共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Gregory S. Rash P. P. Belliappa Mark P. Wachowiak Naveen N. Somia Amit Gupta 《Journal of biomechanics》1999,32(12):151-1341
This study demonstrates the validity of using 3-D video motion analysis to measure hand motion. Several researchers have devised ingenious methods to study normal and abnormal hand movements. Although very helpful, these earlier studies are static representations of a dynamic phenomenon. Despite the many studies of hand motion using scientifically impeccable techniques, little is known about digital motion, and there are still few researchers investigating dynamic three-dimensional motion of the hand. Results from a three-camera video motion analysis system were compared to those from the “gold standard”, 2-D lateral view fluoroscopy. We used these two methods to record hand motion simultaneously during unrestricted flexion and extension of the index finger of the dominant hand in 6 neurologically normal, healthy volunteers. After collection and post-processing, the waveforms of the PIP, DIP and MCP joint angles were compared using the adjusted coefficient of multiple determination (R2a, or CMD). The mean CMD values for the MCP, PIP and DIP joint angle waveforms were 0.96, 0.98 and 0.94, respectively, suggesting a close similarity between motion of comparable joints analyzed by the 2-D and 3-D methods. This shows that the method of 3-D motion analysis is capable of accurately quantifying digital joint motion.
It is anticipated that 3-D motion analysis, in addition to being used as a research tool, will also have clinical applications such as surgical planning in neuromuscular disorders and the documentation of abnormal motion in many other pathological hand conditions. 相似文献
2.
The role of the forearm (extrinsic) finger flexor muscles in initiating rotation of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint and in coordinating flexion at the MCP, the proximal interphalangeal (PIP), and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints remains a matter of some debate. To address the biomechanical feasibility of the extrinsic flexors performing these actions, a computer simulation of the index finger was created. The model consisted of a planar open-link chain comprised of three revolute joints and four links, driven by the change in length of the flexor muscles. Passive joint characteristics, included in the model, were obtained from system identification experiments involving the application of angular perturbations to the joint of interest. Simulation results reveal that in the absence of passive joint torque, shortening of the extrinsic flexors results in PIP flexion (80°), but DIP (8°) and MCP (7°) joint extension. The inclusion of normal physiological levels of passive joint torque, however, results in simultaneous flexion of all three joints (63° for DIP, 75° for PIP, and 43° for MCP). Applicability of the simulation results was confirmed by recording finger motion produced by electrical stimulation of the extrinsic flexor muscles for the index finger. These findings support the view that the extrinsic flexor muscles can initiate MCP flexion, and produce simultaneous motion at the MCP, PIP, and DIP joints. 相似文献
3.
The role of the intrinsic finger flexor muscles was investigated during finger flexion tasks. A suspension system was used to measure isometric finger forces when the point of force application varied along fingers in a distal-proximal direction. Two biomechanical models, with consideration of extensor mechanism Extensor Mechanism Model (EMM) and without consideration of extensor mechanism Flexor Model (FM), were used to calculate forces of extrinsic and intrinsic finger flexors. When the point of force application was at the distal phalanx, the extrinsic flexor muscles flexor digitorum profundus, FDP, and flexor digitorum superficialis, FDS, accounted for over 80% of the summed force of all flexors, and therefore were the major contributors to the joint flexion at the distal interphalangeal (DIP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP), and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints. When the point of force application was at the DIP joint, the FDS accounted for more than 70% of the total force of all flexors, and was the major contributor to the PIP and MCP joint flexion. When the force of application was at the PIP joint, the intrinsic muscle group was the major contributor for MCP flexion, accounting for more than 70% of the combined force of all flexors. The results suggest that the effects of the extensor mechanism on the flexors are relatively small when the location of force application is distal to the PIP joint. When the external force is applied proximally to the PIP joint, the extensor mechanism has large influence on force production of all flexors. The current study provides an experimental protocol and biomechanical models that allow estimation of the effects of extensor mechanism on both the extrinsic and intrinsic flexors in various loading conditions, as well as differentiating the contribution of the intrinsic and extrinsic finger flexors during isometric flexion. 相似文献
4.
