Six new species of the subgenera Alloparadisa and Ashima (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica) from Yunnan,China, with DNA barcoding information

Six new species of the genus Phortica are described from Yunnan, Southwest China: P. (Alloparadisa) kaibangya n. sp., P. (Ashima) semiannulata n. sp., P. (Ashima) dianmianensis n. sp., P. (Ashima) idiasta n. sp., P. (Ashima) menglian n. sp. and P. (Ashima) zhangyuanae n. sp. The 22 new DNA sequences of the mitochondrial COI gene with BOLD Process ID and GenBank accession numbers are provided for the six new species and six related known species from southern China: P. (Ashima) glabra, Chen & Toda, 2005 P. (Ashima) nudiarista Cheng & Chen, 2008, P. (Ashima) saltiaristula Chen & Wen, 2005, P. (Ashima) spinosa, Chen & Toda, 2005 P. (Ashima) symmetria Chen & Toda, 2005 and P. (Ashima) yiqini Zhu & Chen, 2017. The pairwise interspecific K-2P COI distances among all Chinese species of the subgenera Alloparadisa and Ashima are summarized. An identification key to males of all Chinese species of the subgenera Alloparadisa and Ashima is provided.     

The Stegana (sensu stricto) species from China,with morphological and molecular evidence (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Four new species of the subgenus Stegana (sensu stricto) were found and described from China: S. (S.) antha sp. nov., S. (S.) latiorificia sp. nov., S. (S.) huangjiai sp. nov. and S. (S.) nigrifoliacea sp. nov. Three known Stegana (s. str.) species from China: S. (S.) antlia Okada, 1991, S. (S.) cheni Sidorenko, 1997 Sidorenko, V. S. (1997). New Asian species and new records of the genus Stegana Meigen (Diptera, Drosophilidae). I. Subgenera Oxyphortica Duda and Stegana s. str. Annales d la Société Entomologique de France (N. S.), 33, 65–79.[Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] and S. (S.) emeiensis Sidorenko, 1997 Sidorenko, V. S. (1997). New Asian species and new records of the genus Stegana Meigen (Diptera, Drosophilidae). I. Subgenera Oxyphortica Duda and Stegana s. str. Annales d la Société Entomologique de France (N. S.), 33, 65–79.[Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] are redescribed as supplementary information. A key to the species, based on morphological characters, is provided. The phylogenetic relationships among 14 species of the subgenus Stegana are reconstructed with the combined sequences of the mitochondrial genes, ND2 (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2) and COI (cytochrome c oxidase, subunit I). Moreover, the intra- and interspecific pairwise K-2P (Kimura's two-parameter) distances among these species are summarized, and the availability of mitochondrial markers in the species identification of the subgenus Stegana are further discussed.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:368C55C3-B101-457C-BD61-BDD8F1B780E5     

Amiota sinuata species group from eastern Malaysia (Diptera, Drosophilidae)

Eight species of the Amiota sinuata species group are reported from eastern Malaysia, including six new species, A. bispinula, A. cerata, A. curvibacula, A. lambirensis, A. parviserrata and A. quadrifoliolata spp. nov. A key to Asian species of the group is provided.     

中国冠果蝇属一新种和二新记录种及DNA条形码信息(双翅目:果蝇科)

基于形态学和分子遗传学证据,描述了冠果蝇属1新种Stegana(Stegana)helvippecta sp.nov.和2中国新记录种:S.(S.)furta(Linnaeus,1767)和 S.(S.)taba Okada,1971;利用41 条 DNA 条形码信息,分析了18种冠果蝇的遗传距离,并提供了中国产全部1...     

The subgenus Ashima (Diptera,Drosophildae, Phortica) from China,with DNA barcoding and descriptions of three new species

In the present study, three new species found in Yunnan, Southwest China were described as members of the subgenus Phortica (Ashima): P. (A.) haba An & Chen, sp. nov., P. (A.) montipagana An & Chen, sp. nov. and P. (A.) qingsongi An & Chen, sp. nov. Barcode sequences (partial sequences of the mitochondrial COI gene) were collected from 61 specimens of 16 known and the above-mentioned three new Ashima species. The intra- and interspecific pairwise K-2P (Kimura two-parameter) COI distances were analysed and a phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the barcode sequences. Species delimitation in this subgenus was supported by integrating barcodes with morphological information, in particular for the three new species, considered to be cryptic species. In addition, the diversification of lineages in the subgenus Ashima was proposed to occur in southern China and adjacent areas, suggesting specific adaptation of Ashima species to the high plateau environments.

