猪苓及猪苓多糖对BBN联合糖精作用Fisher-344大鼠肝脏代谢酶的影响

以BBN联合糖精作用Fisher-344大鼠,分别使用ELISA及RT-PCR方法测定样本中CYP450、GST和NQO1酶活性及Gstpi和NQO1 mRNA相对表达含量。结果表明,猪苓及猪苓多糖均可使样本中CYP450酶活性显著降低,其中猪苓对CYP450酶活性抑制呈剂量依赖性;猪苓及猪苓多糖对样本中GST无明显影响,猪苓可显著升高样本中NQO1酶活性;猪苓高剂量及猪苓多糖可上调GSTPi mRNA表达,猪苓及猪苓多糖对NQO1 mRNA表达无明显作用。研究表明猪苓及猪苓多糖抗癌作用与降低CYP450与升高NQO1酶活性有关,但机制有待进一步研究。     

从ITS序列探讨猪苓与其伴生菌的亲缘关系

对猪苓菌丝、野生猪苓子实体、野生猪苓菌核和其伴生菌的 5.8SrDNA及其两侧的ITS 1区和ITS2区进行了序列分析。发现猪苓与其伴生菌的ITS序列同源性达 99.36% ,说明猪苓与其伴生菌有着极高的分子亲缘关系。     

高效液相法与硫酸-蒽酮法测定猪苓多糖含量比较

本研究目的是比较高效液相法与硫酸-蒽酮法在测定猪苓多糖含量上的差异。为此,研究采用水提醇沉、Sevag法除蛋白、透析和冷冻干燥制备相对纯化的猪苓多糖,通过凝胶渗透色谱及高效液相法对猪苓多糖的相对分子量分布、组成及含量进行研究,用硫酸-蒽酮分光光度法测定猪苓颗粒中猪苓多糖的含量。结果显示,猪苓多糖数均相对分子质量为48,232,重均相对分子质量为117,506,分子范围2.44,可能由海藻糖和葡萄糖组成,其含量分别为6.05%和62.28%。硫酸-蒽酮法侧的猪苓多糖含量为87.9%。对于猪苓多糖含量测定,高效液相法优于硫酸-蒽酮法。     

我国猪苓研究的进展

猪苓菌核同密环菌建立起共生关系才能继续生长。从猪苓菌核生长、菌核与蜜环菌的关系、猪苓菌种培养与猪苓多糖提取、猪苓人工栽培等方面进行了综述     

猪苓菌丝形成菌核伴生菌的发现及应用

在野生猪苓 (Grifolaumbellata (Pers .)Pil偄ｔ)菌核生长穴中首次分离到猪苓菌丝形成菌核所必需的伴生菌(Grifolasp .)。实验证明 :纯培养的猪苓菌丝不能形成菌核 ,但其与伴生菌共培养 ,无论在实验室培养基上或用树棒栽培 ,猪苓菌核形成很快且发育正常 ;伴生菌是猪苓菌丝形成菌核的关键生物因子。另外 ,伴生菌菌丝和猪苓菌菌丝二者形态差别较大 ,前者多为细长的薄壁菌丝 ,后者多为细胞直径较大的薄壁和厚壁菌丝。     

猪苓与蜜环菌的关系

蜜环菌Armilla riella mcllea(Vahl：Ff．)Kgtst·侵入猪苓Gri[ola umbe』zd‘4(PetsFr．)PilOt)菌核,激活了猪苓菌抵御异体侵染免疫反应的本能,猪苓菌丝细胞木质化,形成与菌核表皮结构相似的隔离腔,将蜜环菌素和部分猪苓菌丝包围。在隔离腔中蜜环菌消化分隔在腔中的猪苓菌丝,另外猪苓菌丝也可侵入或附着在蜜环菌索及侵染带细胞间隙吸收其代谢产物,猪苓菌核即可萌发出新苓正常生长。当隔离腔中的猪苓菌丝被消化后,蛮环菌生活力也减弱,解体后被猪苓菌吸收利用,隔离腔变成空腔。从广义角度看,仍可把蜜环菌与猪苓菌寄生与反寄生的营养关系概括为共生关系。     