This study investigated the effects of the finger extensor mechanism on the bone-to-bone contact forces at the interphalangeal and metacarpal joints and also on the forces in the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles during finger pressing. This was done with finger postures ranging from very flexed to fully extended. The role of the finger extensor mechanism was investigated by using two alternative finger models, one which omitted the extensor mechanism and another which included it. A six-camera three-dimensional motion analysis system was used to capture the finger posture during maximum voluntary isometric pressing. The fingertip loads were recorded simultaneously using a force plate system. Two three-dimensional biomechanical finger models, a minimal model without extensor mechanism and a full model with extensor mechanism (tendon network), were used to calculate the joint bone-to-bone contact forces and the extrinsic and intrinsic muscle forces. If the full model is assumed to be realistic, then the results suggest some useful biomechanical advantages provided by the tendon network of the extensor mechanism. It was found that the forces in the intrinsic muscles (interosseus group and lumbrical) are significantly reduced by 22% to 61% due to the action of the extensor mechanism, with the greatest reductions in more flexed postures. The bone-to-bone contact force at the MCP joint is reduced by 10% to 41%. This suggests that the extensor mechanism may help to reduce the risk of injury at the finger joints and also to moderate the forces in intrinsic muscles. These apparent biomechanical advantages may be a result of the extensor mechanism''s distinctive interconnected fibrous structure, through which the contraction of the intrinsic muscles as flexors of the MCP joint can generate extensions at the DIP and PIP joints. 相似文献
5.
Measurements of wrist and finger postures: a comparison of goniometric and motion capture techniques
A marker-based kinematic hand model to quantify finger postures was developed and compared to manual goniometric measurements. The model was implemented with data collected from static postures of five subjects. The metacarpal phalangeal (MCP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints were positioned in flexion of approximately 30, 60, and 90 degrees for 5 subjects. Wrist flexion/extension and ulnar/radial deviations were also examined. The model-based angles for the MCP and PIP joints were not statistically equivalent to the goniometric measurements, with differences of -1.8 degrees and +3.5 degrees, respectively. Differences between the two measurement methods for the MCP and PIP were found to be a function of the posture (i.e., 150, 120, or 90 degree blocks) used. Wrist measurements differed by -4.0 degrees for ulnar/radial deviation and +5.2 degrees for flexion/extension. Much of the difference between the model and goniometric measurements is believed due to inaccuracies in the goniometric measurements. The proposed model is useful for future investigations of finger-intensive activities by supplying accurate and unbiased measures of joint angles. 相似文献
6.
A kinematic model has been developed for simulation and prediction of the prehensile capabilities of the human hand. The kinematic skeleton of the hand is characterized by ideal joints and simple segments. Finger-joint angulation is characterized by yaw (abduction-adduction), pitch (flexion-extension) and roll (axial rotation) angles. The model is based on an algorithm that determines contact between two ellipsoids, which are used to approximate the geometry of the cutaneous surface of the hand segments. The model predicts the hand posture (joint angles) for power grasp of ellipsoidal objects by 'wrapping' the fingers around the object. Algorithms for two grip types are included: (1) a transverse volar grasp, which has the thumb abducted for added power; and (2) a diagonal volar grasp, which has the thumb adducted for an element of precision. Coefficients for estimating anthropometric parameters from hand length and breadth are incorporated in the model. Graphics procedures are included for visual display of the model. In an effort to validate the predictive capabilities of the model, joint angles were measured on six subjects grasping circular cylinders of various diameters and these measured joint angles were compared with angles predicted by the model. Sensitivity of the model to the various input parameters was also determined. On an average, the model predicted joint flexion angles that were 5.3% or 2.8 degrees +/- 12.2 degrees larger than the measured angles. Good agreement was found for the MCP and PIP joints, but results for DIP were more variable because of its dependence on the predictions for the proximal joints. 相似文献
7.
