贵州罗甸纳水上石炭统(宾夕法尼亚亚系)地层的再研究

本文详细描述了贵州罗甸纳水上石炭统(宾夕法尼亚亚系)剖面的生物地层和年代地层,其牙形刺序列自上而下可详细划分为：Streptognathodus isolatus, S. wabaunsensis, S. tenuialveus, S. firmus, Idiognathodus nashuiensis , Streptognathodus simulator, S. guizhouensis , S. gracilis-S, excelsus , S. cancellosus , S. clavatulus , S. nodocarinatus , Idiognathodus podolskensis , Mesogondolella clarki -Idiognathodus robustus , Diplognathodus ophanus-D, ellesmerensis, Idiognathoides ouachitensis, Streptognathodus expansus, Idiognathoides sulcatus parva, Idiognathodus primulus-Neognathodus bassleri, Idiognathodus primulus-Neognathodus symmetricus, Neognathodus symmetricus, Idiognathoides corrugatus-I, pacificus, I. sinuatus, I. sulcatus sulcatus, Declinognathodus noduli ferus 和 Gnathodus bilineatus bollandensis 等带。 Declinognathodus noduliferus 和 Streptognathodus isolatus 的首次出现分别代表上石炭统(宾夕法尼亚亚系)和二叠系的开始。根据牙形刺和有孔虫的序列,罗甸纳水剖面的上石炭统(宾夕法尼亚亚系)地层自下而上可划分为罗苏阶(Luosuan)、滑石板阶(Huashibanian)、达拉阶(Dalaan)和马平阶(Mapingian),并可与俄罗斯的巴什基尔阶(Bashkirian)、莫斯科阶(Moscovian)、卡西莫夫阶(Kasimovian)和格舍尔阶(Gzhelian),北美的莫罗阶(Morrowan)、阿托克阶(Atokan)、得梅因阶(Desmoinesian)、密苏里阶(Missourian)和弗吉尔阶(Virgilian)进行对比。另外,本文也详细讨论了剖面中的石炭系中间界线及石炭-二叠系界线。     

Taxonomic notes on water bloom forming Microcystis species (Cyanophyta) from China—An example from samples of the Dianchi Lake

Ten common species of Microcystis, based on the examination of water samples from the Dianchi Lake, Yunnan, China, were morphologically described, and their taxonomy was also discussed. They are Microcystis aeruginosa, M. botrys, M. firma, M. flos-aquae, M. ichthyoblabe, M. novacekii, M. pseudofilamentosa, M. smithii, M. viridis and M. wesenbergii. Taxonomic status of other Microcystis species reported in China was also evaluated. Key words Cyanophyta, Microcystis, morphology, taxonomy, China.     

中国靴耳属分类研究概况

对已报道的我国Crepidotus属种类进行了全面汇总,并概述了其分类研究现状。文献调查结果表明:国内已报道的该属种类名称共31个,包括30个种和1个变种,分布于全国26个省区。已报道的全部记录中,28个分类单元引证了标本,其余3个记录缺乏标本引证;7个记录的描述与国外权威描述存在差异,另有4个记录的报道未提供形态描述。淡紫靴耳不是Crepidotus属的成员,已被组合到其他属中。笔者接受"靴耳属"为Crepidotus属的汉语学名,并以此为属主名对属下的分类单元进行了全面修订。     

Notulae de Ranunculaceis sinensibus (ⅩⅩⅢ)