不同产地野生猪苓多糖与麦角甾醇的含量分析

目的:比较不同产地猪苓菌核及子实体中猪苓多糖与麦角甾醇的含量,为分离优质菌株提供科学依据。方法:采用紫外-可见分光光度法及高效液相色谱法测定不同产地猪苓中猪苓多糖及麦角甾醇的含量。结果:不同产地和来源的猪苓中猪苓多糖与麦角甾醇的含量存在一定差异,其中子实体中两者的含量远高于菌核中的含量,盂县产猪苓子实体多糖含量最高,为60.694 6 mg·g-1,是菌核含量的28.2倍,沁源麦角甾醇含量最高,为4.187 0 mg·g-1,是菌核含量的2.1倍;菌核中猪苓多糖的含量范围2.151 7 mg·g-1~8.887 2 mg·g-1,陕西留坝最高,麦角甾醇的含量范围0.825 9 mg·g-1~2.023 2 mg·g-1,山西沁源最高。结论:产地、部位不同,有效成分含量不同,实验结果可为猪苓药材质量控制及优种选育研究奠定基础。     

药用真菌猪苓溶血素基因克隆和序列分析

利用3'-RACE-PCR方法首次从药用真菌猪苓中克隆得到与真菌形态发育相关的溶血素基因。结果表明,猪苓溶血素基因的全长cDNA为744bp,其中编码区占447bp,共编码148个氨基酸,推测其分子量约为15.79kDa,理论等电点为4.89。推定的猪苓溶血素蛋白具有与杨树菇溶血素类蛋白家族相同的结构域和功能位点,两者同源性为60%。系统进化树结果显示猪苓溶血素隶属于担子菌类群。实时荧光定量PCR分析结果表明在菌核形成初期猪苓溶血素基因表达量较高,且显著高于菌丝体中猪苓溶血素基因的转录水平,说明溶血素基因参与了猪苓菌核的形态发育。     

猪苓菌丝形成菌核伴生菌的发现及应用

在野生猪苓(Grifola umbellata (Pers.) Pilát)菌核生长穴中首次分离到猪苓菌丝形成菌核所必需的伴生菌(Grifola sp.).实验证明:纯培养的猪苓菌丝不能形成菌核,但其与伴生菌共培养,无论在实验室培养基上或用树棒栽培,猪苓菌核形成很快且发育正常;伴生菌是猪苓菌丝形成菌核的关键生物因子.另外,伴生菌菌丝和猪苓菌菌丝二者形态差别较大,前者多为细长的薄壁菌丝,后者多为细胞直径较大的薄壁和厚壁菌丝.     

猪苓甾酮类化合物的HPLC含量测定及指纹图谱研究

收集中国12个省区35个猪苓样品,利用高效液相色谱技术,测定5个甾酮类化合物含量,获得指纹图谱,利用相似度评价对图谱数据进行分析。共有28个样品能获得定量分析结果,其中25个样品中猪苓酮A和B的相对含量大于70%;经相关分析,猪苓酮A和B的含量之间呈极显著正相关(r=0.955,P0.01)。陕西省样品平均总甾酮含量以及猪苓酮A和B相对含量均最高,分别为182.70μg/g(C.V=82.4%)和92.3%(C.V=3.1%)。35个样品之间指纹图谱相似度0.412–0.943,标定了8个共有峰,指认了其中的3个色谱峰。11个陕西省样品之间指纹图谱相似度0.812–0.989,标定了17个共有峰,指认了其中的9个色谱峰。以上结果说明,猪苓酮A和B是猪苓主要甾酮类成分,对猪苓药材的质量控制有重要意义;陕西省的猪苓质量好且稳定。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism