基于岗位对接和任务驱动的高职课程“食品微生物检测技术”的改革实践

基于职业岗位和典型工作任务进行高职课程"食品微生物检测技术"改革探索,分别对课程的教学目标、教学内容、教学实施和教学评价方法进行改革,教学实践证明此课改模式能有效激发学生学习兴趣,提高学生综合素质,培养的学生能适应工作岗位需求,取得了较好的教学效果。     

食品微生物实验课程的探索

食品微生物实验课是吉林工商学院食品及食品检测类专业的一门必修课程。为提高其教学效果和教学质量,提出以培养学生的动手能力为出发点,对实验教学内容、实验教学方式、实验教学管理以及考核方式等方面的改革进行了探索与尝试。尝试建立一套适合吉林工商学院食品专业、食品安全与检测专业本科生的微生物实验课程的创新教学体系。     

食品微生物学教学初探

食品微生物学在理论上属于微生物学范畴,但它又是一fi广泛地涉及生物学领域和食品工程学范畴的理论与实际密切联系的应用科学,尊重研究与食品有关的微生物的生命活动规律和生物学特性。食品微生物学是食品工程专业的主干课程之一,对食品加工和食品的质量控制起着十分关键的作用。因此,如何搞好食品微生物学的教学,为国家输送合格的从事食品工程研究和生产的技术人才是值得探讨的问题。本文拟就食品微生物学理论和实验的教学进行初步探讨,以期对微生物的教学改革起到抛砖引玉的作用。1培养学生对食品微生物学的兴趣兴趣是学习的最佳动…     

食品微生物学检验实验操作

食品微生物不但影响着食物的质量、口感,还关系着食品安全。一般情况下包括食品的微生物发酵(如蒸馒头)和食品中微生物的检验(如菌落种数、治病微生物检验等)。对于食品微生物的检验是不容忽视,必须有一种严谨、认真、细心的检验心态,微生物学检验实验亦应如此。做好微生物微观领域的研究,为人类提供更营养、更安全的食品。这就是食品微生物研究的目的,也是食品微生物检验的重点。本文通过对食品微生物检验实验的若干实验的总结,阐述了如何做好食品微生物的检验试验。     

基于岗位胜任力为导向的“食品微生物学检验”教学改革探索与实践

为提高学生的综合素质,适应快速发展的食品微生物检验行业和不断变化的食品微生物检验标准,我校开展了以岗位胜任力为导向的“食品微生物学检验”课程改革,从课程目标、课程内容、教学方法和考核方式4个方面开展教学改革,除了培养学生获得以专业知识和技能为主的显性胜任力外,还注重发展和提升学生的自主学习能力、解决实际问题能力,以及实事求是、吃苦耐劳等隐性胜任力。通过3年的教学实践,证实基于岗位胜任力的“食品微生物学检验”教学改革可以有效提高学生专业素养、综合素质和岗位胜任力,为食品质量与安全专业教学改革提供借鉴。     

本科院校食品微生物学检验课程教学模式研究与实践

食品微生物学检验课程讲授食品中有害微生物及其产物的检测方法,用于研究食品的预防性和生产性的卫生监督,产品质量鉴定与安全性控制。为使食品专业学生更好地学到该课程的知识和技能,教学团队在多年教学实践中不断探索,针对教学过程中存在的问题,对本科院校食品微生物学检验课程中教学内容和教学方法,进行了教学模式的研究与探讨。     

食品工程类专业微生物学教学改革与实践

《微生物学》是食品科学类专业重要的专业基础课,课程组结合学校粮油食品学科传统特色专业,对食品微生物学教学内容、多媒体课件运用及实验教学等进行了改革。结果显示,改革后的课程教学组织方式有利于加强学生对理论知识的理解和应用,有利于提高学生的动手能力、创新能力和科学思维能力。     

跨学科协同教学与WIKI系统融合的教育模式探索—以“食品微生物检验学”课程为例

跨学科综合课程改革、综合实践能力的培养成为当今高等教育改革的热点之一。为提升食品微生物检验学专业人才能力,培养行业发展需要的有竞争力的人才,以跨学科协同教学与维基(WIKI)网站系统相融合的教学方式对"食品微生物检验学"课程进行教学改革和教学新模式探索。通过对2014学年对照组和2015学年实验组学生教学效果SPSS统计分析发现,2015学年学生的平均成绩高于2014年学生平均成绩,且均具有显著性差异,82.8%的学生认为新的教学模式对个人专业能力提升有作用。实践证明,该教学新模式在加强学生基础知识掌握、拓展专业知识延伸、提升学生批判思维能力和信息分析素养等方面取得显著成效,可实现培养符合社会发展的专业知识水平与综合能力素质双优的专业人才,为专业课程教学改革提供了一个良好的教育新模式。     

