崇明东滩湿地植被演替过程中生物量与氮含量的时空变化

研究了长江口东滩潮滩植物群落各演替阶段优势种的生物量与氮含量的季节变化以及演替过程中的空间变化格局。结果表明,潮滩植被生物量在生长季内随时间呈增长趋势,氮含量则在植被生长初期最大,生长末期最小。在演替过程中,植被总体生物量变化趋势为:演替中期>演替后期>演替早期。植物单位氮含量的变化是:地下部分氮含量随演替呈降低趋势,地上部分氮含量从演替中期开始随演替呈增长趋势。每1 hm2湿地植被氮含量平均值变化趋势为:演替晚期>演替中期>演替早期。根据计算,崇明东滩鸟类自然保护区内芦苇地上部分蓄积的氮含量为227.5 t,互花米草地上部分蓄积的氮含量45.9 t,海三棱草体内蓄积的氮含量为68.2 t。     

荒漠草原不同植物根际与非根际土壤养分及微生物量分布特征

通过对宁夏荒漠草原6种地带性优势物种长芒草、蒙古冰草、甘草、牛心朴子、黑沙蒿和苦豆子植物根际与非根际土壤养分和微生物量分布特征进行研究,探讨不同植物根际养分的富集的相关性和差异性。研究结果表明:6种植物根际土壤养分和微生物量均表现出明显的富集效应,根际富集率大小依次为菊科(黑沙蒿)豆科(苦豆子、甘草)禾本科(长芒草、蒙古冰草)萝藦科(牛心朴子);全磷(TP)在根际和非根际中无显著差异(P0.05),其它土壤养分及理化指标在根际中均表现出显著富集(P0.05),土壤养分中以有机碳(SOC)的富集作用最为明显;土壤有效态养分较全量养分对植物根际微小的变化响应更为灵敏;不同荒漠植物根际与非根际SOC与全氮(TN)呈极显著线性关系(P0.01),TN与碱解氮之间呈极显著线性关系(P0.01),TP与有效磷(AP)没有显著的相关性(P0.05)。荒漠植物土壤有效养分在根际存在一定的富集,灌木和豆科植物的根际效应的大于禾本科植物,它们通过降低根际pH值可以提高根际养分,有利于在脆弱环境下对土壤养分的有效利用。     

Effects of water gradients on soil enzyme activity and active organic carbon composition under Carex lasiocarpa marsh

The responses of soil enzyme activity of freshwater marsh, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and aboveground biomass to water gradients were studied with Carex lasiocarpa pot culture experiment. The relationships between soil enzyme activity and MBC, DOC and aboveground biomass were discussed. The water gradients were W1, 15 cm; W2, ?5 cm; W3, ?5–5 cm; W4, submerged. The results indicated that acid phosphatase, invertase and urease activities were decreased with the increase of water level, while catalase activity was increased with moisture content increasing. Drying-wetting alternation (W3) increased soil enzyme activities if compared with W1. MBC content followed the order of W3 > W1 > W2 > W4, and the activities of invertase, urease and catalase were significantly positively correlated with MBC (p < 0.05). DOC content presented the order of W4 > W1 > W3 > W2, and the activities of urease and acid phosphatase were most significantly negatively correlated with DOC (p < 0.01). In addition, drying-wetting alternation promoted the growth of Carex lasiocarpa. When water submerged plants, the growth of Carex lasiocarpa was significantly inhibited. The aboveground biomass was positively related to soil enzyme activities. There were close relationships between the activities of invertase, urease and catalase and the growth situation of Carex lasiocarpa.     

Community biomass of abandoned farmland and its effects on soil nutrition in the Loess hilly region of Northern Shaanxi, China

