截形叶螨对胡瓜钝绥螨的吸引作用

室内测定表明,截形叶螨不同螨态对胡瓜钝绥螨均有显著的吸引作用,均达到极显著水平,而胡瓜钝绥螨对截形叶螨的排泄物没有明显的反应。截形叶螨对胡瓜钝绥螨的这种吸引作用说明胡瓜钝绥螨具有自动搜索截形叶螨的能力,表明胡瓜钝绥螨可以用于截形叶螨的生物防治。     

山楂叶螨对胡瓜钝绥螨的吸引作用研究

采用两侧吸引作用试验测定天敌胡瓜钝绥螨Amblyseius cucumeris Oudemans在田间对山楂叶螨的搜索和控制能力。结果表明：山楂叶螨不同螨态对胡瓜钝绥螨均有显著的吸引作用,排泄物对胡瓜钝绥螨没有明显的吸引作用。山楂叶螨对胡瓜钝绥螨的这种吸引作用说明胡瓜钝绥螨在田间具有自动搜索山楂叶螨的能力,可用于山楂叶螨的生物防治。     

4种杀虫剂对胡瓜钝绥螨成螨的急性毒性

测定了4种常用杀虫剂针对目标害虫推荐使用浓度范围对天敌胡瓜钝绥螨Neoseiulus cucumeris成螨的毒力测定、综合急性毒性和二次中毒毒性.综合急性毒性和二次中毒毒性测定结果显示,毒死蜱Chlorphifos、灭幼脲Chlorbenzurin、吡虫啉Imidacloprid对胡瓜钝绥螨都具有极强的毒性,可造成毁灭性杀伤,苏云金杆菌Bt对胡瓜钝绥螨影响极小,无明显毒性.玻片浸渍法测定的不同杀虫剂对胡瓜钝绥螨的毒力大小依次为:毒死蜱Chlorphifos(乐斯本)＞灭幼脲Chlorbenzurin＞吡虫啉Imidacloprid＞苏云金杆菌Bt.     

几种常用杀菌剂对胡瓜钝绥螨的影响

采用3种不同的方法测定了5种常用杀菌剂对天敌胡瓜钝绥螨Neoseiulus cucumeris（Oudemans）的影响。结果表明5种杀菌剂中,86．2％铜大师可湿性粉剂8001200倍对胡瓜钝绥螨有较低的影响,喷雾法测定最高浓度800倍校正死亡率为15．00％,而让胡瓜钝绥螨取食经86．2％铜大师可湿性粉剂各浓度药液处理过的山楂叶螨Amphitetranychus viennensis（Zacher）均无二次中毒现象,80％代森锌可湿性粉剂、80％大生M-45可湿性粉剂、50％代森锰锌可湿性粉剂和50％普雅图可湿性粉剂在3种试验方法中各浓度对胡瓜钝绥螨死亡率均与清水对照相当,因此释放捕食螨生防园防治病害可选用对胡瓜钝绥螨影响小的80％代森锌可湿性粉剂800～1000倍、80％大生M-45可湿性粉剂500-600倍、50％代森锰锌可湿性粉剂600-800倍、86．2％铜大师可湿性粉剂12001500倍、50％普雅图可湿性粉剂800-1000倍。     

5种杀虫剂对胡瓜钝绥螨的影响

本文采用几种不同方法测定了5种常用杀虫剂对天敌胡瓜钝绥螨Neoseiulus cucumeris雌成蝤和若螨的影响。试验结果表明5种杀虫剂中1％甲胺基阿维菌素乳油在常规使用浓度范围内对胡瓜钝绥螨雌成螨和若螨的毒力都很低,释放胡瓜钝绥螨生防园可选用1％甲胺基阿维菌素乳油来防治鳞翅目害虫;5％虱螨脲（美除）乳油常规使用浓度对胡瓜钝绥螨雌成螨影响较小,但是对若螨的有一定的影响,释放捕食螨生防园尽量不使用5％虱螨脲（美除）乳油,必要时可选用低浓度进行挑治;1％苦参碱可溶性液剂在常规使用浓度范围内对胡瓜钝绥螨雌成螨和若螨毒力均较强,因此释放捕食螨生防园不宜使用;99％绿颖乳油和15％哒螨灵乳油在常规使用浓度范围内对胡瓜钝绥螨的毒性都极强,释放胡瓜钝绥螨生防园如果使用这2种农药会对天敌胡瓜钝绥螨造成毁灭性杀伤,因此在释放捕食螨生防园不可使用这2种杀虫剂。     