(1) In this paper, differences among the five genera constituting the tribe Cimi cifugeae of the family Ranunculaceae are discussed. Beesia, the first genus, with compound cymes and flowers bearing neither petals nor staminodes, is different from the other four genera with simple or compound racemes and flowers bearing either petals or staminodes, and may occupy a primitive position within the tribe. As to the other four genera, Souliea is characterized by the stem without basal leaf but with 2～5 sheath-like cataphylls, the sepals being deciduous but not caducous, moderate in size and petaloid, the petals being much smaller than sepals, but pink in color and more or less petaloid, the pollen grains being pan tocolpate or pantoporate, the carpels being 1～3 per flower, when mature forming dry linear follicles conspicuously reticulate on the surface and dehiscent along the ventral suture, and the seeds being reticulate-foveolate on the surface. These diagnostic characters indicate clear ly that Souliea might have deviated from the lineage formed by the next three genera, i. e. Anemopsis, Cimicifuga, and Actaea, which have their own well-recognizable diagnostic characters. Anemopsis is characterized by the normally developed basal leaf, the racemose inflorescence with sparse and few long pedicellate flowers, the sepals 7～10 in number, mod erate in size, and petaloid, the petals slightly smaller than sepals, the tricolpate pollen grains, the carpels 2～4 per flower, stalked, when mature forming dry oblong follicles with transverse veins on the surface, and the seeds with scaly membranous wings. Cimicifuga is distinguished by the normally developed basal leaf, the caducous, small, often sepaloid sepa ls, the organs of the second floral whorl sometimes with empty sterile anthers being stamin odes not petals, the tricolpate pollen grains, the carpels 1～8 per flower, when mature form ing dry oblong or ovoid follicles with transverse veins on the surface, and the seeds usually with scaly membranous wings. The last genus Actaea is different by the basal leaf trans formed into a small scale, the caducous, small, often sepaloid sepals, the organs of the sec ond floral whorl being clawed petals, the pollen grains with 3(4～6) colpi, carpel 1 per flow er, when mature forming a fleshy indehiscent berry smooth on the surface and without any veins, the seeds roughish or slightly rugose, neither foveolate nor winged on the surface, and the advanced most asymmetric karyotype. According to the diagnostic characters given above, we believe that Beesia, Souliea, Anemopsis, Cimicifuga, and Actaea do represent five independent genera, and the treatment of the tribe Cimicifugeae including these five genera in it by Hutchinson (1923), Janchen (1949) and some other authors, has precisely shown the taxonomic diversity within the tribe. We are therefore unable to accept the treatment published by Compton et al. (1998) to lump the two genera, Souliea and Cimicifuga, into the genus Actaea. (2) Compton et al. (1998, 1997) found out that the Chinese plants previously identified by various authors as Cimicifuga foetida L., in which the terminal and lateral racemes of the compound raceme flower more or less simultaneously, differ from the true C. foetida L. in northern Asia, in which the terminal raceme of the compound raceme flowers before the lateral ones, and thus restored the species name Cimicifuga mairei Lévl. , which was formerly reduced to the synonymy of C. foetida L. , for the Chinese plants. After examining the specimens collected from Siberia and from Southwest China we failed to find out any other differences in both vegetative and reproductive organs between the plants of the two regions, and we consider that it is better to treat the populations in Southwest and Central China as a geographical variety of Cimicifuga foetida L. A new combination, Cimicifuga foetida L. var. mairei (Lévl.) W. T. Wang & Zh. Wang, is thus made. (3) 3 species of Delphinium, 1 species and 1 variety of Clematis are described as new.     

下毛目纤毛虫的系统修订Ⅱ. 尾柱亚目(纤毛动物门)

对尾柱亚目 Urostylina Jankowski, 1979 中的各科、属进行了重新修订.该亚目的特征为:腹面具典型的中腹棘毛或在个体发生时出现中腹棘毛.修订后的尾柱亚目共4科19属:尾柱虫科 Urostylidae 左、右缘棘毛多列或至少有一侧缘棘毛为多列;全列虫科 Holostichidae 左、右缘棘毛各一列,具典型中腹棘列毛或复合中腹棘毛列;伪小双虫科 Pseudoamphisiellidae 仅具两列发生学意义上的中腹棘毛列,两者相互间宽位分离;帕森虫科 Patteroniellidae 中腹棘毛列不甚明确,数目少,且近于散布.此外, 给出了各科及属的检索表, 并附各属纤毛图式, 对部分属进行了讨论.     

Solid-phase Chemistry: A Useful Tool to Discover Modulators of Protein Interactions

The Solid phase synthesis (SPS) concept, first developed for biopolymers, has spread in every field where organic synthesis is involved. While the potential of the solid-phase method was obvious in 1959 to its discoverer, Prof. R. B. Merrifield, it was unpredictable its dominance in peptide synthesis and especially in combinatorial chemistry, an area not yet conceived. SPS paved the way for solid-phase combinatorial approaches (extensively reviewed in (Choong, I. C. and Ellman, J. A.: 1996, Annu. Rep. Med. Chem. 31, 309–318; Obrecht, D. and Villalgordo, J. M.: 1998, Solid-supported Combinatorial and Parallel Synthesis of Small-Molecular-Weight Compound Libraries. Pergamon Press Ltd., Oxford, UK; Chabala, J. C.: 1995, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 6, 632–639; Kamal, A., Reddy, K. L., Devaiah, V., Shankaraiah, N., Reddy, D. R.: 2006, Mini Rev. Med. Chem. 6, 53–69; Whitehead, D. M., McKeown, S. C., Routledge, A.: 2005, Comb. Chem. HTS 8, 361–371; Nefzi, A., Ostresh, J. M., Houghten, R. A.: 1997, Chem. Rev. 97, 449–472; Gordon, E. M., Gallop, M. A., Patel, D. V.: 1996, Acc. Chem. Res. 29, 144–154)) as many laboratories and companies focused on the development of technologies and chemistry suitable to this new methodology. This resulted in the spectacular outburst of combinatorial chemistry, which profoundly changed the approach for new drug discovery. Combinatorial chemistry is currently considered a valid approach for a wide range of biomedical applications, such as, target validation and drug discovery.     

Importance of biological and abiotic factors for geochemical cycling in a freshwater eutrophic lake

Here we report the results of a comprehensive biogeochemical monitoring of Rostherne Mere in 1998, including changes in dissolved oxygen, organic carbon and nitrogen, nitrate/nitrite, ammonia, Al, Na, S, K, Mg, Ca, Si, Fe, Mn, orthophosphate, particulate N & P, suspended solids, temperature, pH, chlorophyll-a and zooplankton. The results demonstrated the major influence of primary producers on the overall geochemical cycling of N, P and Si, and suggested that the significance of zooplankton might have been previously underestimated. For major anions and cations, however, the influence of biota on lake water concentrations appeared to be negligible, reflecting the fact that these chemicals were present far in excess of plankton requirements. Thus changes in concentrations of Ca, K, Na, Mg and S were rather limited and must have reflected changes in hydrological and meteorological parameters. K, however, demonstrated a transitional pattern, reflecting some influence of biological uptake. During the stratification period, the slow processes of bacterial decomposition in the hypolimnion gradually released chemicals contained in the materials accumulated in the bottom layer, remarkably increasing the concentrations of dissolved compounds of those elements present in amounts comparable with the pool stored in the sedimenting detritus (e.g. orthophosphate P, ammonia N, Si and DOC). The decomposition also resulted in a drop in the redox potential, followed by partial denitrification and chemical release from the sediments. The hypolimnion of the Mere was confirmed to remain at the stage of Mn release, characterised by accumulation of DOC, orthophosphates, ammonia and initial stages of denitrification. High levels of P released from the sediments during the stratification period suggest that the lake’s recovery after sewage diversion might be further delayed.     

Materials for Chinese Phyllanthoideae

The present paper is part of taxonomic study on Chinese Phyllanthoideae. Included in it are two new varieties, Leptopus esquirolii var. villosus and Drypetes hainanensis var. longistipitata, one new combination, Glochidion triandrum var. siamense, and seven new records in China: Drypetes salicifolia, D. hoaensis. Actephila subsessilis, Glochidion khasicum, G. nubigennum, Bridelia spiosa and B. poilanei. In addition, seventeen taxon names are newly reduced: Liodendron formosanum = Drypetes formosana, Liodendron matsumurae = Drypetes matsumurae, D. longipes = D. indica, Antidesma paxii = A. acidum, A. hiiranense, A. filipes and A. pentandrum var. hiiranense = A. japonicum, A. calvescens = A. montanum, A. microphyllum = A. venosum, Breynia stipitata var. formosana and B. jormosana = B. vitis-idaea, Glochidion zeylanicum var. tomentosum = G. hirsutum, G. rubidulum = G. thomsonii, G. acuminatum = G. triandrum, G. fagifolium and Phyllanthus fagifolius = Glochidion sphaerogynum, Bridelia penangiena = B. insulana, B. henryana = B. tomentosa. All the types are kept in SCBl and PE.     

西藏合腹茧蜂属一新种记述（膜翅目：茧蜂科：甲腹茧蜂亚科）

合腹茧蜂属Phanerotomella Szepligeti中国已知7种,本文报道1新种,西藏合腹茧蜂P.xizangensis,sp.nov.,并附中国已知种检索表,模式标本保存于浙江大学应用昆虫研究所。     

Seed-coat anatomy in Fumariaceae-Fumarioideae

Seed-coat anatomy is described in 122 species of Fumarioideae, which represent all the genera, subgenera, and most sections. Nine seed-coat types were recognized: (I) Dicentra subg. Hedycapnos , (II) Dicentra subg. Chrysocapnos , (III) Dicentra subg. Macranthos , (IV) Dicentra subg. Dicentra , (V) Corydalis p.p. , (VI) rest of Corydaleae, Cysticapnos, Pseudofumaria and Ceratocapnos , (VII) Discocapnos and Sarcocapnos p. p. , (VIII) Sarcocapnos p. p., Platycapnos and Trigonocapnos , and (IX) Fumariinae. Variable characters are polarized based on the comparison with Fumariaceae Hypecooideae, Papaveraceae and Pteridophyllaceae. It is assumed that endotestal seed-coat type (I) is most primitive, that exotestal seed coat types (II—VIII) are derived therefrom, and that the reduction of the mechanical layer, including the origin of thin seed-coat type (IX) occurred repeatedly in combination with indehiscent, hard-walled fruits. Dicentra subg. Hedycapnos (with type I) possesses a combination of primitive testal characters unique within the subfamily, suggesting it represents a sister group to the rest of the subfamily. Each of the other subgenera (with II, III or IV) is also characterized by a unique combination of seed-coat characters, which are found in the outgroups but not in the other genera. Seed-coat characters support the monophyly of Fumarioideae exclusive of Dicentra subg. Hedycapnos , Fumarioideae exclusive of Dicentra , of Dicentra subg. Dicentra , of Corydalis p.p. , and of Fumariinae.     

Rad50S alleles of the Mre11 complex: questions answered and questions raised

We find that Rad50S mutations in yeast and mammals exhibit constitutive PIKK (PI3-kinase like kinase)-dependent signaling [T. Usui, H. Ogawa, J.H. Petrini, A DNA damage response pathway controlled by Tel1 and the Mre11 complex. Mol. Cell 7 (2001) 1255-1266.; M. Morales, J.W. Theunissen, C.F. Kim, R. Kitagawa, M.B. Kastan, J.H. Petrini, The Rad50S allele promotes ATM-dependent DNA damage responses and suppresses ATM deficiency: implications for the Mre11 complex as a DNA damage sensor. Genes Dev. 19 (2005) 3043-4354.]. The signaling depends on Mre11 complex functions, consistent with its role as a DNA damage sensor. Rad50S is distinct from hypomorphic mutations of Mre11 and Nbs1 in mammals [M. Morales, J.W. Theunissen, C.F. Kim, R. Kitagawa, M.B. Kastan, J.H. Petrini, The Rad50S allele promotes ATM-dependent DNA damage responses and suppresses ATM deficiency: implications for the Mre11 complex as a DNA damage sensor. Genes Dev. 19 (2005) 3043-3054.; J.P. Carney, R.S. Maser, H. Olivares, E.M. Davis, Le M. Beau, J.R. Yates, III, L. Hays, W.F. Morgan, J.H. Petrini, The hMre11/hRad50 protein complex and Nijmegen breakage syndrome: linkage of double-strand break repair to the cellular DNA damage response. Cell 93 (1998) 477-486.; G.S. Stewart, R.S. Maser, T. Stankovic, D.A. Bressan, M.I. Kaplan, N.G. Jaspers, A. Raams, P.J. Byrd, J.H. Petrini, A.M. Taylor, The DNA double-strand break repair gene hMRE11 is mutated in individuals with an ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorder. Cell 99 (1999) 577-587.; B.R. Williams, O.K. Mirzoeva, W.F. Morgan, J. Lin, W. Dunnick, J.H. Petrini, A murine model of nijmegen breakage syndrome. Curr. Biol. 12 (2002) 648-653.; J.W. Theunissen, M.I. Kaplan, P.A. Hunt, B.R. Williams, D.O. Ferguson, F.W. Alt, J.H. Petrini, Checkpoint failure and chromosomal instability without lymphomagenesis in Mre11(ATLD1/ATLD1) mice. Mol. Cell 12 (2003) 1511-1523.] and the Mre11 complex deficiency in yeast [T. Usui, H. Ogawa, J.H. Petrini, A DNA damage response pathway controlled by Tel1 and the Mre11 complex. Mol. Cell 7 (2001) 1255-1266.; D'D. Amours, S.P. Jackson, The yeast Xrs2 complex functions in S phase checkpoint regulation. Genes Dev. 15 (2001) 2238-49. ; M. Grenon, C. Gilbert, N.F. Lowndes, Checkpoint activation in response to double-strand breaks requires the Mre11/Rad50/Xrs2 complex. Nat. Cell Biol. 3 (2001) 844-847. ] where the signaling is compromised. Herein, we describe evidence for chronic signaling by Rad50S and discuss possible mechanisms.     

鄂西地区裸藻的新种类

本文报道的是1981年5—6月在鄂西地区(包括五峰、宜都、宜昌、当阳、兴山及神农架林区)采集到的裸藻门植物5个新种,7个新变种和3个新变型。       

Detection of Vibrio cholerae O1 in the aquatic environment in Brazil employing direct immunofluorescence microscopy

Culturing and immunofluorescence (FA) methods for detection of Vibrio cholerae O1 in samples collected from the aquatic environment at selected sites in Brazil were compared. Of the samples examined, 90% were positive for V. cholerae O1 by FA but none was positive by culture, although strains of V. cholerae other than O1 strains were readily isolated. Evidence for V. cholerae O1 being autochthonous to the aquatic environment of Brazil is presented. Furthermore, FA methods are recommended for cholera surveillance programmes directed at the natural environment.M.T. Martins is with the Department of Microbiology, I.C.B. II, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, S.P. CEP 05508, Brazil. P.S. Sanchez and M.I.Z. Sato are with the State Agency for Environmental Control-CETESB, Sao Paulo, S.P. CEP 05459, Brazil. P.R. Brayton and R.R. Colwell are with the Department of Microbiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; R.R. Colwell is also with the Center of Marine Biotechnology, Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 600 East Lombard St, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.     

Four New Species and One Variety of Elatostema (Urticaceae) from China

One variety, Elatostema bijiangense var. weixiense, belonging to sect. Weddellia ser. Crenata, one species, E.cucullatonaviculare, belonging to sect. Elatostema ser. Cuspidata, two species, E.luoi and E.heterogrammicum, belonging to sect. Elatostema ser. nanchuanensia, and one species, E.fugongense, belonging to sect. Elatostema ser. Albopilosa, are described as new from China.     

Larvae of Leptus (Acarina:Erythraeidae), free-living or ectoparasitic on arachnids and lower insects of Australia and Papua New Guinea, with descriptions of reared post-larval instars

