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1.
Zorbas YG Petrov KL Kakurin VJ Kuznetsov NA Charapakhin KP Alexeyev ID Denogradov SD 《Biological trace element research》2000,73(3):231-250
Calcium (Ca) supplements may be used to normalize Ca-balance changes but little is known about the effect of Ca supplements
on Ca balance during hypokinesia (decreased kilometers per day). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of daily
intakes of Ca supplements on Ca balance during hypokinesia (HK).
Studies were done during 30 d of a pre-HK period and during 364 d of a HK period. Forty male athletes aged 23–26 yr were chosen
as subjects. They were divided equally into four groups: unsupplemented ambulatory control subjects (UACS), unsupplemented
hypokinetic subjects (UHKS), supplemented hypokinetic subjects (SHKS), and supplemented ambulatory control subjects (SACS).
The SHKS and UHKS groups were kept under an average running distance of 0.7 km/d. In the SHKS and SACS groups supplemented
with 35.0 mg Ca lactate/kg body weight.
Fecal Ca loss, urinary excretion of Ca and phosphate (P), serum concentrations of ionized calcium (CaI) total Ca, P, and Ca balance, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), anthropometric
characteristics and peak oxygen uptake were measured. Fecal Ca excretion, urinary Ca and P excretion, serum CaI, total Ca, and P concentration, and negative Ca balanced increased significantly (p ≤ 0.01) in the SHKS and UHKS groups when compared with the SACS and UACS groups. Serum, urinary, and fecal Ca changes were
much greater and appeared much faster in the SHKS group than in the UHKS group. Serum iPTH and 1,25 (OH)2 D, body weight,
and peak oxygen uptake decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.01) in the SHKS and UHKS groups when compared with the SACS and UACS groups. In contrast, the corresponding parameters
remained stable in the SACS and UACS groups when compared with the baseline control values.
It was concluded that during prolonged HK, urinary and fecal Ca excretion and serum Ca concentration increased significantly
despite the presence of a negative Ca balance; thus, Ca supplements cannot be used to normalize negative Ca balance during
prolonged HK. 相似文献
2.
Zorbas YG Kakurin VJ Denogradov SD Luzhkov SH Neofitov AC 《Biological trace element research》2002,90(1-3):155-173
Hypokinesia (diminished movement) induces muscle mineral depletion. However, the mechanism of muscle mineral depletion during
hypokinesia (HK) remains unknown. Measuring electrolyte retention and electrolyte values in muscle, plasma, and urine during
and after HK, the aim of this study was to discover if HK could depress mineral retention and lead to muscle mineral depletion.
Studies were done on 204 13-wk-old male Wistar rats (370–390 g) during 10 d pre-HK period, 98 d HK period, and 15 d post-HK
period. Rats were equally divided into two groups: vivarium control rats (VCR) and hypokinetic rats (HKR). All hypokinetic
rats were kept for 98 d in small individual cages, which restricted their movements in all directions without hindering food
and water intakes. All control rats were housed for 98 d in individual cages under vivarium control conditions. Both groups
of rats were pair-fed.
During the HK period skeletal muscle sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and water content and electrolyte
retention decreased significantly (p < 0.05), while urinary and plasma electrolyte levels increased significantly (p < 0.05) in HKR compared with their pre-HK values and their respective VCR. During the initial days of the post-HK period,
mineral retention increased significantly (p < 0.05), plasma and urinary electrolyte level decreased significantly (p < 0.05), while muscle electrolyte and water content remained significantly (p < 0.05) depressed in HKR compared with VCR. Muscle mineral and water content, electrolyte retention, plasma, and urinary
electrolyte values did not change in VCR compared with their pre-HK values.
It was concluded that during HK decreased muscle mineral content may suggest muscle mineral depletion, while increased urinary
electrolyte loss and muscle mineral depletion may demonstrate reduced mineral retention. Reduced electrolyte excretion and
depressed muscle mineral content during post-HK may indicate skeletal muscle mineral depletion during HK. Dissociation between
electrolyte retention and muscle mineral depletion may demonstrate the presence of decreased electrolyte retention as the
mechanism of muscle electrolyte depletion during prolonged HK. 相似文献
3.