In order to have a basic knowledge of revegetation, one needs to deepen his understanding of the interactive effects of vegetation and soil. In this article, aboveground biomass, soil nutrients and moisture of 36 old-fields with different abandonment ages (from 2 to 45 years after abandonment), aboveground biomass of 4 typical old-fields, and growth characteristics of 7 predominant old-field species were measured. Changing pace, trend and relationship of community aboveground biomass and soil nutrition during the secondary succession were evaluated; effects of soil nutrition on community aboveground biomass were analyzed using multivariable analysis and pathway analysis, and effects of aboveground biomass on soil nutrition were further discussed. The results show that: (1) Soil nutrients, including organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, active phosphorus and active potassium, have the same changing pace and trends as the aboveground biomass. In the process of secondary succession, both the soil nutrition and the community aboveground biomass decreased in the earlier abandonment stage of succession and then increased subsequently. (2) On the basis of the correlation of soil nutrients and abandonment ages, effects of vegetation on 0–20 cm organic matter, active phosphorus, 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm nitrate nitrogen nutrition are significant, while on the basis of the correlation of soil nutrition and aboveground biomass, no significant effects were observed. Hereinbefore, aboveground biomass accounts for only a part of vegetation-soil nutrition effects. The effects of biomass on organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, total potassium, nitrate nitrogen, active potassium and phosphorous are positive, whereas for ammonium nitrogen it is negative. (3) Abandonment ages, total nitrogen, total potassium, active potassium and soil moisture fluctuation have direct positive effects on the aboveground biomass of old-field communities; abandonment and soil moisture fluctuation have lager effects. Each ingredient of soil nutrition has relatively small effect, among which total nitrogen has larger effects than total and active potassium. The changes in aboveground biomass of old-field communities during succession are caused mainly by the changes in coverage and ecological characteristics of community species (the relatively larger direct effects of abandonment ages), and secondly by the soil moisture fluctuation (the relative smaller indirect effect of abandonment ages through soil moisture). (4) As a dependent variable, belowground biomass approaches power function of soil depth and declines in deeper layer. The root/shoot ratio of communities tends to increase in later succession stages, which also has an increasing tendency. These may influence the accumulation of biomass and decomposition of organic matter, and the vegetation-soil effects may be different.     

陕北黄土丘陵区撂荒草地群落生物量及植被土壤养分效应

为了明确植被演替过程中植被与土壤的互动效应,为植被恢复提供依据。根据陕北黄土丘陵区36块不同年限（时间尺度为2—45a）的撂荒样地地上生物量、土壤养分和水分的测定结果,及4块典型撂荒群落样地地上／地下生物量,7种撂荒群落主要植物生长特性的测定,分析了撂荒演替过程中群落生物量与土壤养分的变化过程、趋势及其相互关系,进而探讨了撂荒演替过程中群落生物量对土壤养分的作用效应,并利用多元回归和通径分析法分析了土壤养分对群落生物量的作用。结果表明：（1）除速效磷外,撂荒演替过程中群落地上生物量和土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、NO3-N、NH4-N和速效钾都呈先减少后增加的趋势,步调基本一致。（2）从撂荒年限与土壤养分的相关性来看,0—20cm土壤有机质含量、速效磷含量和0—20、20—40cm土壤层NO3-N含量与撂荒年限相关显著,说明演替过程中有机质、速效磷和NO3-N有较为明显的植被土壤效应,而其它土壤养分与撂荒年限相关不显著,不能排除演替初始条件和植物暂时固定的影响;从群落生物量与土壤养分的相关性来看,群落生物量对土壤有机质、全氮、磷、钾、NO3-N、速效钾和速效磷含量具有正效应,而对NH4-N具有负效应,但都不显著。（3）通径分析说明撂荒年限、土壤全氮、全钾、速效钾和土壤水分变异量对生物量表现为正的直接作用,其中以撂荒年限和土壤水分波动量作用较大,土壤养分对群落地上生物量的作用以土壤全氮最大,全钾和速效钾影响较小;演替过程中群落地上生物量的变化主要是由于植被盖度和群落组成种的生态学特性造成的（撂荒年限较大的直接作用）,其次是由于撂荒演替过程中土壤水分的波动造成的（撂荒年限通过土壤水分的间接负作用）。（4）随着土层深度的加深植物根系生物量呈幂函数递减过程,演替后期群落根冠比有增加的趋势,演替后期序列种根冠比和根长也有增加的趋势,这些在一定程度上会影响到生物量积累和有机质分解等,进而会影响到植被土壤效应。     

Environmental driving factors affecting plant biomass in natural grassland in the Loess Plateau,China

