梨形短梗蠕孢的分生孢子发育研究

采用玻片培养法对梨形短梗蠕孢(Trichocladium achrasporum)的分生孢子发育类型进行了研究。观察结果表明,梨形短梗蠕孢分生孢子既可以在菌丝顶端形成(顶生式),也可以在菌丝中间形成(间生式),其发育方式是全壁芽生式产孢。     

食线虫节丛孢及其相关属的分生孢子发育研究

采用小室培养法对食线虫丝孢菌节丛孢及其相关属的分生孢子发育类型进行了研究。报道了21个种的发育类型并描述了节丛孢属部分代表种的详细发育过程。结果表明,节丛孢属分生孢子的发类型为全壁芽生合轴式产孢,单顶孢属和隔指孢属的发育类型为全壁芽生式产孢。此发育学的研究结果不赞成小属分类观,支持了大属分类观,为这类群菌的分类和以此为基础的属征修定提供了参考依据。     

长蠕孢菌产孢条件的研究

对番茄褐斑病原菌—长蠕孢菌产孢条件进行了研究,结果表明燕麦片琼胶培养基、Czapek培养基和PDA＋番茄叶片能促进产孢子,V8汁、PSA和番茄汁培养基抑制产孢;碳源果糖明显促进产孢,甘露醇抑制产孢子;氮源氯化铵促进产孢,蛋白胨和硫酸铵抑制产孢;光照和紫外线照射对长蠕孢菌产孢有明显促进作用,特别是紫外线照射60～80min时产孢量达到最大;偏低温或偏高温以及微碱性环境能促进长蠕孢菌产孢,温度为15℃或30℃,pH8～9时最有利于产孢。     

长蠕孢一新种

本文报告寄生于小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)上的长蠕孢一个新种——小麦生长蠕孢(Drechslera triticicola sp.nov.),其分生孢子形态,培养性状,对小麦的致病力及其寄主范围等,与已报告的寄生于小麦或禾本科植物上的长蠕孢菌明显不同。     

中国平脐蠕孢属的分类研究I

来自山东泰安和安徽合肥匍柄霉属的两个新种分别命名为棉匍柄霉Stemphylium gossypii和莴苣匍柄霉Stemphylium lactucae。模式标本保存于山东农业大学植物病理系标本室（HSAUP）。本文报道了平脐蠕孢属的一个新种,早熟禾平脐蠕孢Bipolaris poae-pratensis,2个中国新记录种,即野牛草平脐蠕孢Bipolaris buchloes和弯曲平脐蠕孢Bipolaris papendorfii,对其他4个平脐蠕孢属的种的有关分类问题进行了讨论,澄清了一些种名的混乱。标本保存在山东农业大学植物病理学系标本室（HSAUP）和中国科学院真菌标本室（HMAS）。     

环境因素对香蕉叶斑病菌喙突脐蠕孢生长和产孢的影响

为进一步明确香蕉叶斑病菌喙突脐蠕孢的生物学特性,调查了部分环境因素(碳氮源、植物成分培养基)对供试菌株(CLER09、D087和JL05)的营养生长和产孢的影响。结果显示,分生孢子主要先从基部萌芽,在28℃下约培养10h后出现两端萌芽;供试菌株对测试的20种碳源及26种氮源显示相似的生长反应,均可利用除菊糖外的测试碳源及氮源进行营养生长和产孢;测试的6种植物成分培养基对供试菌株的营养生长效果皆优于PDA培养基;除燕麦培养基外,其余5种培养基对菌株CLER09和D087的产孢作用均优于PDA培养基;测试的6种培养基对菌株JL05的产孢作用均优于PDA培养基。不同植物成分培养基对该菌分生孢子形态影响较大,以米糠、象草培养基对菌株D087和JL05的分生孢子长度和玉米粉培养基对菌株CLER09的分生孢子宽度的增长效果最为明显。     

中国平脐蠕孢属的分类研究Ⅰ

本文报道了平脐蠕孢属的一个新种,早熟禾平脐蠕孢Bipolaris poae-pratensis,2个中国新记录种,即野牛草平脐蠕孢Bipolaris buchloes和弯曲平脐蠕孢Bipolaris papendorfii,对其他4个平脐蠕孢属的种的有关分类问题进行了讨论,澄清了一些种名的混乱.标本保存在山东农业大学植物病理学系标本室(HSAUP)和中国科学院真菌标本室(HMAS).     