Zorbas YG Kakurin VJ Kuznetsov NA Yarullin VL Andreyev ID Charapakhin KP 《Biological trace element research》2002,85(3):211-226
Hypokinesia (diminished movement) induces significant phosphate (P) excretion; however, little is known about the P deposition
ability of the body during hypokinesia (HK). Using P loads, the aim of this study was to establish the deposition ability
of the body to retain P during prolonged HK. Studies were done during a 30-d period of pre-HK and a 364-d period of HK. Forty
male trained athletes aged 24.7 ± 8.0 yr were chosen as subjects. They were equally divided into four groups: unloaded ambulatory
control subjects (UACS), unloaded hypokinetic subjects (UHKS), loaded ambulatory control subjects (LACS), and loaded hypokinetic
subjects (LHKS). All hypokinetic subjects were limited to an average walking distance of 0.7 km/d. Loading tests with 85.0
mg of calcium phosphate/kg body weight were performed on the LACS and LHKS.
Fecal P loss, urinary calcium (Ca) and P loss, serum P, Ca, and the ionized calcium (CaI) levels increased significantly (p≤0.05) in the LHKS and UHKS groups when compared with the LACS and UACS groups, respectively. Serum intact parathyroid hormone
(iPTH) and the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2 D3] levels decreased significantly (p≤0.05) in the LHKS and UHKS groups when compared with the LACS and UACS groups, respectively. After the P load, significant
(p≤0.05) differences were observed between LHKS and UHKS groups regarding serum, urinary, and fecal P changes. Thus, the deposition
capacity of P decreased significantly (p≤0.05) more in the LHKS group than in the UHKS group. The deposition of P, fecal P, urinary P and Ca, serum CaI, P, Ca, 1,25-(OH)2 D3, and iPTH changed insignificantly (p>0.05) in control groups when compared with their baseline values.
It was shown that after the P load, significant differences were observed between the loaded and unloaded hypokinetic subjects
regarding serum, urinary, and fecal P values and P retention. The oral P load intensified P loss from the body. It was concluded
that the higher the P intake increased the greater P loss and the lower P deposition and thus the less likely it is for the
P load to benefit hypokinetic subjects. 相似文献
4.
Zorbas YG Yarullin VL Denogradov SD Afonin VB Kakurin VJ 《Biological trace element research》2000,73(3):211-229
Electrolyte metabolism undergoes significant changes in trained subjects, but it is unknown if it undergoes significant changes
in untrained subjects during hypokinesia (decreased movement). The aim of this study was to measure calcium (Ca) changes in
trained and untrained subjects during prolonged hypokinesia (HK).
Studies were done during 30 d of a pre-HK period and 364 d of a HK period. Forty male trained and untrained volunteers aged
23–26 yr were chosen as subjects. All subjects were equally divided into four groups: trained ambulatory control subjects
(TACS), trained hypokinetic subjects (THKS), untrained hypokinetic subjects (UHKS), and untrained ambulatory control subjects
(UACS). The THKS and UHKS groups were kept under an average running distance of 0.7 km/d.
Fecal Ca excretion, urinary Ca and magnesium (Mg) excretion, serum ionized calcium (CaI), Ca, Mg, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25 (OH)2 D] concentration, body weight, and peak
oxygen uptake were measured. Fecal Ca loss, urinary Ca and Mg excretion, and serum CaI, Mg, and Ca increased significantly (p ≤ 0.01), whereas serum iPTH and 1,25 (OH)2 D concentration body weight and peak oxygen uptake decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.01) in the THKS and UHKS groups when compared with the TACS and UACS groups. The measured parameters were much greater
and much faster in the THKS group than in the UHKS group. By contrast, the corresponding parameters did not change significantly
in the TACS and UACS groups when compared with the baseline control values.
It was concluded that prolonged HK induces significant fecal, urinary, and serum Ca changes in the hypokinetic subjects when
compared with control subjects. However, fecal, urinary, and serum Ca changes were much greater and appeared much faster in
the THKS group than the UHKS group. 相似文献
5.