Plant biomass is a key parameter for estimating terrestrial ecosystem carbon (C) stocks, which varies greatly as a result of specific environmental conditions. Here, we tested environmental driving factors affecting plant biomass in natural grassland in the Loess Plateau, China. We found that above-ground biomass (AGB) and below-ground biomass (BGB) had a similar change trend in the order of Stipa bungeana > Leymus secalinus > Artemisia sacrorum > Artemisia scoparia, whereas shoot ratio (R/S) displayed an opposite change trend. There was a significantly positive linear relationship between the AGB and BGB, regardless of plant species (p < 0.05). Furthermore, more than 50% of the AGB were found in 20–50 cm of plant height in Compositae plants (A. sacrorum, A. scoparia), whereas over 60% of the AGB were found in 20–80 cm of plant height in Gramineae plants (S. bungeana, L. secalinus). For each plant species, more than 75% of the BGB was distributed in 0–10 cm soil depth, and 20% was distributed in 10–20 cm soil depth, while less than 5% was distributed in 20–40 cm soil depth. Further, AGB and BGB were highly affected by environmental driving factors (soil properties, plant traits, topographic properties), which were identified by the structural equation model (SEM) and the generalized additive models (GAMs). In addition, AGB was directly affected by plant traits, and BGB was directly affected by soil properties, and soil properties associated with plant traits that affected AGB and BGB through interactive effects were 9.12% and 3.59%, respectively. However, topographic properties had a weak influence on ABG and BGB (as revealed by the lowest total pathway effect). Besides, soil organic carbon (SOC), soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and plant height had a higher relative contribution to AGB and BGB. Our results indicate that environmental driving factors affect plant biomass in natural grassland in the Loess Plateau.     

Fine root distribution in a young loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stand: Effects of preplant phosphorus fertilization

The effects of preplant phosphorus fertilization on fine root (2 mm) distribution were examined in an 11-year-old stand of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) located on the lower Coastal Plain of North Carolina. Root auger cores were collected from the planting bed and interbed areas from two depths (0–10 and 10–20 cm) from fertilized (45 kg P ha^–1 at time of planting) and nonfertilized plots. Root samples were collected and aboveground growth measured during the 11th year after fertilization. Despite significant increases in aboveground volume and biomass due to fertilization, fine root biomass was unaffected. No differences in rooting density (root length per volume of soil) due to phosphorus additions were detected. However, the ratio of fine root biomass to aboveground (shoot) biomass (R:S) was significantly smaller on plots receiving phosphorus fertilization.operated by Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., under Contract No. DE-AC05-840 R21400 with the U.S. Department of Energy     

不同干扰对黄土区典型草原物种多样性和生物量的影响

对黄土区典型草原进行封育+施肥(EF)、封育+火烧(EB)、封育(E)和放牧(G)处理,实地调查分析群落盖度、高度、密度、地上现存量和物种多样性,以研究不同干扰对黄土区典型草原群落物种多样性和生物量的影响.结果表明:在4种干扰类型中,施肥+封育草地群落盖度和地上生物量最高,且优势度指数最高,这与禾本科草占优势地位有关,群落均匀度指数和多样性指数最低,符合“生态位理论”;放牧地群落高度、盖度、密度和地上现存量最低,群落丰富度指数和多样性指数最高,支持“中度干扰理论”;封育地密度和均匀度指数最高;具体表现为:4种干扰类型地上生物量的变化趋势为封育+施肥＞封育+火烧＞封育＞放牧;说明长时间的封育对草地是一种严重干扰.群落丰富度指数(R和Ma)的排列顺序为放牧＞封育+施肥＞封育+火烧＞封育,群落物种多样性指数(H'和D)的排列顺序为放牧＞封育＞封育+火烧＞封育+施肥,优势度指数与多样性指数相反,群落均匀度指数(Jsw和Ea)的排列顺序为封育＞放牧＞封育+火烧＞封育+施肥.不同干扰样地群落生产力与Shannon-Wiener和Simpson 多样性指数间呈负相关关系,这个结论可以用地上/地下竞争的相互作用来解释.     

