Ascospores in the type species of the genus Torulopsis

It has been found that the type species, T. colliculosa, of the form genus Torulopsis constitutes a perfect state forming ascospores. It is proposed that the same “Torulopsis Lodder et Kreger-Van Rij” based on a new type, be conserved against the earlier homonym “Torulopsis Berlese” which is based on the type T. rosea.     

Torulopsis or Cryptococcus?

Summary Use of the generic name Cryptococcus Kützing should be avoided in yeast taxonomy, as it is both a nomen dubium and a nomen confusum. Dubium because it is at the least doubtful that the first Cryptococcus species described by Kützing (Cr. mollis) was a yeast (Kützing himself classified Cryptococcus among the Algae). Confusum because it has appeared from an examination of authentic herbarium material of Cr. mollis, that Kützing dit not deal with one, bur with a mixture of at least five organisms.The generic name Torulopsis Berlese, on the contrary, is a valid name for a group of asporogenous yeasts, since Berlese has purposely included, as appears from the diagnosis given, in his new genus Torulopsis the yeasts at that time brought to the genus Torula sensu Pasteur-Hansen.The objection which at first sight could be raised against the acceptance of the genus Torulopsis, namely that the first species described by Berlese: Torulopsis rosea, belongs to the present genus Rhodotorula Harrison is untenable, since this species certainly was not a yeast with a carotinoid pigment. All evidence available is in favour of the suggestion that Berlese's species was identical with Torulopsis pulcherrima (Lindner) Sacc.Herewith the validity of the generic name Torulopsis for the asporogenous, nonmycelium forming, colourless yeasts may be considered to be proved.A slightly amended diagnosis of the genus Torulopsis Berlese is given.     

Torulopsis anatomiae,a new yeast resistant against low concentrations of formalin

A yeast was isolated from the formalin tanks of the Anatomy Department of the University of Berne. In malt extract it grows in the presence of formaldehyde concentrations of up to 1.5 per cent (w/v). Apart from this property, it appears to be a new species of the genusTorulopsis Berlese.     

Description of Metagynella masani sp. n. from Kenya (Acari: Uropodina)

The third African Metagynella Berlese, 1919 species (Metagynella masani sp. n.) is described in this paper. Original drawing and scanning micrographs of the new species are given.     

Torulopsis wickerhamii nova species

Summary A new species of Torulopsis is described; it was isolated from some materials used for silage. This species is named Torulopsis wickerhamii nova species in honour of Prof. L. J. Wickerham of Northern Regional Research Laboratory at Peoria-Illinois-U.S.A.     

Mites of the familyMacrochelidae as predators of two species of dung-breeding pest flies

Nine species of macrochelid mites [Macrocheles “glaber” (Müller),M. aestivus Halliday,M. mammifer Berlese,M. peniculatus Berlese,M. robustulus (Berlese),M. merdarius (Berlese),M. peregrinus Krantz,M. eurygaster Krantz,Glyptholaspis confusa (Foà) were tested in the laboratory as predators of 2 species of dung-breeding pest flies (Musca vetustissima Walker,Haematobia irritans exigua de Meijere). The mites varied in their ability to attack the 2 fly species at both egg and larval stages. larger mites were generally more effective predators than the smaller species. The level of predation imposed byM. “glaber” onMusca vetustissima also varied with the developmental stage of both predator and prey.      

Genetic and Morphological Analysis of Some European Species of the “coriaceus group” of Carabodes (Acari, Oribatida, Carabodidae) and Description of C. tyrrhenicus sp. nov.

The oribatid mite Carabodes reticulatus Berlese, 1913 is redescribed from typical and topotypical material. A new species, C. tyrrhenicus, widespread in Sardinia and other Tyrrhenian islands, is also described on the basis of morphological evidence. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study intra- and inter-specific variation, in order to determine diagnostic characters. The morphology-based taxonomy was tested through allozyme analysis of the two species and of two closely related species, namely C. coriaceus C. L. Koch, 1836 and C. arduinii Valle, 1955. Allozyme data are largely congruent with morphological evidence, indicating that the four entities represent well-differentiated evolutionary lineages. Molecular results show large inter-specific genetic differentiation, suggesting that these taxa arose from ancient cladogenetic events.     