Zorbas YG Yarullin VL Denogradov SD Afonin VB Kakurin VK 《Biological trace element research》2002,88(2):125-138
Hypokinesia (diminished movement) induces phosphate (P) changes; however, it is not known if P change is greater in trained
than untrained subjects. Measuring P balance and P retention during hypokinesia (HK) and P load, we studied if changes in
P retention and P depletion were significantly (p<0.05) greater in trained than untrained subjects. Studies were done during a 30-d pre-HK period and a 364-d HK period. Forty
male trained and untrained healthy individuals aged 24.5±5.4 yr were chosen as subjects. All volunteers were equally divided
into four groups: trained ambulatory control subjects (TACS), trained hypokinetic subjects (THKS), untrained ambulatory control
subjects (UACS), and untrained hypokinetic subjects (UHKS). All THKS and UHKS were limited to an average walking distance
of 0.3 km/d, and TACS and UACS were on an average running distance of 9.8 and 1.8 km/d, respectively. Subjects took daily
12.7-mmol dicalcium-phosphate/kg body weight in the form of supplementation.
Negative P balance, fecal P loss, urinary P and calcium (Ca) excretion, serum P, and total Ca (Cat) levels increased significantly (p<0.05), whereas P retention, serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25 (OH)2D3] and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) level decreased significantly (p<0.05) in THKS and UHKS when compared with their pre-HK values and their respective ambulatory controls (TACS and UACS). However,
P retention, P balance, serum, urinary, and fecal P, and serum hormone level changed significantly (p<0.05) more in THKS than UHKS. Retention of P, fecal P, urinary P and Ca loss, serum P and Cat level, P balance, 1,25(OH)2D3, and iPTH level change insignificantly (p>0.05) in TACS and UACS when compared with their pre-HK control values.
It was concluded that significant negative P balance may indicate P depletion, whereas significant P loss in spite of negative
P balance and P load may suggest P retention incapacity; however, P depletion was greater in THKS than UHKS. Clearly, P is
wasted much more in THKS than UHKS. 相似文献
6.
Zorbas YG Kakurin VJ Denogratov SD Yarullin VL Deogenov VA 《Biological trace element research》2001,80(3):201-219
Hypokinesia (HK) (diminished movement) induces significant electrolyte changes, but little is known about the effect of periodic
hypokinesia (PHK) on minerals. The aim of this study was to measure the effect of PHK and continuous hypokinesia (CHK) on
urinary and serum electrolytes. Studies were done during a 30-d period of prehypokinesia (HK) and during 364 d of PHK and
CHK periods. Thirty male athletes aged 24.6±7.7 yr were chosen as subjects. They were equally divided into three groups: unrestricted
ambulatory control subjects (UACS), continuously hypokinetic subjects (CHKS), and periodically hypokinetic subjects (PHKS).
The UACS group experienced no changes in the daily activities and regular training and they were maintained under an average
running distance of 11.7 km/d. The CHKS group was limited to an average walking distance of 0.7 km/d; and the PHKS group was
limited to an average walking distance of 0.7 and running distance of 11.7 km/d for 5 d and 2 d/wk, respectively, for a period
of 364 d.
Urinary and serum phosphate (P), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na) and potassium (K), serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), calcitonin
(CT), plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone (PA) levels, food and water intakes, and physical characteristics were measured.
Urinary P, Ca, Na, and K loss, serum Ca, P, Na, and K, and PRA and PA values increased significantly (p≤0.01), whereas serum iPTH and CT levels decreased significantly (p≤0.01) in the PHKS and CHKS groups when compared with the UACS group. However, significant (p≤0.01) differences were observed between PHKS and CHKS groups regarding urinary and serum electrolytes, serum and plasma hormones.
Food and water intakes, body weight, body fat, and peak oxygen uptake decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.01) in the CHKS group when compared with PHKS and UACS groups. Food and fluid intakes, body fat, and body weight increased
significantly (p≤0.01), whereas peak oxygen uptake remained significantly (p≤0.01) higher in the PHKS group when compared with the CHKS group. Serum and urinary minerals, serum hormones, food and fluid
intakes, and physical characteristics did not change significantly (p>0.01) in the UACS group when compared with their baseline control values.
It was shown that both PHK and CHK induce significant serum and urinary electrolyte changes. However, urinary and serum electrolyte
changes were significantly (p≤0.01) greater during PHK than CHK. It was concluded that the greater the stability of muscular activity, the smaller the
serum and urinary electrolyte changes during prolonged HK. 相似文献
7.