For the extrinsic hand flexors (flexor digitorum profundus, FDP; flexor digitorum superficialis, FDS; flexor pollicis longus, FPL), moment arm corresponds to the tendon's distance from the center of the metacarpalphalangeal (MP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP), or distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint. The clinical value of establishing accurate moment arms has been highlighted for biomechanical modeling, the development of robotic hands, designing rehabilitation protocols, and repairing flexor tendon pulleys (Brand et al., 1975; An et al., 1983; Thompson and Giurintano, 1989; Deshpande et al., 2010; Wu et al., 2010). In this study, we define the moment arms for all of the extrinsic flexor tendons of the hand across all digital joints for all digits in cadaveric hands. 相似文献
8.
Hand strength data are needed to understand and predict hand postures and finger loads while placing the hand on an object or surface. This study aims to analyze the effect of hand posture and surface orientation on hand force while pressing a flat surface. Twelve participants, 6 females and 6 males ages 19–25, performed three exertions (100%, 30% and 10% MVC- Maximum Voluntary Contraction) perpendicular to a plate in 4 angles (−45°, 0°, 45° and 90° with respect to the horizontal plane) at elbow height. Exertions involved pushing in two postures: (1) whole hand and (2) constrained to only using the fingertips. Inter-digit joint angles were recorded to map hand and finger motions and estimate joint moments for each condition. Participants exerted twice the force when pushing with whole hand vs. fingertips. 72–75% of the total force was exerted over the base of the palm, while only 11–13% with the thumb for exertions at 90°, 45° or 0° plate angles. Males maximum force for pushing at 0°, 45° and 90° plates averaged 49% higher than females for the whole hand and 62% for the fingertips (p < 0.01). There was no significant sex difference (p > 0.05) for the −45° plate. Thumb joint loads were generally higher than the other individual fingers (p < 0.05) in all % MVC and accounted for 12% of total force during whole hand exertions. On average, joint moments were 30% higher during fingertip conditions vs. whole hand. Thumb and finger joint moment magnitudes when pushing the plate at 100% MVC indicated that Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint moments were higher (p < 0.05) than Distal Interphalangeal joints (DIP) and Proximal Interphalangeal joints (PIP) under whole hand and fingertips conditions. 相似文献
9.
We aimed to determine the role of the wrist, elbow and shoulder joints to single-finger tapping. Six human subjects tapped with their index finger at a rate of 3 taps/s on a keyswitch across five conditions, one freestyle (FS) and four instructed tapping strategies. The four instructed conditions were to tap on a keyswitch using the finger joint only (FO), the wrist joint only (WO), the elbow joint only (EO), and the shoulder joint only (SO). A single-axis force plate measured the fingertip force. An infra-red active-marker three-dimensional motion analysis system measured the movement of the fingertip, hand, forearm, upper arm and trunk. Inverse dynamics estimated joint torques for the metacarpal-phalangeal (MCP), wrist, elbow, and shoulder joints. For FS tapping 27%, 56%, and 18% of the vertical fingertip movement were a result of flexion of the MCP joint and wrist joint and extension of the elbow joint, respectively. During the FS movements the net joint powers between the MCP, wrist and elbow were positively correlated (correlation coefficients between 0.46 and 0.76) suggesting synergistic efforts. For the instructed tapping strategies (FO, WO, EO, and SO), correlations decreased to values below 0.35 suggesting relatively independent control of the different joints. For FS tapping, the kinematic and kinetic data indicate that the wrist and elbow contribute significantly, working in synergy with the finger joints to create the fingertip tapping task. 相似文献
10.
J L Sancho-Bru A Pérez-González M Vergara-Monedero D Giurintano 《Journal of biomechanics》2001,34(11):1491-1500
The purpose of this work is to develop a 3D inverse dynamic model of the human finger for estimating the muscular forces involved during free finger movements. A review of the existing 3D models of the fingers is presented, and an alternative one is proposed. The validity of the model has been proved by means of two simulations: free flexion-extension motion of all joints, and free metacarpophalangeal (MCP) adduction motion. The simulation shows the need for a dynamic model including inertial effects when studying fast movements and the relevance of modelling passive forces generated by the structures studying free movements, such as the force exerted by the muscles when they are stretched and the passive action of the ligaments over the MCP joint in order to reproduce the muscular force pattern during the simulation of the free MCP abduction-adduction movements. 相似文献
11.