黄土丘陵区氮磷添加对草地群落优势种养分利用特征的影响

为阐明黄土丘陵区氮磷添加对草地群落优势种养分利用特征的影响,探究群落结构和物种多样性的变化机制,选取5个典型优势种,即白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum)、长芒草(Stipa bungeana)、达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza davurica)、铁杆蒿(Artemisia sacrorum)和猪毛蒿(Artemisia scoparia)为研究对象,采用裂区试验设计,以氮添加为主区处理, 包括:0(N0)、25(N25)、50(N50) 和100(N100) kg N hm^-2 a^-1;以磷添加为副区处理,包括:0(P0),20(P20),40(P40) 和80(P80) kg P₂O₅ hm^-2 a^-1,测定了各物种叶片氮磷比、氮磷重吸收效率、氮磷利用效率和相对生物量等参数。5种植物的氮和磷重吸收效率正相关,对氮磷添加量的响应具有耦合性。不同氮磷添加处理下,达乌里胡枝子叶片氮磷比最高,而氮磷重吸收效率最低;白羊草和长芒草的氮磷利用效率和重吸收效率高于其他物种。单施磷或N25与磷配施下,各物种相对生物量与氮磷比和磷利用效率呈正相关关系,与氮利用效率和氮磷重吸收效率呈负相关关系。单施氮、N50和N100与磷配施下,各物种相对生物量与氮磷利用效率和重吸收效率呈正相关,与氮磷比呈负相关。不施肥处理下,白羊草和长芒草相对生物量最高,低氮高磷下达乌里胡枝子相对生物量最高,高氮高磷下铁杆蒿和猪毛蒿相对生物量最高。不同优势种对氮磷添加的响应不同,生理生态过程各异,决定了其在群落中的优势度,这是氮磷添加后草地群落结构和物种多样性发生变化的关键机制。     

青藏高原高寒草甸植物群落生物量对氮、磷添加的响应

青藏高原正经历着明显的温暖化过程, 由此引起的土壤温度的升高促进了土壤中微生物的活性, 同时青藏高原东缘地区大气氮沉降十分明显, 并呈逐年增加的趋势, 这些环境变化均促使土壤中可利用营养元素增加, 因此深入了解青藏高原高寒草甸植物生物量对可利用营养元素增加的响应, 是准确预测未来全球变化背景下青藏高原高寒草甸碳循环过程的重要基础。该研究基于在青藏高原高寒草甸连续4年(2009-2012年)氮、磷添加后对不同功能群植物地上生物量、群落地上和地下生物量的测定, 探讨高寒草甸生态系统碳输入对氮、磷添加的响应。结果表明: (1)氮、磷添加均极显著增加了禾草的地上绝对生物量及其在群落总生物量中所占的比例, 同时均显著降低了杂类草在群落总生物量中的比例, 此外磷添加极显著降低了莎草地上绝对生物量及其在群落总生物量中所占的比例。(2)氮、磷添加均显著促进了青藏高原高寒草甸的地上生物量增加, 分别增加了24%和52%。(3)氮添加对高寒草甸地下生物量无显著影响, 而磷添加后地下生物量有增加的趋势。(4)氮添加对高寒草甸植物总生物量无显著影响, 而磷添加后植物总生物量显著增加。研究表明, 氮、磷添加可缓解青藏高原高寒草甸植物生长的营养限制, 促进植物地上部分的生长, 然而高寒草甸植物的生长极有可能更受土壤中可利用磷含量的限制。     

黄土区不同恢复年限草地群落生物量及根冠比对氮添加的响应

大气氮沉降增加作为全球变化的主要环境问题之一,已引发人们的广泛关注,持续的氮沉降对草地生态系统的组成、结构和功能产生重要影响。为深入了解草地恢复进程中群落生物量和根冠比对氮沉降的响应,以黄土区3个不同恢复年限（初期12a、中期28a和后期37a）的天然草地为研究对象,通过设置6个氮添加水平,CK （0）、N1（2.34g m^-2a^-1）、N2（4.67g m^-2a^-1）、N3（9.34g m^-2a^-1）、N4（18.68g m^-2a^-1）、N5（37.35g m^-2a^-1）来测定草地群落地上生物量、地下生物量和总生物量,并计算根冠比和氮响应效率（NRE）。结果表明：（1）地上生物量在恢复中期最大,随氮添加梯度增加,地上生物量在恢复初期和恢复后期呈不显著上升趋势,对氮添加表现为非线性的正响应（ΔNRE>0）,在恢复中期呈不显著下降趋势,对氮添加表现为非线性的负响应（ΔNRE<0）。（2）群落地下生物量对氮添加无显著响应,总生物量只有在恢复后期的N4添加水平下,与对照存在显著差异。（3）根冠比在恢复初期时,N3添加水平下显著高于对照和其他氮添加水平,其余恢复年限对氮添加无显著响应。综上所述,通过分析比较黄土区不同恢复年限草地群落的地上、地下及总生物量和根冠比对氮添加的响应。建议对该区域开展试点实验,实行适应性草地管理,如进行两年一次刈割或轻度放牧（2只羊/hm²）,来探寻更科学有效的管理措施,使草地实现系统性恢复,进而满足生态系统容量和社会需求的变化。     

