中国苔类新记录种:附基缺萼苔(Gymnomitrion laceratum(Steph.)Horik.)

报道产于西藏的中国苔类植物缺萼苔科缺萼苔1 个新记录种:附基缺萼苔(Gymnomitrion laceratum(Steph.)Horik.)。该种主要特征为植物体具残存但可辨别的腹叶, 有别于该科其它种类。     

贵州省拟大萼苔属Cephaloziella植物的初步研究

在查阅文献和标本的基础上,对贵州省拟大萼苔属Cephaloziella植物进行了系统的整理和研究,初步理清了该属植物在贵州的分布,确认贵州省拟大萼苔属植物有8种1变种。其中,刺茎拟大萼苔C.spinicaulis为贵州新记录种,并提供了该种的详细形态描述。本研究还编制了贵州省拟大萼苔属植物的分种检索表。     

地萼苔科锡金裂萼苔(Chiloscyphus sikkimensis)在中国大陆的新记录

报道产于云南的中国苔类植物地萼苔科大陆新记录种: 锡金裂萼苔(Chiloscyphus sikkimensis(Steph.) J.J. Engel &; R.M. Schust.)。本种的主要区别特征有：茎叶倾斜或近横向着生,近轴端凸起,近似圆形,叶边全缘,卵形,先端圆钝或微凹;腹叶心形或肾形,先端圆钝或微凹,一侧或两侧基部与茎叶腹边联生。报道于台湾的Heteroscyphus acutangulus(Schiffn.) Schiffn. 实为Chiloscyphus sikkimensis,应被移出中国苔藓植物区系。     

中国地萼苔科新种) ) ) 云南裂萼苔*

描述中国云南产地萼苔科1 新种: 云南裂萼苔Chiloscyphus yunnanensis C. Gao & Y.-H. Wu, 本种与
Chiloscyp hus ciliola ( Nees) Gott. 相似, 但本种植物体紫红色, 柔弱, 易碎, 叶细胞薄壁, 三角体不明显等,
与其有明显区别。     

粗疣类钱袋苔［Apomarsupella verrucosa (Nichols.)Vana］及其新异名

对产自中国云南缺萼苔科(Gymnomitriaceae)粗疣类钱袋苔(Apomarsupella verrucosa (Nichols.) Vana)和产自尼泊尔(Gymnomitrion papillosum Kitag. &; S. Hatt.)的模式标本进行了对比研究, 发现Gymnomitrion papillosum和粗疣类钱袋苔特征相一致, 将其处理为粗疣类钱袋苔的异名。     

中国大萼苔科一新记录属

钝叶苔属(Ｃｌａｄｏｐｏｄｉｅｌｌａ)隶属于苔类植物的大萼苔科(Ｃｅｐｈａｌｏｚｉａｃｅａｅ),本属有2种:Ｃ.ｆｌｕｉｔａｎｓ(Ｎｅｅｓ)Ｓｐｒ.和Ｃ.ｆｒａｎｃｉｓｃｉ(Ｈｏｏｋ.)Ｂｕｃｈ.,广泛分布于欧洲和北美洲,其中前者在日本有记录。本属我国首次记录,仅发现1种:Ｃ.ｆｒａｎｃｉｓｃｉ(Ｈｏｏｋ.)Ｂｕｃｈ.,分布西藏。钝叶苔属ＣｌａｄｏｐｏｄｉｅｌｌａＢｕｃｈ.,Ｍｅｍ.Ｓｏｃ.Ｆ.Ｆｌ.Ｆｅｎｎｉｃａ5:87,1927.Ｔｙｐｅ:Ｃｌａｄｏｐｏｄｉｅｌｌａｆｌｕｉｔａｎｓ(Ｎｅｅｓ)Ｓｐｒ.植物体纤细,淡绿色。茎具腹面分枝,横切…     

陕西秦岭拟大萼苔科的2个新记录种

报道陕西秦岭的2个苔类新记录种:红色拟大萼苔[Cephaloziella rubella(Nees) Warnst.]和被刺拟大萼苔(Cephaloziella spinicaulis Douin.)。根据标本对2种植物的形态进行了详细的描述,同时对其地理分布进行了简要说明。     

中国地萼苔科新种--云南裂萼苔

描述中国云南产地萼苔科1新种：云南裂萼苔Chiloscyphus yunnanensis C．Gao ＆ Y．-H．Wu,本种与Chiloscyphus ciliola（Nees）Gott．相似,但本种植物体紫红色,柔弱,易碎,叶细胞薄壁,三角体不明显等,与其有明显区别。     