Sergio Puértolas José M Pérez-García Luis Gracia José Cegoñino Elena Ibarz José A Puértolas Antonio Herrera 《Biomedical engineering online》2010,9(1):49
Background
The proximal interphalange joint (PIP) is fundamental for the functional nature of the hand. The contracture in flexion of the PIP, secondary to traumatisms or illnesses leads to an important functional loss. The use of correcting splints is the common procedure for treating this problem. Its functioning is based on the application of a small load and a prolonged stress which can be dynamic, static progressive or static serial. 相似文献12.
Gregory S. Lewis Tamara L. Cohen Andrea R. Seisler Kevin A. Kirby Frances T. Sheehan Stephen J. Piazza 《Journal of biomechanics》2009,42(2):146-151
The subtalar joint is important in frontal plane movement and posture of the hindfoot. Abnormal subtalar joint moments caused by muscle forces and the ground reaction force acting on the foot are thought to play a role in various foot deformities. Calculating joint moments typically requires knowledge of the location of the joint axis; however, location of the subtalar axis from measured movement is difficult because the talus cannot be tracked using skin-mounted markers. The accuracy of a novel technique for locating the subtalar axis was assessed in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging. The method was also tested with skin-mounted markers and video motion analysis. The technique involves applying forces to the foot that cause pure subtalar joint motion (with negligible talocrural joint motion), and then using helical axis decomposition of the resulting tibiocalcaneal motion. The resulting subtalar axis estimates differed by 6° on average from the true best-fit subtalar axes in the MRI tests. Motion was found to have been applied primarily about the subtalar joint with an average of only 3° of talocrural joint motion. The proposed method provides a potential means for obtaining subject-specific subtalar axis estimates which can then be used in inverse dynamic analyses and subject-specific musculoskeletal models. 相似文献
13.
Thumb opposition plays a vital role in hand function. Kinematically, thumb opposition results from composite movements from multiple joints moving in multiple directions. The purpose of this study was to examine the coordination of thumb joints during opposition tasks. A total of 15 female subjects with asymptomatic hands were studied. Three-dimensional angular kinematics of the carpometacarpal (CMC), metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and interphalangeal (IP) joints were obtained by a marker-based motion analysis system. Thumb opposition revealed coordination among joints in a specific direction (inter-joint coordination) and among different directions within a joint (intra-joint coordination). In particular, linear couplings existed between the flexion and pronation at the CMC joint, and between the flexion of the CMC joint and flexion of the MCP joint. Principal component analysis showed that only two principal components adequately represented the thumb opposition data of seven movement directions. A term functional degrees of freedom by virtue of principal component analysis was proposed to uncover the extent of movement coordination in functional tasks. 相似文献
14.
A digital database of wrist bone anatomy and carpal kinematics 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The skeletal wrist consists of eight small, intricately shaped carpal bones. The motion of these bones is complex, occurs in three dimensions, and remains incompletely defined. Our previous efforts have been focused on determining the in vivo three-dimensional (3-D) kinematics of the normal and abnormal carpus. In so doing we have developed an extensive database of carpal bone anatomy and kinematics from a large number of healthy subjects. The purpose of this paper is to describe that database and to make it available to other researchers. CT volume images of both wrists from 30 healthy volunteers (15 males and 15 females) were acquired in multiple wrist positions throughout the normal range of wrist motion. The outer cortical surfaces of the carpal bones, radius and ulna, and proximal metacarpals were segmented and the 3-D motion of each bone was calculated for each wrist position. The database was constructed to include high-resolution surface models, measures of bone volume and shape, and the 3-D kinematics of each segmented bone. The database does not include soft tissues of the wrist. While there are numerous digital anatomical databases, this one is unique in that it includes a large number of subjects and it contains in vivo kinematic data as well as the bony anatomy. 相似文献
15.