Micro-scale spatial heterogeneity and the loss of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus in degraded grassland in Ordos Plateau,northwestern China

The micro-scale spatial distribution and loss of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus were examined in degraded grassland near Ordos, in the Mu Us Sand-land, northwestern China. Five communities that represented a series of successionally degraded stages in desertification were chosen for the work. The dominant plant of Community 1 was the steppe grass Stipa bungeana; Community 2 was dominated by a mix of S. bungeana and the shrub Artemisia ordosia; Community 3 was A. ordosia; Community 4 was a mix of A. ordosia and the desert grass Cynanchum komorovii; and Community 5 was C. komorovii. The soils in root-spheres and in the bare openings between plants in five successionally degraded plant communities were analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), inorganic nitrogen (IN), total phosphorus (TP), and available phosphorus (AP). The results showed that the heterogeneity process of the soil chemistry was characterized first by TOC heterogeneity and later by TN heterogeneity. The heterogeneity process of TP was only characterized in the community 3. No significant heterogeneity was present for AP in the five community stages. At the beginning of degradation, invasion by the shrub A. ordosia of S. bungeana grassland was found to lead to competition for soil elements between S. bungeana and A. ordosia and made the Community 2 soil environment temporarily homogeneous. In Community 3, however, the soil elements became spatially heterogeneous, and this led to the development of `islands of fertility'. The concentrations of soil elements (TOC, TN and IN) were greatest in the shrub root-spheres. With further desertification (from Community 4 to Community 5), the islands of fertility began to collapse, and the concentrations of the main soil elements declined rapidly. The dynamics of soil phosphorus under progressive desertification were different from those of the other soil elements. TP decreased from form Community 1 to Community 5, while the AP concentration did not change in mid-level desertification (Community 3), but increased with serious desertification (Community 5).     

地上竞争对林下红松生物量分配的影响

采用整株收获法研究林下红松地上、地下生物量分配特征及地上竞争对其生物量分配和生物量相对生长的影响。结果表明,(1)将整个树冠划分为等长的上、中、下三层,活枝生物量从上层到下层逐渐增加,而针叶生物量主要集中在树冠中下层且在中下层的分布无显著差异(P>0.05),随着地下生物量逐渐增加,小细根(<2 mm)、粗细根(2-5 mm)的比例逐渐减小,而粗根(>5 mm)所占比例逐渐增大;(2)地上竞争强度与胸径、树高呈显著指数相关(P<0.001),随着竞争强度增大,胸径和树高均逐渐减小,树高胸径比与竞争强度呈显著线性相关(P<0.05),而树冠比率与竞争强度之间无显著相关性(P>0.05);(3)随着竞争强度增大,树干生物量占整株生物量的相对比例逐渐减小,而细根(小细根和粗细根)生物量相对比例逐渐增大,活枝、针叶及粗根生物量相对比例与竞争强度相关性并不显著(P>0.05);(4)红松根冠比均值为0.15且根冠比并不受地上竞争的影响,茎叶比与竞争强度的相关性亦不显著(P>0.05);(5)地上竞争显著影响红松地上各器官生物量的相对生长,且竞争强度与生物量呈显著负相关(P<0.001)。     

半干旱草地长期封育进程中针茅植物根系格局变化特征

以云雾山不同封育年限草地针茅植物根系和土壤为研究对象,对其根系特征、土壤特性及两者关系进行研究,以探讨分析封育对针茅根系格局的影响。结果表明:(1)针茅植物根系生物量、根长密度、根表面积和根体积在封育初期轻微下降,之后缓慢上升,并在封育30 a草地得到显著增加。(2)随封育年限增加,各根系指标在3种针茅物种间的组成格局具有类似变化规律,具体表现为:长芒草在放牧草地所占比例最高,之后逐渐降低,并在封育30 a草地消失;大针茅所占比例呈先升后降变化规律,并在封育22 a草地达到最大值;甘青针茅仅出现于封育30 a草地,且占据优势地位。(3)大针茅和甘青针茅0—0.6 mm径级根系比例高于大针茅,使其根系直径显著低于大针茅,比根长和比根面积显著高于大针茅;此外,长芒草根组织密度显著高于长芒草和甘青针茅。(4)长期封育在显著提高土壤水分、养分含量和土壤氮磷比的同时显著降低土壤碳氮比,但对微生物生物量碳、氮无明显影响。(5)针茅根系特征与土壤指标的关联性分析显示针茅根系受土壤氮资源的显著影响。     