Oral application of 700 mg/kg salicylic acid to pregnant and nonpregnant female rats caused an increase of serum Mg2+ and a decrease of serum Ca2+ concentration. The salicylate effect was drastically enhanced by Zn deficiency. The increase in serum Mg2+ is probably caused by the nephrotoxicity of salicylate. The decrease of serum Ca2+ concentration is combined with an increase of parathyroid hormone concentration in serum. Probably, salicylate and Zn deficiency
inhibit Ca2+ mobilization by parathyroid hormone in bone. 相似文献
8.
Somatostatin and intestinal calcium transport in the rat 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In intact rats we studied the influence of low doses of intravenously (i.v.) administered somatostatin (SRIF) on the net absorption and the bidirectional fluxes (lumen-to-plasma, LP; plasma-to-lumen, PL) of calcium in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and caecum. In the duodenum SRIF inhibited the LP-flux and the net absorption of Ca significantly at infusion rates of 0.75 and 1.0 microgram SRIF . kg-1 . h-1. The PL-flux was not altered by any of the SRIF doses administered. In the other gut segments studied (jejunum, ileum, caecum) neither the net absorption nor the bidirectional Ca fluxes were changed by i.v. SRIF. It is concluded that SRIF in the plasma levels achieved in this study has an influence on the duodenal calcium absorption (CaA) of the rat; questions regarding the mechanisms of this action as well as the physiological significance of our findings are as yet unresolved. 相似文献
9.
Rigorous bed rest (RBR) induces significant electrolyte changes, but little it is not known about the effect of acute bed
rest (ABR) (i.e., abrupt confinement to a RBR). The aim of this study was to measure urinary and plasma electrolyte changes
during ABR and RBR conditions.
The studies were done during 3 d of a pre-bed-rest (BR) period and during 7 d of an ABR and RBR period. Thirty male trained
athletes aged, 24.4 ± 6.6 yr were chosen as subjects. They were divided equally into three groups: unrestricted ambulatory
control subjects (UACS), acute-bed-rested subjects (ABRS), and rigorous-bed-rested subjects (RBRS). The UACS group experienced
no changes in professional training and daily activities. The ABRS were submitted abruptly to a RBR regimen and without having
any prior knowledge of the exact date and time when they would be subjected to an RBR regimen. The RBRS were subjected to
an RBR regime on a predetermined date and time known to them from the beginning of the study.
Sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and phosphate (P) in plasma and urine, plasma renin activity (PRA)
and plasma aldosterone (PA), physical characteristics, peak oxygen uptake, and food and water intakes were measured. Urinary
Na, K, Ca, Mg, and P excretion and plasma Na, K, Mg, Ca, and P concentration, PRA, and PA concentration increased significantly
(p ≤ 0.01), whereas body weight, peak oxygen uptake, and food and water intakes decreased significantly in the ABRS and RBRS
groups when compared with the UACS group. However, urinary and plasma Na, K, Mg, P, and Ca, PRA, and PA values increased much
faster and were much greater in the ABRS group than in the RBRS group. Plasma and urinary Na, K, Ca, Mg, and P, PRA and PA
levels, food and water intakes, body weight, and peak oxygen uptake did not change significantly in the UACS group when compared
with its baseline control values.
It was shown that RBR and ABR conditions induce significant increases in urinary and plasma electrolytes; however, urinary
and plasma electrolyte changes appeared much faster and were much greater in the ABRS group than the RBRS group. It was concluded
that the more abruptly motor activity is ended, the faster and the greater the urinary and plasma electrolyte change. 相似文献
10.
Zorbas YG Kakurin VJ Kuznetsov NA Yarullin VL Andreyev ID Charapakhin KP 《Biological trace element research》2002,85(1):1-22
Hypokinesia (diminished movement) induces significant potassium (K) changes; however, little is known about K deposition and
deficiency during hypokinesia (HK). Using K supplements during and after HK, the aim was to establish body K deposition and
K deficiency during HK. Studies were done during the pre-HK period of 30 d, HK period of 364 d, and post-HK period of 30 d.