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:69A81D0E-5993-426D-9B59-A2AC5E52BD84     

A New Species of Chelipoda Macquart,with a Key to the Species from China (Diptera: Empididae)

Chelipoda nigraristata sp. n., a new aquatic dance fly of the subfamily Hemerodromiinae (Diptera, Empididae) is described from China. Relationships with other described species are discussed. A key to the species of the genus Chelipoda from China is presented for the first time.     

Integrative taxonomy of the primitively segmented spider genus Ganthela (Araneae: Mesothelae: Liphistiidae): DNA barcoding gap agrees with morphology

Species delimitation is difficult for taxa in which the morphological characters are poorly known because of the rarity of adult morphs or sexes, and in cryptic species. In primitively segmented spiders, family Liphistiidae, males are often unknown, and female genital morphology – usually species‐specific in spiders – exhibits considerable intraspecific variation. Here, we report on an integrative taxonomic study of the liphistiid genus Ganthela Xu & Kuntner, 2015, endemic to south‐east China, where males are only available for two of the seven morphological species (two known and five undescribed). We obtained DNA barcodes (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene, COI) for 51 newly collected specimens of six morphological species and analysed them using five species‐delimitation methods: DNA barcoding gap, species delimitation plugin [P ID(Liberal)], automatic barcode gap discovery (ABGD), generalized mixed Yule‐coalescent model (GMYC), and statistical parsimony (SP). Whereas the first three agreed with the morphology, GMYC and SP indicate several additional species. We used the consensus results to delimit and diagnose six Ganthela species, which in addition to the type species Ganthela yundingensis Xu, 2015, completes the revision of the genus. Although multi‐locus phylogenetic approaches may be needed for complex taxonomic delimitations, our results indicate that even single‐locus analyses based on the COI barcodes, if integrated with morphological and geographical data, may provide sufficiently reliable species delimitation. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London     

DNA barcoding of Gaultheria L.in China (Ericaceae: Vaccinioideae)

Four DNA barcoding loci,chloroplast loci rbcL,matK,trnH-psbA,and nuclear locus internal transcribed spacer (ITS),were tested for the accurate discrimination of the Chinese species of Gaultheria by using intraspecific and interspecific pairwise P-distance,Wilcoxon signed rank test,and tree-based analyses.This study included 186 individuals from 89 populations representing 30 species.For all individuals,single locus markers showed high levels of sequencing universality but were ineffective for species resolvability.Polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing were successful for all four loci.Both ITS and matK showed significantly higher levels of interspecific species delimitation than rbcL and trnH-psbA.A combination ofmatK and ITS was the most efficient DNA barcode among all studied regions,however,they do not represent an appropriate candidate barcode for Chinese Gaultheria,by which only 11 out of 30 species can be separated.Loci rbcL,matK,and trnH-psbA,which were recently proposed as universal plant barcodes,have a very poor capacity for species separation for Chinese Gaultheria.DNA barcodes may be reliable tools to identify the evolutionary units of this group,so further studies are needed to develop more efficient DNA barcodes for Gaultheria and other genera with complicated evolutionary histories.     

DNA barcoding of Gaultheria L. in China (Ericaceae: Vaccinioideae)

Abstract Four DNA barcoding loci, chloroplast loci rbcL, matK, trnH‐psbA, and nuclear locus internal transcribed spacer (ITS), were tested for the accurate discrimination of the Chinese species of Gaultheria by using intraspecific and interspecific pairwise P‐distance, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and tree‐based analyses. This study included 186 individuals from 89 populations representing 30 species. For all individuals, single locus markers showed high levels of sequencing universality but were ineffective for species resolvability. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing were successful for all four loci. Both ITS and matK showed significantly higher levels of interspecific species delimitation than rbcL and trnH‐psbA. A combination of matK and ITS was the most efficient DNA barcode among all studied regions, however, they do not represent an appropriate candidate barcode for Chinese Gaultheria, by which only 11 out of 30 species can be separated. Loci rbcL, matK, and trnH‐psbA, which were recently proposed as universal plant barcodes, have a very poor capacity for species separation for Chinese Gaultheria. DNA barcodes may be reliable tools to identify the evolutionary units of this group, so further studies are needed to develop more efficient DNA barcodes for Gaultheria and other genera with complicated evolutionary histories.     