Aboveground,belowground biomass and nutrients pool in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salicornia brachiata</Emphasis> at coastal area of India: interactive effects of soil characteristics

The present study determined the plant biomass (aboveground and belowground) of Salicornia brachiata from six different salt marshes distributed in Indian coastal area over one growing season (September 2014–May 2015). The nutrients concentration and their pools were estimated in plant as well as soil. Belowground biomass in S. brachiata was usually lower than the aboveground biomass. Averaged over different locations, highest biomass was observed in the month of March (2.1 t ha^?1) followed by May (1.64 t ha^?1), February (1.60 t ha^?1), November (0.82 t ha^?1) and September (0.05 t ha^?1). The averaged aboveground to belowground ratio was 12.0. Aboveground and belowground biomass were negatively correlated with pH of soil, while positively with soil electrical conductivity. Further, there were positive relationships between organic carbon and belowground biomass; and available sodium and aboveground biomass. The nutrient pools in aboveground were always higher than to belowground biomass. Aboveground pools of carbon (543 kg ha^?1), nitrogen (48 kg ha^?1), phosphorus (4 kg ha^?1), sodium (334 kg ha^?1) and potassium (37 kg ha^?1) were maximum in the month of March 2015. Bioaccumulation and translocation factors for sodium of S. brachiata were more than one showing tolerance to salinity and capability of phytoremediation for the saline soil.     

重金属Pb(Ⅱ)对3种藜科植物种子萌发的影响

以珍珠猪毛菜（Salsola passerina Bunge）、地肤（Kochia scoparia(L.)Schrad.）和白藜（Chenopodium album L.）3种藜科植物为研究对象,研究不同浓度（0、50、150、300、600、800、1 000 mg·L^-1）的Pb(Ⅱ)处理对植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：当Pb(Ⅱ)浓度为50和150 mg·L^-1时,珍珠猪毛菜和地肤种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数与对照相比差异不显著,Pb(Ⅱ)浓度为150 mg·L^-1时,对白藜种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数有明显影响,Pb(Ⅱ)浓度大于300 mg·L^-1对3种植物种子萌发均有抑制作用,对白藜和地肤的抑制大于珍珠猪毛菜。3种植物的种子活力指数除珍珠猪毛菜在50 mg·L^-1时与对照无显著差异,其余各处理均与对照有极显著差异。Pb(Ⅱ)浓度为50 mg·L^-1时,对3种植物的胚根长和胚芽长都影响不大,随着Pb(Ⅱ)浓度的升高,对3种植物的胚根长和胚芽长都有明显的抑制作用,对地肤和白藜的抑制强度更大。地肤和白藜幼苗分别在Pb(Ⅱ)浓度为300和600 mg·L^-1时死亡,当Pb(Ⅱ)浓度达到1 000 mg·L^-1时,珍珠猪毛菜仍可生长,但生长比较缓慢。3种植物幼苗对Pb(Ⅱ)的耐受性为：珍珠猪毛菜＞白藜＞地肤。     

中国旱区样带尺度植物多样性和生产力与环境因子的关系

旱区植物多样性、生产力与环境因子的关系是旱区生态学研究的重要课题,对于揭示该地区植被的环境适应机制有重要的参考价值。基于中国旱区东西样带的系统采样和原位调查,定量分析了各影响因素对旱区植物多样性和生产力变化的解释作用,阐明了旱区群落生产力的调控机制。结果表明：(1)旱区群落性状加权值与地上生物量间的关系(R²=0.46)相较于Shannon-Wiener指数与地上生物量的关系(R²=0.21)更为紧密。(2)旱区群落Shannon-Wiener指数、群落性状加权值、地上生物量与年均降水量、土壤有机碳含量、土壤总氮含量线性正相关,与土壤总磷含量无显著相关性;Shannon-Wiener指数、群落性状加权值与年均气温线性负相关,地上生物量与年均气温无显著相关性。(3)年均降水量对旱区群落性状加权值的解释率为40.9%,两者为正相关关系;年均气温对Shannon-Wiener指数的解释率为28.3%,两者为负相关关系。(4)群落性状加权值对地上生物量的直接路径显著,年均降雨量、年均气温和土壤有机碳通过群落性状加权值间接影响地上生物量。     