改革微生物学实验教学 培养学生创新能力

对微生物学实验课程体系的教学内容、教学条件和手段、考核方法进行了改革和探索,创建适合于培养我校不同专业学生的微生物实验教学体系,从而提高学生动手能力,培养学生创新能力。     

基于专业人才能力提升的食品微生物检验学CDIO教学模式创新

为提升食品微生物检验学专业人才能力,培养行业发展需要的有竞争力的人才,以构思-设计-实施-操作(Conceive-Design-Implement-Operate,CDIO)教育理念为核心,对食品微生物检验学课程进行教学模式创新研究。结合行业实际需求以及高等教育人才培养目标,对食品微生物检验学教学理念思路转变、教学模式方法革新、实践教学引进科研项目、教学基地融入实践过程等方面进行了教学改革,并对考核评估体系进行了模式创新。实践证明,食品微生物检验学教学改革和考核模式创新收到了良好的教育效果,培养了符合社会发展的专业知识水平与综合能力素质双优的专业人才。以期为同行提供有效的专业改革理念,给同类高等教育工程技术人才培养和专业教学改革提供借鉴。     

生物芯片技术在食品检测中的应用

生物芯片检测技术是一种全新的微量分析技术。生物芯片基本技术包括方阵构建、样品制备、化学反应和结果检测 ;生物芯片技术在食品微生物领域、食品毒理学、营养学、转基因产品检测中均有应用     

基因芯片在食品检测中的应用

基因芯片技术是近十几年来生命科学领域的一大发展,其应用越来越广泛。就该技术在转基因食品、食品中的微生物、食品原料、食品中营养成分检测中的应用做一全面的回顾,因其快速、准确、高通量的特点,今后必将成为食品检测的主要方法,促进食品检测的发展,提高食品的安全性,保证人类的健康。     

免疫金渗滤试验检测食品中沙门氏菌的研究

分别用抗沙门氏菌多价抗体和葡萄球菌A蛋白包被胶体金制备探针,采用免疫渗滤法可检出85%的引起食物中毒的沙门氏菌,灵敏度为2.4×107cfu/ml.对最常见的鼠伤寒、猪霍乱和肠炎沙门氏菌,检出率达100%.人工染菌的食品样品经简单处理,即可用于检测.该方法简单快速,适合现场检测之用.     

食品微生物快速检测技术研究进展

本研究概述了食品微生物引起的食源性疾病及对人类的危害;介绍了国内外9种食源性微生物快速检测技术的研究现状,指出电喷雾离子化多级质谱对氨基糖苷类抗生素的检测分析技术、分析即用型纸片技术、免疫分析检测技术、分子生物检测技术、阻抗技术以及其他新物理、生化技术检测方法,传统的检测的灵敏度和专一性有一定提高,但操作繁琐;现在发展的分子生物学方法为食品中快速、灵敏的病毒检测带来了更多的希望,各种快速检测方法还只是实践中的一个参考.其今后的发展方向主要是:克服现有分子生物学方法的缺点,绘制各种菌落图谱,开发在线检测软件,能定量测定微生物细胞特征和性能,简化采集、培养等程序,提高检测效率.     

Online optical detection of food contaminants in microdroplets

To accommodate the considerable increase of disease based on microbial food contaminants in the last decade, a modulated, fast optical fluorescence detection combined with microdevices is created. This method, which consists of five different steps, first selects contaminants, mainly bacteria, in the food matrix. This process is based on a biomagnetic separation technique developed by our collaborators at the Technical University of Dresden. By the steps of binding antibody functionalized magnetic beads and fluorescent capsules on the target cell, a magnetic bead‐target cell‐microcapsule complex (MTM) is generated. The well‐established pipe‐based bioreactors (pbb) platform enables the generation of droplets with a volume between 60 and 160 nL and the detection of the target cell with an integrated microscopic and spectroscopic detection system. The module used for generating droplets is based on the segmented flow principle and is chip‐ or probe‐based. In this context, the successful use of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a cost‐effective alternative to the well‐established glass‐chips is introduced. To quantify the detection based on a yes‐ or no‐decision, the most important step is to separate one MTM‐complex per droplet. This equalized the quantity of the fluorescent signals with the quantity of the contaminants in the cell sample. The feasibility of microscopic and spectroscopic detection with only one fluorescent capsule per droplet is shown. Also the first results of a special prototyping optical detection set‐up that is already in an advanced stage of development, will be presented. This easy‐to‐use device implemented a software‐controlled, automatic documentation for every fluorescent signal of a droplet to guarantee the quality control. Here are the advantages of an integration of microdevices in a rapid detection of food pathogens presented. Obviously, the modular set‐up of this detection platform enables a wide range of high‐throughput applications.     