中国地萼苔属资料

地萼苔属GeocalyxNees ,Naturg .Eur.Leberm .1 :97.1 833.模式种 :Geocalyxgraveolens (Schrad .)Nees (JungermanniagraveolensSchrad .) .植物体匍匐 ;叶密覆瓦状排列 ,蔽后式 ,先端浅裂 ;腹叶小 ,2裂近达基部。雌雄同株异苞。雌雄生殖苞均生于侧短枝上 ,短枝无正常叶 ,仅具     

中国产光萼苔科四种植物的核型研究

报道了中国产光萼苔科四种植物配子体有丝分裂中期的染色体数目和核型,四种植物的染色体数目均为n=8。核型为：细光萼苔陕西变种(P．gracillima vat．urogea)k(n)=8=8m或k(n)=8=4v 4(v);毛缘光萼苔(P．vernicosa)k(n)=8=5m 3sm或k(n)=8=6v 2J;密叶光萼苔(P．densifolia)k(n)=8=8m或k(n)=8=5v 3(v);多瓣苔(Macvicaria ulophylla)k(n)=8=6m 2sm或k(n)=8=6v 1(v) 1J．     

紫芝不亲和性因子分析

为开展紫芝的杂交育种,对6个紫芝菌株的不亲和性因子进行分析。通过原生质体单核化,6个紫芝获得9个不同亲本型的单核化菌株,共测得7个不同的A因子和7个不同的B因子,A、B因子的多态性各占单核体的77.8%,表明紫芝有较丰富的交配型因子,为紫芝的杂交育种奠定基础。     

紫芝的化学成分研究进展

通过查阅、整理和分析国内外文献对紫芝的化学成分进行了综述。研究表明从紫芝中已经发现18个多糖类化合物、39个三萜类化合物、14个甾体类化合物、9种生物碱及苷类、80余种脂肪族类化合物、1个芳香族类化合物、3个杂环族化合物、1个环肽类化合物及多种酶类等蛋白质成分。本文为进一步研究紫芝提供了化学成分方面的基础资料。     

Environmental factors influencing adult sex ratio in Poecilia reticulata: laboratory experiments

The potential causes of adult sex ratio variation in guppies Poecilia reticulata were tested in laboratory experiments that evaluated the mortality rates of male and female P. reticulata exposed to potential predators (Hart's rivulus Rivulus hartii and freshwater prawns Macrobrachium crenulatum) and to different resource levels. Poecilia reticulata mortality increased in the presence of R. hartii and M. crenulatum, and low resource levels had an effect on mortality only in the presence of M. crenulatum. Rivulus hartii preyed more often on male than on female P. reticulata, and this sex-biased predation was not simply the result of males being smaller than females. In contrast, no sex-biased mortality was attributable to M. crenulatum or low resource levels.     

Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbionts in Botrychium (Ophioglossaceae)

Many plant species are characterized by a life cycle with a long-lived, subterranean phase that is completely dependent on mycorrhizal fungal symbionts for fixed carbon. This type of life cycle is both phylogenetically and ecologically widespread and is found in diverse vascular plant lineages from the tropics to subalpine meadows. Here we report on the molecular identities of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with the autotrophic and underground mycoheterotrophic life cycle phases of the ferns Botrychium crenulatum and B. lanceolatum. We show that the Glomus taxa found in the mycoheterotrophic life cycle phases of B. crenulatum and B. lanceolatum are also found in conspecific and heterospecific photosynthetic neighboring plants. From our DNA sequence data, we infer carbon flow from photosynthetic plants to mycoheterotrophic plants through shared glomalean fungal networks. Finally, our phylogenetic analyses identify a major Glomus clade that forms associations with mycoheterotrophic life cycle stages of B. crenulatum and B. lanceolatum.     

不同钾水平对钾饥饿墨兰生长发育和生理的影响

墨兰钾饥饿两个月后,培养在低于１０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的不同钾水平的营养液中．以比较各处理植株的生长发育、抗病和生理反应．结果表明：在正常生长状态下,墨兰体内钾含量高于氮和磷．Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ三者比例为６：１：９,因此栽培墨兰要重视钾肥．墨兰在缺钾（０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）或低钾（０．１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）条件下生长不良、花数少,叶片褐斑病较多;当供给较高钾含量（１、５或１０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）时,植株生长良好,光合速率和呼吸速率亦高,根系活力较强,叶片生长快,花数多．褐斑病发病率低．作者认为,５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ钾水平的营养液较适合于墨兰生长发育．     