鄱阳湖湿地灰化苔草生长季氮磷含量与储量的变化

湿地植物在营养元素生物地球化学循环过程中起着重要作用,研究植物氮磷元素的吸收、分配和积累特征对于正确理解氮磷循环关键过程及其生态作用具有重要意义。基于野外实地观测和室内实验分析,研究了鄱阳湖淡水湿地灰化苔草春草生长季内不同部位生物量、氮磷含量及氮磷储量的动态变化。结果表明:在生长季内,灰化苔草各部位生物量随时间推移而增加,地上部分生物量在各生长期均高于地下部分,地下部分生物量积累速率相对稳定,而地上部分和总体平均积累速率表现为生长前期高于生长后期;各部位氮磷含量经历了先减少再增加的变化过程,其中地上部分氮元素在灰化苔草生长的中后期显著高于地下部分,而磷元素在中前期两者差异更为显著;生物量与氮磷储量均呈显著正相关,是灰化苔草氮磷储量动态变化的主导因子,氮磷元素主要储存在灰化苔草的地上部分;研究期间灰化苔草平均氮磷比介于3.32—3.83之间,按营养限制理论进行判断,氮元素可能是灰化苔草生长的限制性营养因子。     

遮荫对撂荒地草本群落生物量分配和养分积累的影响

城市化进程导致农村出现大量的撂荒地,了解撂荒地不同利用方式下的植物群落动态可为撂荒地利用与管理提供重要的基础数据。撂荒地栽植与没有栽植林木是否影响林下草本群落的生物量分配与养分积累仍有待于研究。采用50%—95%遮荫网处理,模拟林下光环境对撂荒地草本群落生物量分配和养分积累特征的影响。结果表明:随着遮荫强度增加,群落总生物量著降低。遮荫处理显著降低了地上生物量及其分配比例,而对根部生物量的影响不显著,却显著提高了根部生物量的分配比例。光照强度与总生物量和地上生物量呈极显著正相关。遮荫处理显著降低了群落地上部分C含量,显著提高了P、K含量,对N含量影响不显著;遮荫处理也显著提高了根部C、N、P含量,但对K含量的影响不显著。随遮荫强度增加,地上部分C、N、P、K的分配比例显著降低,根部C、N、P、K的分配比例显著提高。相关分析表明,光照强度仅与地上部分N含量、根部C、N、P含量极显著相关。遮荫处理显著降低了地上部分C∶N、C∶P和地下部分的C∶N,但对地下部分N∶P、C∶P影响不显著。可见,遮荫将影响撂荒地草本植物群落地上部分生物量和养分积累,而根部对光照强度改变的响应不敏感。     

Carbon and nitrogen partitioning in the freshwater submerged macrophyte <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vallisneria gigantea</Emphasis> in response to ultraviolet-B irradiance

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) exposures (0.55 and 1.1 W m⁻²) on the distributional variations of plant carbon and nitrogen content in both below- and aboveground parts in Vallisneria gigantea Graebner in laboratory conditions for a 3-month period. Plant biomass, total organic nitrogen, total organic carbon, lignin, water soluble carbohydrates and chlorophyll a and b were analysed and compared using repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) between UV-B-exposed and nonexposed treatments. A significant reduction (F _{(2, 15)} = 754.5, P < 0.001) was observed in leaf chlorophyll a concentrations at UV-B exposure levels. In the high UV-B irradiation group, a significant decrease (50.3%) was observed compared with the initial aboveground biomass. The total organic nitrogen content at both high and low UV-B exposure levels declined significantly by 25.6% and 24.3%, respectively, in aboveground samples, while significant increases of 39.6% and 40%, respectively, were observed in belowground tissues, compared with non-UV-B treatment groups. The partitioning of total organic carbon in the aboveground tissues was reflected by significant increase in lignin and water soluble carbohydrates in aboveground tissues under UV-B stress. However, total organic nitrogen demonstrated greater partitioning into the belowground tissues of V. gigantea. This study highlights the defense mechanisms of V. gigantea through changes in the percentage composition of carbon and nitrogen compounds with negative effects on nutrient regeneration, which can be accelerated in a system exposed to UV-B irradiation at or above biologically effective levels.