of ‘Samantha’. As an ethylene action inhibitor, STS at concentration
of 0.2 mmol/L generally inhibited the expression of Rh-ACSs and Rh-ACO in both cultivars, although it induced the expression of Rh-ACS3 transiently in ‘Kardinal’. Our results suggests that ‘Kardinal’ is more sensitive to ethylene than ‘Samantha’; and the changes
of Rh-ACS3 expression caused by ethylene might be related to the acceleration of flower opening in ‘Samantha’ and the inhibition in
‘Kardinal’. Additional results indicated that three Rh-ACSs genes were differentially associated with flower opening and senescence as well as wounding. 相似文献