值得注意的中国南部植物

通过整理和研究华南植物园标本馆(IBSC)、中山大学植物标本馆(SYS)等馆藏标本,发现我国南部生长的而在《中国植物志》或“Flora of China”有未收载的物种及需处理1个新组合和2个新异名外,还有省级新记录等情况。现补充增加3个归化种白花假马鞭、毛苘麻和大花假番薯;广西2个新记录夜牵牛和红岩野桐(新组合);广东1个新记录粘毛苘麻,并处理本种的1个新异名;粗糠柴为西藏新记录。此外,处理隶于东南野桐的1个新异名;补充隶于草牵牛的1个异属名。     

药用蕈菌紫芝液体培养的生长特征分析

使用专门设计的ALR ff蕈菌液体培养反应器 ,研究了有关紫芝液体培养过程中菌丝生长的特征。结果表明 ,液体培养时紫芝菌丝生长对温度有较宽的适应范围 2 5℃～ 3 5℃ ,但生长比速率相差很大。通气量由 0 93vvm提高到 1 6 4vvm时 ,菌丝生长比速率明显地增加 ,最大值为 0 0 4 4 4 (h- 1) ;当通气量进一步提高到 2 5 0vvm时 ,生长比速率反而下降。与低糖浓度比较 ,较高糖浓度 (2 80g 1 0 0mL)可以使生长迟滞期缩短 ;培养后期菌丝缠绕成浓密颗粒 ,较高糖浓度可以促进生长。在整个培养过程中 ,糖浓度较低时葡萄糖转化成菌体的生长效率明显高于较高葡萄糖浓度的效率。碳源限制生长的连续培养研究结果 ,进一步反映了菌丝不同生长活性使菌丝物具有不同形态结构。菌体量、限制生长底物、菌体生成率的三者关系与细菌有明显的差异。并且 ,在 0 0 1 0～ 0 2 2 0 (h- 1)稀释率范围内菌丝生长符合Contois方程     

Genetic Diversity of Landraces in Gossypium arboreum L. Race sinense Assessed with Simple Sequence Repeat Markers

Asiatic cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.) is an "Old World" cultivated cotton species, the sinense race of which is planted extensively in China. This species is still used in the current tetraploid cotton breeding program as an elite germplasm line, and is also used as a model for genomic research in Gossypium. In the present study, 60 cotton microsatellite markers, averaging 4.6 markers for each A-genome chromosome,were chosen to assess the genetic diversity of 109 accessions. These included 106 G. arboreum landraces,collected from 18 provinces throughout four Asiatic cotton-growing regions in China. A total of 128 alleles were detected, with an average of 2.13 alleles per locus. The largest number of alleles, as well as the maximum number of polymorphic loci, was detected in the A03 linkage group. No polymorphic alleles were detected on chromosome 10. The polymorphism information content for the 22 polymorphic microsatellite loci varied from 0.52 to 0.98, with an average of 0.89. Genetic diversity analysis revealed that the landraces in the Southern region had more genetic variability than those from the other two regions, and no significant difference was detected between landraces in the Yangtze and the Yellow River Valley regions. These findings are consistent with the history of sinense introduction, with the Southern region being the presumed center of origin for Chinese Asiatic cotton, and with subsequent northeastward extension to the Yangtze and Yellow River Valleys. Cluster analysis, based on simple sequence repeat data for 60 microsatellite loci, clearly differentiated Vietnamese and G. herbaceum landraces from the sinense landrace. No relationship between inter-variety similarity and geographical ecological region was observed. The present findings indicate that the Southern region landraces may have been directly introduced into the provinces in the middle and lower Yangtze River Valley, where Asiatic cotton was most extensively grown, and further race sinense crops were subsequently produced.     

Studies on the Origin of the Traditional Chinese Drug Fuxiong and Its Relationships with Ligusticum chuanxiong and L. sinense

The vegetative characters of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. cv. Fuxiong are described in comparison with L. chuanxiong Hort. and L. sinense Oliv. The chromosome numbers and karyotypes of the three taxa were studied in root tip cells by Feulgen’s squash method. Their karyotypes are determined as follows: L. chuanxiong, K(2n)=22=16 m+ 4sm+2st (sat); L. chuanxiong cv. Fuxiong, K(2n)=33=24 m+6sm+3st (sat); L. sinense, K(2n)=22=12 m+6sm+2sm (sat)+2st (sat). The karyotypic similarities are found between L. chuanxiong and its cultivariety, butthe former is a diploid while the latter probably is a homologous triploid.