A new genus and species of oribatid mite, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cretaceobodes martinezae</Emphasis> gen. et sp. nov., from the lower cretaceous amber of San Just (Teruel Province,Spain) (Acariformes,Oribatida, Otocepheidae)

A new fossil genus and species of oribatid mite, Cretaceobodes martinezae gen. et sp. nov., belonging to the family Otocepheidae is described. The new species is preserved in a piece of amber from the San Just outcrop (Teruel Province, Spain), which is believed to be Albian in age. The new genus is compared with the extant genus Carabocepheus Berlese, 1910 and its relationships with the superfamilies Otocepheoidea and Carabodoidea are discussed. Carabocepheidae is regarded as a junior synonym of Otocepheidae. Ranking Carabocepheus lounsbury latior Balogh et Mahunka, 1966 as a separate species is proposed.     

Yeasts from U.S.A. soils

Summary Investigations of yeasts from 38 U.S.A. soils samples show the occurrence of 22 different species (16 sporogenous and 6 asporogenous).The most widespread species were Pichia fermentans and Hansenula anomala. The other isolated species were Saccharomyces ellipsoideus, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Pichia membranefaciens, Saccharomyces smittii, Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, Saccharomyces uvarum, Torulaspora rosei, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, Zygosaccharomyces n. sp., Hansenula saturnus, Hansenula californica, Hansenula n. sp., Hansenula suaveolens, Debaryomyces n. sp., Torulopsis glabrata, Torulopsis n. sp. Candida tropicalis, Candida robusta, Rhodotorula glutinis, Trichosporon cutaneum and Trichosporon cutaneum var. multisporus.     

Further studies on karyotypes and sex determination of phytoseiid mites (Acarina: Mesostigmata)

Chromosome studies were made on embryonic tissues of eggs of 15 species of predaceous mites of the family Phytoseiidae belonging to six genera: Amblyseius Berlese, Seiulus Berlese, Typhlodromus Scheuten, Phytoseiulus Evans, Phytoseius Ribaga and Paragigagnathus Amitai et Grinberg. In 14 species, the chromosome numbers n=4, 2n=8 were found. In cytological studies of post-embryonic stages based on these results, the haplo-diploid (arrhenotokous) mechanism was established. In the species Amblyseius deleoni Muma et Denmark, which was found to be thelytokous, only metaphases with 8 chromosomes were found.     

A NEW SPECIES OF GENUS CALKONELLA BERLESE FROM CHINA: (ACARI: CALIGONELLIDAE)*

Abstract The present paper deals with a new species of the genus Caligoneh Berlese: Caligonella tunxiensis sp. nov., The type specimens are collected in the litter of form from Auhui Province.     

Mites of family Macrochelidae (Acari: Gamasida) associated with dung beetles in Mt Merapi National Park,Jogyakarta, Java,Indonesia

Fourteen mite species in three genera of the family Macrochelidae were collected from the body surface of dung beetles (Scarabaeidae) in Mt Merapi National Park, Jogyakarta, Indonesia. Of these, three species, Macrocheles turgoensis n. sp., M. pumilus n. sp. and Glyptholaspis merapiensis n. sp., were described as new to science. The remaining 11 species were Glyptholaspis fimicola (Sellnick, 1931), Neopodocinum spinirostris (Berlese, 1910), M. dispar (Berlese, 1910), M. entetiensis Hartini and Takaku, 2005, M. hallidayi Walter and Krantz, 1986, M. jabarensis Hartini and Takaku, 2003, M. merdarius (Berlese, 1889), M. muscaedomesticae (Scopoli, 1772), M. oigru Walter and Krantz, 1986, M. sukaramiensis Takaku, 2001 and M. sp. aff. glaber (Müller, 1860).     

Systematics of the generaSaccharomyces,Schizosaccharomyces, Endomycopsis,Kluyveromyces, Schwanniomyces andBrettanomyces: Proton magnetic resonance spectra of the mannans and mannose-containing polysaccharides as an aid in classification

The proton magnetic resonance spectra of the mannans and mannose-containing polysaccharides of 71 species ofSaccharomyces,Schizosaccharomyces, Endomycopsis, Kluyveromyces, Brettanomyces,Nematospora andSchwanniomyces and of some apparently related species ofTorulopsis were determined, grouped according to similarities in the spectra, and compared with those of the mannose-containing polysaccharides of some other yeasts. The spectra of the mannans produced bySaccharomyces, Kluyveromyces, Nematospora, Brettanomyces andTorulopsis were placed in 10 groups. The galactomannans formed by theSchizosaccharomyces species studied had very similar spectra which were placed in a single group. The spectra of the mannans of theSchwanniomyces species were likewise placed in a single group. The spectra of the mannans of theEndomycopsis species studied were not alike and were placed in three sub-groups.Issued as N.R.C. No. 10812.The authors wish to express their gratitude to all those who supplied the cultures used in this work. In addition, they wish to thank Mr. M. Mazurek for the determination of the p.m.r. spectra, and Mr. N. R. Gardner and Mr. R. J. Magus for valuable technical assistance.     

Airborne yeasts in Amritsar (India)

A survey of airborne yeasts in Amritsar has been carried out by the petri plate exposure method for a period of one year. A total of 14 yeasts species appeared on the plates. Candida was the commonest yeast representing 43.1% of the total colony count followed by Rhodotorula and Torulopsis. There was a seasonal variation in the concentration of the yeasts in the atmosphere. Maximal numbers were recorded in October and minima during January–February.     

Karyotypes of eight species of phytoseiid mites of the genus Amblyseius Berlese (Acarina: Mesostigmata)

Chromosome studies, using the aceto-orcein smear technique, were made on embryonic tissue of eight Amblyseius Berlese species of the family Phytoseiidae. A haploid number of 4 chromosomes and a diploid of 8 were found.     

The Activity of Xylose Reductase and Xylitol Dehydrogenase in Yeasts

The activity and the cofactor specificity of xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase were studied in extracts of yeasts from the genera Candida, Kluyveromyces, Pachysolen, Pichia,and Torulopsis grown under microaerobic conditions. It was found that xylitol dehydrogenase in all of the yeast species studied is specific for NAD⁺; xylose reductase in the xylitol-producing species C. didensiae, C. intermediae, C. parapsilosis, C. silvanorum, C. tropicalis, Kl. fragilis, Kl. marxianus, P. guillermondii, andT. molishiama is specific for NADPH; and xylose reductase in the ethanol-producing species P. stipitis, C. shehatae, and Pa. tannophilus is specific for both NADPH and NADH.     

Torulopsis mogii sp.n.

The new speciesTorulopsis mogii is proposed as a substitute for the seven following, invalidly describedTorulopsis species:T. miso β, T. miso β var. 2,T. miso γ, T. miso γ var. 1,T. miso ζ, T. miso η by Mogi (1938, 1942) andT. osloensis by Dietrichson (1954).     

Description of Ortheziolamameti tranfagliai new species (Hemiptera,Coccoidea, Ortheziidae) from India

This paper describes a new Ortheziolamameti species from the Oriental region (India), namely Ortheziolamameti tranfagliai Konczné Benedicty, sp. n. The examined material was extracted from forest litter from India, using Berlese funnels. With this new species the genus Ortheziolamameti now includes six species. An identification key and distribution map are provided.     

List of and key to the genera and species of the subfamily Amblyseiinae (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in Korea

This study provides a list of and key to the 29 species of the subfamily Amblyseiinae in Korea. The subfamily comprises seven genera: Amblyseiulella Muma, Amblyseius Berlese, Euseius Wainstein, Neoseiulus Hughes, Okiseius Ehara, Proprioseiopsis Muma and Typhlodromips De Leon.     

The effect of conditions of low oxygen tension on the assay of nitrogenase in moulds and yeasts using the acetylene reduction technique

Summary 15 strains of Pullularia, Rhodotorula, Bullera and Torulopsis were tested for acetylene reduction under anaerobic and low pO₂ (0.05) conditions. No production of ethylene was observed and it is concluded that nitrogenase activity is absent.