Forty male trained athletes aged 24.9 ± 8.0 y were chosen as subjects. They were equally divided into four groups: unsupplemented
active control subjects (UACS), unsupplemented hypokinetic subjects (UHKS), supplemented active control subjects (SACS), and
supplemented hypokinetic subjects (SHKS). Hypokinetic subjects were limited to an average walking distance of 0.7 km/d. Control
subjects ran an average distance of 11.6 km/d. The SHKS and SACS groups took 95.0 mg elemental K/kg body weight daily.
Fecal K excretion, urinary sodium (Na) and K excretion, plasma K and Na levels, plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone
(PA), food and fluid intake, and physical characteristics were measured. During HK, fecal K loss, urinary K and Na loss, and
plasma K, Na, PRA, and PA levels increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05), whereas during the initial days of post-HK, the levels of the measured parameters decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in the SHKS and UHKS groups as compared with the SACS and UACS groups, respectively. During HK, body weight, body
fat, peak oxygen uptake, food and fluid intake decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05), whereas during the initial days of post-HK period remained significantly (p ≤ 0.05) depressed and fluid intake increased in SHKS and UHKS groups when compared with the SACS and UACS groups, respectively.
However, during HK and post-HK plasma, urinary, and fecal K changed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) more in the SHKS group than in the UHKS group. The deposition of K was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower and K deficiency much higher in the SHKS group than in the UHKS group. Fecal K loss, urinary K and Na loss,
plasma K, Na, PRA, and PA levels, body weight, body fat, peak oxygen uptake, and food and fluid intake did not change significantly
in the SACS and UACS when compared with their baseline control values.
It was shown that plasma K concentration and urinary and fecal K excretion increased during HK and decreased significantly
(p ≤ 0.05) during post-HK. post-HK. Oral K supplements did not influence plasma or fecal and urinary K either during HK or post-HK.
It was concluded that the low plasma K level and fecal and urinary K loss during post-HK may indicate the presence of K deficiency,
and increased K in plasma, urine, and feces during HK and in the presence of K deficiency may suggest the body’s inability
to retain K during HK. 相似文献
11.
Objective: The anti‐diabetic thiazolidinediones (TZDs) stimulate adipocyte differentiation and decrease mean adipocyte size. However, whether these smaller, more insulin‐sensitive adipocytes maintain their size after TZD therapy is discontinued has not been studied. Research Methods and Procedures: Adult female Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed a low‐fat (10% fat) diet or, to elevate body weight (BW), a high‐fat (HF) diet (45% fat) for 6 weeks. Rats were initially randomized to groups (n = 12) fed either low‐fat or HF diets, with or without the TZD rosiglitazone (ROSI; 5 mg/kg per day), for 6 weeks. ROSI was then discontinued, and all animals were fed HF for another 6 weeks before sacrifice. Retroperitoneal (RP) adipose tissue morphology was determined from tissue collected by serial biopsies before and after 6 weeks of ROSI treatment and at sacrifice. Results: Measures of BW and adiposity did not differ among groups 6 weeks after stopping ROSI treatment. However, during treatment, ROSI in both diets significantly decreased RP adipocyte size and increased RP DNA content, and these effects continued to be observed after discontinuing treatment. ROSI administration also decreased circulating insulin, leptin, and triglycerides and increased circulating adiponectin levels; however, these effects were reversed on stopping treatment. Discussion: These results demonstrated that TZD‐induced effects on adipocyte size and number were maintained after discontinuing treatment, even with consumption of an obesigenic diet. However, additional studies are needed to determine whether TZD‐treated animals eventually achieve an adipocyte size similar to that of untreated animals at the expense of a higher BW. 相似文献
12.