金黄壳囊孢菌分生孢子器发育过程研究

本文探究了金黄壳囊孢菌Cytospora chrysosperma分生孢子器的发育过程。发育初期,多根菌丝频繁分隔及分支,菌丝细胞变短呈近球形,菌丝围绕其中心点不断接触缠绕,并逐渐扩展,即通过多丝合生的方式形成分生孢子器原基;随着分生孢子器原基的不断成熟与壮大,其内厚壁细胞紧密围绕成空腔,空腔多次发生后形成多个相对独立、且均与中心腔室联通的腔室结构;在腔室发育的过程中,腔室内壁细胞逐渐发育形成长短不一、具有分支结构的分生孢子梗,并在其顶端通过内壁芽生式、单生的方式产生成熟的腊肠形分生孢子,孢子脱落后聚集于空腔内;随着中心腔室的成熟,分生孢子器逐渐突出于植物表皮,遇到合适的环境时,分生孢子角挤破表皮形成孔口,释放出分生孢子。成熟的分生孢子器一般位于寄主植物的皮层部分。     

Conidium Ontogeny in Pyricularia1

Conidium ontogeny of twenty-three isolates of Pyricularia (including international races, some nutritional, coloured mutants and isolates obtained from cultivated and wild species of Gramineae) was studied. Among them, sixteen isolates were found to be of typical blastic type of conidiogenesis characteristic of the genus Pyricularia. Three coloured mutants and an international race showed gangliar type of conidiogenesis. However, two races and one nutritional mutant showed both the types. Most of the isolates tested are morphologically indistinguishable and potentially pathogenic with the respective hosts and on differential cultivars. Possible alteration of morphogenetic pattern of conidiogenesis by mutation and temperature response is suggested.     

Resistance or emigration: response of the high-alpine plant Eritrichium nanum (L.) Gaudin to the ice age within the Central Alps

Two main possibilities regarding glacial survival of the mountain flora of the Alps during the Quaternary have been discussed: the tabula rasa and the nunatak hypotheses. Eritrichium nanum (L.) Gaudin (Boraginaceae) is a perennial cushion plant, occurring at high elevations of the Central Alps and having a preference for extreme habitats. It belongs to a group of high-alpine plants, for which in situ glacial survival on nunataks is ecologically possible. By investigating 20 populations of E. nanum of potential nunatak and peripheral refugial regions using amplified fragment length polymorphism, considerable genetic differences between populations from the Central Alps and populations from peripheral refugia were detected; hence, the latter probably did not serve as potential sources for the re-colonization of the Central Alps after glaciation. Genetic variation was hierarchically structured (AMOVA), and three genetically distinct regions could be identified in the Central Alps. Two of these, the Penninic and Rhaetic Alps, correspond to nunatak regions proposed in the biogeographic literature. Populations from the Lepontic Alps formed a third genetic group. Genetic correlation (Mantel statistics) was highest within populations, with a modest decline among populations within specific nunatak regions and a negative correlation outside the genetic influence of specific nunatak regions. In situ glacial survival in E. nanum could be a model for the Quaternary history of other alpine plants, especially those that also occur at high elevations and in similar habitats.     