Stefánsson SE Jónsson H Ingvarsson T Manolescu I Jónsson HH Olafsdóttir G Pálsdóttir E Stefánsdóttir G Sveinbjörnsdóttir G Frigge ML Kong A Gulcher JR Stefánsson K 《American journal of human genetics》2003,72(6):1448-1459
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common human joint disease, characterized by loss and/or remodeling of joint synovium, cartilage, and bone. Here, we describe a genomewide linkage analysis of patients with idiopathic hand OA who were carefully phenotyped for involvement of either or both the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints and the first carpometacarpal (CMC1) joints. The best linkage peaks were on chromosomes 4q and 3p and on the short arm of chromosome 2. Genomewide significance was reached for a locus on chromosome 2 for patients with affected CMC1 joints (LOD = 4.97); this locus was also significant for patients with OA in both CMC1 and DIP joints (LOD = 4.44). The peak LOD score at this locus coincides with a gene, MATN3, encoding the noncollagenous cartilage extracellular matrix protein, matrilin-3. Subsequent screening of the genomic sequence revealed a missense mutation, of a conserved amino acid codon, changing threonine to methionine in the epidermal growth factor-like domain in matrilin-3. The missense mutation cosegregates with hand OA in several families. The mutation frequency is slightly more than 2% in patients with hand OA in the Icelandic population and has a relative risk of 2.1. 相似文献
16.
Wiell C Szkudlarek M Hasselquist M Møller JM Vestergaard A Nørregaard J Terslev L Østergaard M 《Arthritis research & therapy》2007,9(6):R119
The aim of the present study was to assess ultrasonography (US) for the detection of inflammatory and destructive changes
in finger and toe joints, tendons, and entheses in patients with psoriasis-associated arthritis (PsA) by comparison with magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI), projection radiography (x-ray), and clinical findings. Fifteen patients with PsA, 5 with rheumatoid
arthritis (RA), and 5 healthy control persons were examined by means of US, contrast-enhanced MRI, x-ray, and clinical assessment.
Each joint of the 2nd–5th finger (metacarpophalangeal joints, proximal interphalangeal [PIP] joints, and distal interphalangeal
[DIP] joints) and 1st–5th metatarsophalangeal joints of both hands and feet were assessed with US for the presence of synovitis,
bone erosions, bone proliferations, and capsular/extracapsular power Doppler signal (only in the PIP joints). The 2nd–5th
flexor and extensor tendons of the fingers were assessed for the presence of insertional changes and tenosynovitis. One hand
was assessed by means of MRI for the aforementioned changes. X-rays of both hands and feet were assessed for bone erosions
and proliferations. US was repeated in 8 persons by another ultrasonographer. US and MRI were more sensitive to inflammatory
and destructive changes than x-ray and clinical examination, and US showed a good interobserver agreement for bone changes
(median 96% absolute agreement) and lower interobserver agreement for inflammatory changes (median 92% absolute agreement).
A high absolute agreement (85% to 100%) for all destructive changes and a more moderate absolute agreement (73% to 100%) for
the inflammatory pathologies were found between US and MRI. US detected a higher frequency of DIP joint changes in the PsA
patients compared with RA patients. In particular, bone changes were found exclusively in PsA DIP joints. Furthermore, bone
proliferations were more common and tenosynovitis was less frequent in PsA than RA. For other pathologies, no disease-specific
pattern was observed. US and MRI have major potential for improved examination of joints, tendons, and entheses in fingers
and toes of patients with PsA. 相似文献
17.
Kamath SB Chidambar S Brinda BR Kumar MA Sarada R Ravishankar GA 《Biosensors & bioelectronics》2005,21(5):768-773
A method for analyzing carotenoid content in Haematococcus pluvialis, a green alga was developed using digital image processing (DIP) and an artificial neural network (ANN) model. About 90 images of algal cells in various phases of growth were processed with the tools of DIP. A good correlation of R(2)=0.967 was observed between carotenoid content as estimated by analytical method and DIP. Similar correlation was also observed in case of chlorophyll. Since the conventional methods of carotenoid estimation are time consuming and result in loss of pigments during analysis, DIP method was found to be an effective online monitoring method. This method will be useful in measurement of pigments in cultured cells. 相似文献
18.