Leptus larvae (Acarina:Erythraeidae) of Australia and New Guinea, collected either free-living or ectoparasitic on Arachnida or lower Insecta, are comprehensively reviewed. For Australia the following new species are described. From Scorpionida: L. barmeedius, L. baudini, L. carduus, L. hitchcocki, L. korematus, L. pistoris, L. stnithi and L. urodaci; from Araneae: L. minno; from Insecta: L. norrisi (Archaeognatha); L.flindersi (Blattodea); L. cheesmanae (Phasmatodea); L. bankensis, L. calcar, L. cultellus, L. foliatus, L. lighti, L. pincheni and L. tindalei (Orthoptera, Acridoidea); L. batjallus, L. clavatus, L. clelandi. L. elderi, L.fisheri (Hemiptera); L. grossi and L. puniceus (free-living only); some of the preceding species were also captured free-living. From Papua New Guinea the following new species are described: L. calcar (Acridoidea); L. cheesmanae (Orthoptera:'cricket') (both of these species also from Australia); L. lorarius, L. scutellatus and L. triacanthus (free-living). Additional host and other records are given for previously described species, originally described as ectoparasites of Insecta:from Australia: L. bathypogonus Womersley (Acridoidea); L. cerambycius Southcott (free-living); L. charon Southcott (Araneae, Scorpionida); L.faini Southcott (Araneae); L. orthrius Southcott (Hemiptera); from Papua New Guinea: L. draco Southcott (Odonata, Acridoidea, Tettiginioidea, Phasmatodea, Hemiptera). Protonymphs are described of L. barmeedius, L. baudini, L. calcar, L. charon, L.flindersi, L. orthrius and L. smithi. Deutonymphs are described of L. calcar, L. charon, L. flindersi and L. smithi. A key is provided for the known larvae, protonymphs and deutonymphs of Leptus of Australia and Papua New Guinea. Teratological abnormalities are recorded for L. cultellus, L. fisheri, L, minno and L. urodaci.     

中国伞形科前胡族阿魏亚族血清分类及亲缘关系的研究

运用双向免疫扩散方法分析了中国伞形科Umbelliferae阿魏亚族Ferulinae 8属33种2变种的种子贮藏蛋白免疫沉淀反应的特征,并根据沉淀线的相似性,结合其他学科资料,讨论了该亚族属间的亲缘关系。认为球根阿魏属Schumannia、簇花芹属Sorartthus和伊犁芹属Talassia 3属的关系最为密切,并且均与阿魏属Fenda近缘,其中球根阿魏属应并入簇花芹属中。弓翅芹属Arcuatopterus在所分析的8个属中,与阿魏属有一定的近缘关系。胀果芹属Phlojodicarpus与前胡属Peucedanum关系较近。而川明参属Chuanminshen却与上述各属的关系均较远。此外,对阿魏属和前胡属2个大属的种间关系也进行了血清分类分析,其中所研究的9种阿魏被分成2类,16种前胡被分成3类,并结合其他学科证据分别讨论了种间的亲缘关系。     

兰科植物菌根真菌研究新见解

兰科(Orchidaceae)在地球生命系统演化中占有十分重要的地位,几乎全部兰科植物均处于不同程度的濒危状态,研究兰科菌根真菌对于保护珍稀濒危兰科植物具有重要意义。该文在对菌根真菌相关的概念及研究方法进行综述的基础上,对兰科菌根真菌的主要类群、特异性及其与兰科植物稀有性之间的关系,以及兰科菌根真菌与兰科植物之间的营养关系和进化关系进行了总结。兰科菌根真菌的研究方法可以归纳为经典研究方法、早期分子生物学方法、rDNA片段高通量测序法、宏基因组学方法。兰科菌根真菌类群主要隶属于担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和毛霉门(Mucoromycota)。根据兰科菌根真菌特异性与否,首次明确了兰科菌根真菌定植关系可分为三大类:特异性定植、广泛性定植和特异-广泛兼性定植。根据营养关系特点,首次将兰科植物与菌根真菌之间的营养关系划分为三大类:兰花单向利好型、典型共生型、分工合作型。兰科菌根真菌特异性与兰科植物稀有性之间的关系呈现出两面性,而兰科菌根真菌与兰科植物之间是否存在协同进化关系还需要更多的研究才能阐明。此外,该文还对兰科菌根真菌领域今后的研究提出了一些思路。     

鸟类核型研究XⅣ.鸻形目14种

本文报道了(行鸟)形目14种鸟的核型,并发现该目种类间染色体数目变异很大,由石(行鸟)的2n=40至沙锥的2n=98不等。这种变异是由原始的2n=80核型通过两种方式形成的:在(行鸟)小目中,小染色体相互融合而造成染色体数目的减少;在鹬小目中,大染色体的着丝点分离而造成染色体数目的增加。     

Tertiary Sporo-Pollen Assemblage of-Zhujiangkou Pearl River North Basin and Its Stratigraphicai Significance