Bao-Di Gou Yang Liu Yu-Xi Gao Kun Tang Lei Zheng Yi-Dong Zhao Tian-Lan Zhang 《Journal of structural biology》2019,205(1):41-47
The total calcium (tCa) in blood serum comprises free Ca2+ ions (fCa), protein-bound calcium (prCa), and complexed calcium by small anions (cCa). The cCa fraction, in addition to fCa, has been indicated to have some physiological activity. However, there is little evidence for the structure of its constituents. Here we report an ex vivo detection of the cCa constituents by synchrotron X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy. We collected the data directly on rat blood serum and, by making use of the reference samples, derived a spectrum that exhibits the features of cCa constituents. Among the features are those of the complexes of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. The detected complexes in the cCa fraction are mainly Ca(η2-HPO4)(H2O)4 and Ca(η1-HCO3)(H2O)5+, in which HPO42? and HCO3? serve as bidentate and unidentate ligands, respectively. The remained H2O molecules on the coordination sphere of Ca2+ enable these complexes to behave partially like aquated Ca2+ ions in protein-binding. Besides, as the dominant part of prCa, albumin-bound calcium (albCa) exhibits a spectrum that closely resembles that of fCa, indicating weak interactions between the protein carboxyl groups and calcium. The weak-bound cCa and albCa, along with fCa and the relevant anions, compose a local chemical system that could play a role in maintaining the calcium level in blood. 相似文献
13.
Kuo DY 《Journal of biomedical science》2002,9(2):126-132
This study investigated whether co-administration of dopamine D1 and D2 agonists might additively inhibit the feeding effect and whether this effect was mediated by the action on hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY). The D1 agonist SKF 38393 (SKF) and D2 agonists apomorphine (APO) or quinpirole (QNP) were administered, alone or in combination, to examine this possibility. In single administration, decreases of daily food intake were observed only in rats treated twice a day with a higher dose of SKF, APO or QNP. However, combined administration of D1 and D2 agonists, with each agent at a dose that alone did not induce anorexia in one daily treatment, exerted a significant effect. These results reveal that co-activation of D1 and D2 receptors can additively reduce daily food intake and body weight. The same treatment also decreased the level of hypothalamic NPY 24 h post-treatment. These results suggest an additive effect during combined activation of D1 and D2 receptor subtypes to decrease food intake and body weight that are mediated by the action of hypothalamic NPY. Similar to the effects seen in healthy rats, combined D1/D2 administration was also effective in the reduction of food intake in diabetic rats, revealing the efficiency of D1/D2 agonist in the improvement of hyperphasia in diabetic animals. 相似文献
14.
Nitric oxide (NO) works as a retrograde neurotransmitter in synapses, allows the brain blood flow and also has important roles in intracellular signaling in neurons from the regulation of the neuronal metabolic status to the dendritic spine growth. Moreover NO is able to perform post-translational modifications in proteins by the S-nitrosylation of the thiol amino acids, which is a physiological mechanism to regulate protein function. On the other hand, during aging and pathological processes the behavior of NO can turn harmful when reacts with superoxide anion to form peroxynitrite. This gaseous compound can diffuse easily throughout the neuronal membranes damaging lipid, proteins and nucleic acids. In the case of proteins, peroxynitrite reacts mostly with the phenolic ring of the tyrosines forming nitro-tyrosines that affects dramatically to the physiological functions of the proteins. Protein nitrotyrosination is an irreversible process that also yields to the accumulation of the modified proteins contributing to the onset and progression of neurodegenerative processes such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease. 相似文献
15.
《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2022,29(10):103425
The current work clarifies the negative effects of excess exposure to boric acid (H3BO3) as a boron-containing compound on rats and the possible ameliorative effect of melatonin (MEL). Forty rats were equally divided into 5 groups as follows: group 1 was treated as control while groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were orally administered corn oil (0.5 ml), H3BO3 (1330 mg/kg BW), MEL (10 mg/kg BW) and H3BO3 + MEL for 28 consecutive days, respectively. At the end of the experiment, blood was sampled for biochemical and hematological analysis and tissues were collected for histopathological examination. The obtained results demonstrated that the exposure to H3BO3 induced hepatorenal dysfunctions, alterations in bone-related minerals and hormones levels, prostaglandin E2 as inflammatory mediator and hematological indices. H3BO3 induced histological alterations in the liver, kidneys, bone and skin. The co-administration of MEL with H3BO3 resulted in a significant improvement in most of the measured parameters and restoration of morpho-functional state of different organs compared to the H3BO3 group. In conclusion, the study clearly demonstrated that H3BO3- induced various adverse effects and that melatonin may be beneficial in a partial mitigating the H3BO3 and may represent a novel approach in the counteracting its toxicity. 相似文献