豆类炭疽病病原物种类及其发生研究进展

炭疽病是重要的世界性植物病害,造成大豆、绿豆等品质变劣,产量损失严重。本文综述了国内外大豆炭疽病的发生情况、炭疽菌种类及其特征,为了解该病的流行病学和科学防治提供理论依据。     

深圳宋卡湖根管虫(多毛纲:龙介虫科)个体发育的初步观察

对分布于中国深圳的宋卡湖根管虫Ficopomatus talehsapensis Pillai,2008进行了实验观察.结果表明:1)雌雄异体,精子或卵从鳃冠基部喷射至水中,体外受精,繁殖力强,受精后约0.8h开始卵裂,生活史经历早期胚胎发育、担轮幼虫、后担轮幼虫、游毛幼虫、后游毛幼虫、刚节幼体及成虫;2)鳃丝具呼吸、感觉、滤食功能,以单细胞藻类和有机碎屑为食;3)担轮幼虫至成体均具眼点,但视觉功能退化;4)对水环境的适应能力极强.讨论了根管虫对生境水质的影响.     

Autoregulation of Conidium Germination in Micromycetes of the genus Trichoderma

The amount of germinated conidia of micromycetes belonging to the genus Trichoderma considerably decreased with an increase in the population density. Strains exhibited different ecological strategies. The maximum number of germinated conidia (30–70%) was recorded when the average distance between conidia was 50 m.     

Observation of Apparently Unchanging Mesophyll Cell Diameters Throughout Leaf Ontogeny in Woody Species

The expansion of plant leaves usually lasts 3–6 weeks and it is widely believed that most cell types (epidermal and mesophyll) continue to expand in unison over a similar time period. The evidence supporting this account was derived from studies of herb leaves. We observed in woody species, however, that the diameter of mesophyll cells (spongy and palisade) changed little during leaf expansion from about 5 to 100 % maximum size. To keep pace with epidermal cell enlargement and leaf area expansion, mesophyll cells divided but palisade cell length expanded as leaves grew thicker. The prolonged division of mesophyll and apparently unchanging mesophyll cell diameters constitute a novel pattern of leaf cell development, different from that previously described for herbs. Possible mechanisms that attribute the varied expansion direction and speed to the different cellulose distributions in woody and herbaceous species are suggested. This finding could contribute to an enhanced understanding of the overall mechanism of leaf development.     

Coniothyrium minitans菌株JN-CM摇瓶制种工艺的初步研究

本文对Coniothyrium minitans JN-CM菌株的摇瓶制种的可行性及其固体发酵的产孢条件进行了初步探究。首先通过对分生孢子萌发率和致腐能力的测定,验证了液体种子液进行固体发酵后得到分生孢子的活性,随后对液体制种条件和其后期固体发酵条件进行了优化。结果表明:摇瓶制种在初始p H 7.0的条件下,培养6 d可得到1.09×108cfu/m L分生孢子和5.4123 g/L菌丝体。将100μL摇瓶种子液(1×107cfu/m L)接种于5 g麸皮为基质、料水比1∶1.5、p H值为5.5的固体培养基内,发酵11 d可获得2.65x1010cfu/g分生孢子。     

青藏高原矮火绒草(Leontopodium nanum)叶片性状对海拔高度变化的响应

植物叶片对环境变化十分敏感,能反映植物适应环境所形成的生存策略。为揭示高寒植物叶片性状对海拔高度变化的响应,对位于青藏高原东北部的冷龙岭3400—4200 m之间5个不同海拔高度的矮火绒草(Leontopodium nanum)叶片进行取样,采用常规石蜡制片技术和显微观察方法测定叶片外部形态、表皮气孔特征和解剖结构,探讨其叶片性状随海拔的变化,结果表明：（1）随海拔高度升高,叶面积呈减小的趋势,而比叶重和叶干物质含量增加;（2）叶片下表皮气孔密度随海拔升高呈先增加后下降的趋势,且气孔密度、气孔器面积、长度、宽度和潜在气孔导度指数等气孔特征之间存在显著相关性;（3）叶厚、栅栏组织和海绵组织厚度随海拔升高呈显著增厚的趋势;（4）叶片解剖结构可塑性和相关性分析显示,上、下角质层厚度的可塑性指数最大,而部分解剖结构指标间存在极显著的相关性。研究表明,矮火绒草为适应沿海拔上升温度降低的环境,主要采取叶片变小、变厚的对策,使植物趋于保温、保水和抗机械损伤的方向发展,并将资源最大化地投入到自身生长发育中。