The Tertiary sediments in the Zhujiangkou (Pearl River North) Basin are well developed, containing very rich pollens and spores. Polynological research has been going on since 1977. According to the characters, they may be divided into seven palynological assemblages as follows: 1. Taxodiaceaepollenites-Gothanipollis assemblage (Corresponding to the Baoan Formation). The assemblage mainly consists of Alnipollenites, Quercoidites, Liquidam- barpollenites, Taxodiaceaepollenites and Pinuspollenites. In addition it contains some Polypoiisporites, Ostryoipollenites, Retitricolpites, and rare characteristic species: Utri-culariapollis tritremites, U. tetratremites, Trilobapollis leps, T. ellipticus, Opcrculumpollis operculatus, Ulmoideipites krempii, Ulmipollenites minor and Gothanipollis bassensis, referring to Early-Middle Oligocene age. 2. Ostryoipollenites-PinuspoUenites assemblage (Corresponding to the Zhuhai Formation). The assemblage is similar to the preceding assemblage. In the same manner are well development of Quercoidites, Ostryoipollenites, AlnipoUenitcs, Liquidambarpollenites, Polypodiisporites, Pinuspollenites, Dicolpopollis, with a certain amount of Cupuliferoipollenites, Dacrydiumites, Cedripites, Ulmipollcnites, and minority of Trilobapollis, but such older pollen grains as Utriculariapollis tritremites, U. tetratremites and Opcrculumpollis operculatus have never been discovered harein. Its age is Late Oligocene. 3.Quercoidites-Retitricolpites assemblage (Corresponding to the Zhujiang Formation). The assemblage is different to the preceding assemblage inacute attenuation of Ostryoipollenites, Alnipollenites, Pinuspollenites and Cedripites, some oleder Angiospermonus pollen as Trilobapollis, Gothanipollis, Ulmoideipites krempii, Ulmipollenites minor have never been discovered herein. The assemblage is characterized by the abundance of Quercoidites, Liquidambarpollenites, Dicolpopollis and Retitricolpites. In addition present many Florschuetzia trilobata, F. semilobata and F. levipoli and Zonocostites cf. ramonae, suggeting Early Miocene. 4. Florschuetzia trilobata-F, semilobata assemblage (Corresponding to the Lower member of the Hanjing Formation). The assemblage mainly consists of Florschuetzia trilobata, F. semilobata, Cupuliferoipollenites and Polypodiisporites. In addition it contains some Polypodiaceaesporites, Quercoidites, Rctetricolpites and rare Florschuetzia levipoli and Zonocostatites of ramonae, probably referred to the Early stage of Middle Miocene. Florschuetzia levipoli-Zonocostatites cf. ramonae assemblage (Corresponding to the Upper member of the Hanjiang Formation). The assemblage is characterized by the abundance of Florschutzia levipoli, F. trilobata, Zonocostatites cf. ramonae, Cupuliferoipollenites, Polypodiaceaesporites, Polypodiisporites, and also by preferred of F. semilobata, Quercoidites, Dicolpopollis, probably referred to the Late stage of Middle Miocene. 6. Chenopodipollis-Cupuliferoipollenites assemblage (Corresponding to the Yuechai Formation). The assemblage mainly consists of Cupuliferoipollenites, and presence of Graminidites, Chenopodipollis, Polypodiisporites, and rare Florschuetzia levipoli, F. semilobata, Zonocostatites cf. ramonae, but pollen grains F. trilobata have never been discovered herein, assigned to Late Miocene. 7. Cupuliferoipollenites-Polypodiaceae assemblage (Corresponding to the Wanshan Formation). The assemblage consists of Polypodiisporites, Polypodiaceaesporites, Cupuliferoipollenites, and also by presence Graminidites, Liquidambarpollenites, Quercoidites, and rare Florschuetzia levipoli, F. semilobata, Zonocostatites cf. ramonae, referring to Pliocene age. According to the present sporopollen assemblage, it may be supposed the paleoclimate of Zhujiangkou (Pearl River Mouth) Basin in the Oligocene Epoch was certainly rather cold and arid; in the Neogene Period was warn and wet.