Amiri-Khorasani M Abu Osman NA Yusof A 《Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association》2011,25(6):1647-1652
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of static and dynamic stretching within a pre-exercise warm-up on hip dynamic range of motion (DROM) during instep kicking in professional soccer players. The kicking motions of dominant legs were captured from 18 professional adult male soccer players (height: 180.38 ± 7.34 cm; mass: 69.77 ± 9.73 kg; age: 19.22 ± 1.83 years) using 4 3-dimensional digital video cameras at 50 Hz. Hip DROM at backward, forward, and follow-through phases (instep kick phases) after different warm-up protocols consisting of static, dynamic, and no-stretching on 3 nonconsecutive test days were captured for analysis. During the backswing phase, there was no difference in DROM after the dynamic stretching compared with the static stretching relative to the no-stretching method. There was a significant difference in DROM after the dynamic stretching compared with the static stretching relative to the no-stretching method during (a) the forward phase with p < 0.03, (b) the follow-through phase with p < 0.01, and (c) all phases with p < 0.01. We concluded that professional soccer players can perform a higher DROM of the hip joint during the instep kick after dynamic stretching incorporated in warm-ups, hence increasing the chances of scoring and injury prevention during soccer games. 相似文献
19.
Alon Wolf Merav Senesh 《Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering》2013,16(11):939-946
Modelling of soft tissue motion is required in many areas, such as computer animation, surgical simulation, 3D motion analysis and gait analysis. In this paper, we will focus on the use of modelling of skin deformation during 3D motion analysis. The most frequently used method in 3D human motion analysis involves placing markers on the skin of the analysed segment which is composed of the rigid bone and the surrounding soft tissues. Skin and soft tissue deformations introduce a significant artefact which strongly influences the resulting bone position, orientation and joint kinematics. For this study, we used a statistical solid dynamics approach which is a combination of several previously reported tools: the point cluster technique (PCT) and a Kalman filter which was added to the PCT. The methods were tested and evaluated on controlled human-arm motions, using an optical motion capture system (ViconTM). The addition of a Kalman filter to the PCT for rigid body motion estimation results in a smoother signal that better represents the joint motion. Calculations indicate less signal distortion than when using a digital low-pass filter. Furthermore, adding a Kalman filter to the PCT substantially reduces the dispersion of the maximal and minimal instantaneous frequencies. For controlled human movements, the result indicated that adding a Kalman filter to the PCT produced a more accurate signal. However, it could not be concluded that the proposed Kalman filter is better than a low-pass filter for estimation of the motion. We suggest that implementation of a Kalman filter with a better biomechanical motion model will be more likely to improve the results. 相似文献
20.
Modelling of soft tissue motion is required in many areas, such as computer animation, surgical simulation, 3D motion analysis and gait analysis. In this paper, we will focus on the use of modelling of skin deformation during 3D motion analysis. The most frequently used method in 3D human motion analysis involves placing markers on the skin of the analysed segment which is composed of the rigid bone and the surrounding soft tissues. Skin and soft tissue deformations introduce a significant artefact which strongly influences the resulting bone position, orientation and joint kinematics. For this study, we used a statistical solid dynamics approach which is a combination of several previously reported tools: the point cluster technique (PCT) and a Kalman filter which was added to the PCT. The methods were tested and evaluated on controlled human-arm motions, using an optical motion capture system (Vicon(TM)). The addition of a Kalman filter to the PCT for rigid body motion estimation results in a smoother signal that better represents the joint motion. Calculations indicate less signal distortion than when using a digital low-pass filter. Furthermore, adding a Kalman filter to the PCT substantially reduces the dispersion of the maximal and minimal instantaneous frequencies. For controlled human movements, the result indicated that adding a Kalman filter to the PCT produced a more accurate signal. However, it could not be concluded that the proposed Kalman filter is better than a low-pass filter for estimation of the motion. We suggest that implementation of a Kalman filter with a better biomechanical motion model will be more likely to improve the results. 相似文献