Assessment of loci for DNA barcoding in the genus Thrips (Thysanoptera:Thripidae)

Identification of the juveniles of economically important thrips species on imports by morphology alone can be challenging and culturing is usually required. In the case of EU quarantine species such as Thrips palmi, rapid and accurate identification is essential. DNA barcoding using the Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene has become a popular technique for species identification; however, in some invertebrate genera COI has been shown to provide insufficient variability for species discrimination. This study presents a comparison of five different loci to investigate their ability to discriminate a small number of Thrips species. All five loci discriminated the species by neighbour-joining tree and varying degrees of discrimination were determined upon further investigation of the intraspecific and interspecific distances. Two distinct COI clades were observed for T. Palmi and judged to be COI haplotypes when data from the other four additional loci and geographical collection data were taken into consideration. COI was shown to provide sufficient variation to be used in future DNA barcoding efforts within the genus Thrips.     

Description of a new species of the genus Glenea from Tibet, China (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Saperdini)

A new species, Glenea jinisp. n. is described from Tibet, China. It can be separated from other species of the genus Glenea Newman by the complicated black and ochre markings as well as characters of the genitalia.     

中国新记录属——拟薄盘菌属及其新种和新记录种（英文）

在对我国柔膜菌科真菌进行研究过程中,发现一个中国新记录属,即拟薄盘菌属Cenangiopsis。研究结果表明,该属的2个种在我国分布,其中青海拟薄盘菌C.qinghaiensis为一新种,悬钩子生拟薄盘菌C.rubicola为中国新记录种。对两个种的形态学特征进行了描述与图解。     

Identification of Belgian mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) by DNA barcoding

Since its introduction in 2003, DNA barcoding has proven to be a promising method for the identification of many taxa, including mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Many mosquito species are potential vectors of pathogens, and correct identification in all life stages is essential for effective mosquito monitoring and control. To use DNA barcoding for species identification, a reliable and comprehensive reference database of verified DNA sequences is required. Hence, DNA sequence diversity of mosquitoes in Belgium was assessed using a 658 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene, and a reference data set was established. Most species appeared as well‐supported clusters. Intraspecific Kimura 2‐parameter (K2P) distances averaged 0.7%, and the maximum observed K2P distance was 6.2% for Aedes koreicus. A small overlap between intra‐ and interspecific K2P distances for congeneric sequences was observed. Overall, the identification success using best match and the best close match criteria were high, that is above 98%. No clear genetic division was found between the closely related species Aedes annulipes and Aedes cantans, which can be confused using morphological identification only. The members of the Anopheles maculipennis complex, that is Anopheles maculipennis s.s. and An. messeae, were weakly supported as monophyletic taxa. This study showed that DNA barcoding offers a reliable framework for mosquito species identification in Belgium except for some closely related species.     

中国突蜣蝇属一新种（双翅目：蜣蝇科）

记述中国蜣蝇科1新记录属:突蜣蝇属Tylotrypes及该属1新种:长毛突蜣蝇Tylotrypes longipilosasp.nov.。新种的鉴别特征为:体棕色,头浅棕色不具斑,胸深黄色具大量浅色毛,翅半透明具不规则灰色阴影,腹末第9背板宽阔,尾须短圆。     

Nondestructive DNA extraction from blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): retaining voucher specimens for DNA barcoding projects

A nondestructive, chemical-free method is presented for the extraction of DNA from small insects. Blackflies were submerged in sterile, distilled water and sonicated for varying lengths of time to provide DNA which was assessed in terms of quantity, purity and amplification efficiency. A verified DNA barcode was produced from DNA extracted from blackfly larvae, pupae and adult specimens. A 60-second sonication period was found to release the highest quality and quantity of DNA although the amplification efficiency was found to be similar regardless of sonication time. Overall, a 66% amplification efficiency was observed. Examination of post-sonicated material confirmed retention of morphological characters. Sonication was found to be a reliable DNA extraction approach for barcoding, providing sufficient quality template for polymerase chain reaction amplification as well as retaining the voucher specimen for post-barcoding morphological evaluation.     

The Drosophilidae (Diptera) of the Scattered Islands,with the description of a novel association with Leptadenia madagascariensis Decne. (Apocynaceae)

The 10th CanFly (Canadian Drosophila Research Conference) meeting took place June 1-4, 2009 in Jasper National Park, west of Edmonton. This year's meeting has over 100 participants representing over 30 different research groups from every region of Canada, as well as several groups from the United States and Europe. Topics included ranged from Cell Biology, Signaling and Adhesion to Development, Gene Regulation and Neurobiology.