Automatic food intake detection based on swallowing sounds

This paper presents a novel fully automatic food intake detection methodology, an important step toward objective monitoring of ingestive behavior. The aim of such monitoring is to improve our understanding of eating behaviors associated with obesity and eating disorders. The proposed methodology consists of two stages. First, acoustic detection of swallowing instances based on mel-scale Fourier spectrum features and classification using support vector machines is performed. Principal component analysis and a smoothing algorithm are used to improve swallowing detection accuracy. Second, the frequency of swallowing is used as a predictor for detection of food intake episodes. The proposed methodology was tested on data collected from 12 subjects with various degrees of adiposity. Average accuracies of >80% and >75% were obtained for intra-subject and inter-subject models correspondingly with a temporal resolution of 30 s. Results obtained on 44.1 h of data with a total of 7305 swallows show that detection accuracies are comparable for obese and lean subjects. They also suggest feasibility of food intake detection based on swallowing sounds and potential of the proposed methodology for automatic monitoring of ingestive behavior. Based on a wearable non-invasive acoustic sensor the proposed methodology may potentially be used in free-living conditions.     

食品中克罗诺杆菌属双重PCR检测试剂盒的评价

【背景】在食品安全领域,克罗诺杆菌属于需要重点监测的致病菌,当前随着分子检测相关技术的不断发展,研制有关食品中克罗诺杆菌简便、高效的检测产品至关重要。【目的】研制克罗诺杆菌检测的双重PCR检测试剂盒并评价其用于食品中克罗诺杆菌检测的实效性。【方法】优化双重PCR反应体系,反应试剂采用冻干工艺,确立了试剂盒组成,并评价其特异性、灵敏度、重复性、保质期等性能指标。【结果】克罗诺杆菌标准菌株和分离菌株均在目标位置出现两条明显条带,非克罗诺杆菌标准菌株和分离菌株均检测为阴性,纯基因组DNA检测灵敏度为2.3×10-1 ng/μL,纯培养菌检验限为3.2×104CFU/mL;对65份食品样品进行克罗诺杆菌检测,该试剂盒检测结果与标准方法检测结果一致性较高;批内、批间检测重复率均为100%,可在42°C环境放置120 h且其检测效力不受影响,4°C保质期可长达12个月。【结论】该试剂盒性能好,检测结果稳定、可靠,适用于食品中克罗诺杆菌的快速检测。     

Diagnostic real-time PCR for detection of Salmonella in food

A robust 5' nuclease (TaqMan) real-time PCR was developed and validated in-house for the specific detection of Salmonella in food. The assay used specifically designed primers and a probe target within the ttrRSBCA locus, which is located near the Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 at centisome 30.5. It is required for tetrathionate respiration in Salmonella. The assay correctly identified all 110 Salmonella strains and 87 non-Salmonella strains tested. An internal amplification control, which is coamplified with the same primers as the Salmonella DNA, was also included in the assay. The detection probabilities were 70% when a Salmonella cell suspension containing 10(3) CFU/ml was used as a template in the PCR (5 CFU per reaction) and 100% when a suspension of 10(4) CFU/ml was used. A pre-PCR sample preparation protocol including a preenrichment step in buffered peptone water followed by DNA extraction-purification was applied when 110 various food samples (chicken rinses, minced meat, fish, and raw milk) were investigated for Salmonella. The diagnostic accuracy was shown to be 100% compared to the traditional culture method. The overall analysis time of the PCR method was approximately 24 h, in contrast to 4 to 5 days of analysis time for the traditional culture method. This methodology can contribute to meeting the increasing demand of quality assurance laboratories for standard diagnostic methods. Studies are planned to assess the interlaboratory performance of this diagnostic PCR method.     

Rapid combined assay for Salmonella detection in food samples

A rapid method was developed to detect salmonellae in food samples. The method gave a possibility to obtain results after 28 h 30 min. The preenrichment in buffered peptone water lasted for 6 h, the enrichment in Rappaport-Vassiliadis medium was applied for 18 h followed by PCR with INVA1-INVA2 primer pair, adapting Chiu and Ou's method. This procedure was suitable to demonstrate salmonella contamination at min. 10 cfu/25 g sample. Out of 18 samples there was a good agreement between the results of the conventional and rapid methods in case of 17 samples. PCR with SPVC1-SPVC2 primer pair informing about the presence of virulence plasmid was performed in separate tubes, because decreased sensitivity was observed in case of multiplex PCR.