胡瓜钝绥螨对太平洋细须螨的捕食效能初步研究

胡瓜钝绥螨Amblyseius cucumeris Oudemans能捕食为害蝴蝶兰的害螨——太平洋细须螨Tenuipalpus pacificus Baker的卵、幼螨、若螨和成螨.室内研究了胡瓜钝绥螨雌成螨对太平洋细须螨卵、幼螨、若螨的捕食功能反应.结果表明,随着太平洋细须螨密度的增加,胡瓜钝绥螨雌成螨对太平洋细须...     

胡瓜钝绥螨对苹果全爪螨的生物防治效果

以生命表参数及天敌在室内和田间的应用效果来评价胡瓜钝绥螨对苹果全爪螨的控制效果.结果表明:胡瓜钝绥螨取食苹果全爪螨,能够完成发育历期并产卵,在(25±1)℃条件下一个世代仅需9.54d;其雌螨产卵期(24.85d)和寿命(38.52d)都比猎物的产卵期(15.93d)和寿命(34.79d)长,雌螨的平均产卵量仅为苹果全爪螨的56.1%;苹果全爪螨净增殖率(R0)和内禀增长率(rm)分别比胡瓜钝绥螨高103.9%和13.2%.室内释放情况下,无论益害比是1:30还是1:150,释放20d后防治效果均可达95%以上;在苹果示范园释放胡瓜钝绥螨,60d后防治效果达91.73%,比化防园高23.77%.表明胡瓜钝绥螨具有优良天敌的重要特征,在每叶苹果全爪螨低于2头时,果园释放胡瓜钝绥螨能有效控制苹果全爪螨的种群增长.     

土耳其斯坦叶螨自然种群生命表的研究

用分代隔离的方法,研究土耳其斯埋叶螨（Tetranychus turkestani Ugrov et Nikolsdi)6个世代的种种特定定年龄生命表。通过对其种群生命表的IPC指数分析得出：捕食性天敌和气候因子是影响土耳其斯坦叶螨种群数量消长的主要因素。天敌捕食和气候因子作用可分别使土耳其斯坦群种趋势指数降低17．9862和2．2793倍。     

土耳其斯坦叶螨的发育起点温度与有效积温

本文研究了土耳其斯坦叶螨 Tetranychus turkestani(Ugrou & Nikolski)在实验条件下的发育起点温度和有效积温。结果表明土耳其斯坦叶螨全世代发育起点温度和有效积温分别为雌螨10 .74 73℃和 16 4 .0 1日度 ,雄螨为 11.56 0 3℃和 113.2 9日度。在 15,2 0 ,2 5,30℃的恒温条件下 ,雌螨 1代平均历期分别为 35.15,19.0 5,11.0 4和 8.6 8天。     

土耳其斯坦叶螨的生物学特性及其综合防治

叙述新疆棉花上土耳其斯坦叶螨的危害、发生规律,传播、猖獗因素及综合防治技术。     

胡瓜钝绥螨捕食茶橙瘿螨的实验种群生命表及捕食作用初探

本在25℃条件下初步研究了胡瓜钝绥螨捕食茶橙瘿螨的实验种群生命表、各螨态取食量及猎物－－卵转化率。25℃时胡瓜钝绥螨的净增殖率R0＝21．7862,世代平均周期T＝16．1822,内禀增长率rm＝0．1904,周限增长率λ＝1．2097,种群倍增所需时间t＝3．6405。日平均产卵量2．19粒／天,总产卵量36－48粒／雌,平均38．97粒／雌。胡瓜钝绥螨雌螨－生取食量1978．49头。雄螨取食量879．56头。猎物：卵转化率为79．78头茶橙瘿螨：2．19粒胡瓜钝绥螨卵。     

Functional response of Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) on strawberry leaves

Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) is a predatory mite employed for biological control of the agricultural pest Tetranychus urticae (Koch). We explored whether environmental differences, in this case the trichome densities of abaxial leaf surfaces of strawberry cultivars (‘Maehyang’ and ‘Sulhyang’ varieties) affect the functional response of adult female N. californicus preying on immature stages (egg, larva and nymph) of T. urticae. We also evaluated the functional response of N. californicus to eggs of T. urticae at different temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C). We conducted a logistic regression of the proportion of prey consumed as a function of initial prey density to identify functional response types, and used nonlinear least‐squares regression and the random predator equation to estimate attack rates and handling times. The functional response of adult female N. californicus to T. urticae was not influenced by non‐glandular trichomes on abaxial leaves but was affected by temperature. Overall, adult female N. californicus exhibited a type 2 functional response to T. urticae. The handling time of N. californicus was highest (1.9970 h) against T. urticae nymphs. The attack rate did not change much at 15–30°C, but was significantly higher at 35°C. The handling time decreased significantly with increasing temperature at 15–35°C. At 35°C, the attack rate was highest (0.2087) and the handling time was lowest (0.9511 h).     

Automatic mass-rearing of Amblyseius womersleyi (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

Using incorporated devices, Tetranychus urticae spider mites were rinsed from hydroponically-grown lima bean plants, collected, separated and blow-dried. This yielded a reliable and large volume of eggs and larvae, which were fed to Amblyseius womersleyi rearings on 15×5cm² polyethylene arenas. Of several feeding regimes tested, daily feeding of 10mg T. urticae eggs and larvae resulted in the highest predator population levels. The best harvest period was between 15 and 27 days, when predator density exceeded 600 mites per arena. A preliminary automatic mass-rearing device was tested for A. womersleyi. This incorporated both rearing and harvesting procedures. A micro-feeder was developed to supply the required volume of spider mites and maize pollen (1:1 mixture) to the predators. A Bakelite rearing arena reduced the space requirements of a polyethylene arena, was more durable and an essential component in the automatic mass-rearing and harvesting. Mite harvesting is carried out through the use of a vacuum-head harvester. Supplements of (sterilized) spider mites, pollen, vermiculite and wheat bran are automatically added to the predators. The devices for harvesting, filling and packing are incorporated and synchronized and the entire system is controlled by a single slide-switch. The design and system can be expanded without changing the basic processes and program, for example to adopt it for other species of predaceous mites.     

西花蓟马、二斑叶螨与黄瓜新小绥螨的相互关系研究

西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis（Pergande）和二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae Koch是温室花卉与蔬菜上的重要害虫（螨）。植物常被两者同时危害。黄瓜新小绥螨Amblyseius cucumeris（Oudemans）是世界上广泛应用的温室蓟马的生物防治物,有时也被用来防治二斑叶螨。本研究中,在人工气候室盆栽条件下利用黄瓜新小绥螨防治西花蓟马和/或二斑叶螨。结果显示,当每豆株上接入10或20头二斑叶螨时,按照1∶4的益害比释放黄瓜新小绥螨可有效控制二斑叶螨。同样密度比的情况下,5和10头黄瓜新小绥螨的释放量可显著控制西花蓟马的接入量。二斑叶螨密度的增加没有显著影响到黄瓜新小绥螨对西花蓟马的控制作用。西花蓟马可捕食黄瓜新小绥螨的卵,日捕食量达1.2粒。本文对利用黄瓜新小绥螨防治温室中西花蓟马进行了讨论。     

Taxonomy and biological control: Neoseiulus cucumeris (Acari: Phytoseiidae), a case study

The predatory mite Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is an important biological control agent of thrips and other small pests worldwide. Yet, despite its economic importance, this species is poorly defined taxonomically and cannot be reliably separated from other species on the basis of morphology alone. Neoseiulus cucumeris has been reported from Australia, although considerable confusion exists as to whether the Australian material is actually N. cucumeris or a presumed endemic species, Neoseiulus bellinus (Womersley). A morphological investigation of N. bellinus and several geographical 'strains' of N. cucumeris demonstrated that: (i) N. bellinus is a distinct species, the males of which can be morphologically separated from those of N. cucumeris , using setal and cheliceral lengths and number of teeth on the fixed digit; and (ii) N. cucumeris , or a morphologically identical species, is present in Australia. Despite behavioural differences, there are no significant morphological differences between the 'strains' of N. cucumeris . Biosystematic research is a more reliable method of species separation, and such a method is suggested for future work with phytoseiid mites.     

Functional response of Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on tomato leaves

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is an important invasive pest of vegetables and other horticultural plants worldwide. In this study, the functional response of Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) to different stages of immature B. tabaci was evaluated under laboratory conditions. Predation experiments were conducted on tomato leaf discs (2.5?cm diameter) over a 24-h period at 26?±?1°C and 65?±?5% relative humidity with a L16:D8 photoperiod. The prey densities ranged from 5 to 90 immature stages (eggs and first- to fourth-instar nymphs) of B. tabaci per leaf disc. The results showed that the egg stage of B. tabaci was the most susceptible prey stage and that the mated female adult mite (3-day-old) was a more effective predator than the male adult mite. The functional response of adult N. cucumeris followed a Type II trend curve as shown in a logistic regression model. Adult N. cucumeris exhibited different predation tendencies towards prey in different stages of immaturity. The daily maximum number of eggs, first-, second- and third-instar nymphs of B. tabaci killed by a single female over a 24-h period (26?±?1°C, 65?±?5% RH and L16:D8 photoperiod) were 8.5, 5.2, 3.0 and 2.1, respectively, whereas the number killed by a single male was 6.0, 4.0, 2.3 and 1.8, respectively. The results of this study could help determine an effective B. tabaci biocontrol measure that employs a natural predator.     

Imidacloprid increases egg production in Amblyseius victoriensis (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

The chloronicotinyl insecticide, imidacloprid, recommended for aphid control in Australian stone fruit orchards, was examined for its impact on survival and egg production in Amblyseius victoriensis Womersley. Imidacloprid at the field rate (0.0053% a.i.) was non-toxic, but repellent to A. victoriensis in laboratory bioassays. Females treated with imidacloprid showed increased egg production, producing 1.9–2.0 eggs per day compared with 1.3–1.6 eggs per day for the untreated individuals. A population of A. victoriensis in an apricot orchard was significantly reduced for 4 weeks following the application of imidacloprid. However, the population recovered after 5–6 weeks and was significantly larger (more than twice) than that in the untreated section of the orchard during weeks 9–12. The imidacloprid-mediated enhancement of the fecundity and population development of A. victoriensis is discussed with respect to integration in existing biological control programmes in the Australian stone fruit. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Biological Control of Tetranychus Urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) With Naturally Occurring Predators in Strawberry Plantings in Valenica, Spain

Naturally occurring beneficials, such as the phytoseiid mite Amblyseius californicus McGregor and the insects Stethorus punctillum Weise, Conwentzia psociformis (Curtis) and others, controlled Tetranychus urticae Koch in 11 strawberry plots near Valencia, Spain, during 1989–1992. The population levels of spider mites in 17 subplots under biological control were low or moderate, usually below 3000 mite days and similar to seven subplots with chemical control. In most of the crops A. californicus was the main predator, acting either alone or together with other beneficials. Predaceous insects colonized the crop when tetranychids reached medium to high levels. For levels above one spider mite per leaflet, a ratio of one A. californicus per five to ten T. urticae resulted in a decline of the prey population in the following sample (1–2 weeks later). These results suggest that naturally occurring predators are able to control spider mites and maintain them below damaging levels in strawberry crops from the Valencia area.     

土耳其斯坦叶螨为害棉叶的生理变化及光谱特征分析

对土耳其斯坦叶螨Tetranychusturkestani(VgarovetNikolski)为害程度不同(0,1,2,3,4级)的棉叶进行光谱测试,并按螨害级数测定光谱测试后棉叶的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量。结果表明随着螨害的逐渐加重,棉叶的叶绿素含量逐渐下降,类胡萝卜素含量逐渐上升。光谱测试结果在可见光区,绿峰两侧波段的光谱反射率随螨害加重逐渐增大,差异明显;在近红外区,748~863nm波段的光谱反射率随螨害加重逐渐减小,差异极显著。同时,利用一阶微分求取不同螨害级数棉叶的红边并计算红边参数,通过分析发现,棉花受叶螨危害后单叶光谱的红边发生明显的蓝移现象,红边振幅、红边振幅与最小振幅的比值以及红边峰值面积的值随着螨害加重逐渐减小,结果认为红边能很好地反映棉叶受棉叶螨危害的程度。