G418和氯霉素作为转基因盐藻的抗生素筛选标记

寻找可以作为筛选标记的抗生素是进行盐藻转基因的前提,尤其是分子更小,反应更灵敏的抗生素,通过降低培养液中NaCl浓度至0.25mol/L以后,进行抗生素筛选,得到了一种可以作为筛选标记的抗生素-G418,700μg/ml G418在第5d即比较完全地杀死野生型盐藻细胞,由于未知的原因,实验中氯霉素表现出的抑制浓度是400μg/ml,作用时间是10d以上,不同于已有报道。在含1.5mol/L NaCl的盐藻培养基中,氯霉素,潮霉素,壮观霉素,G418,氨苄青霉素,卡那霉素都没有表现出杀死盐藻细胞的能力,这说明G418在低盐培养基中可以作为一种快速有效的筛选转基因盐藻的抗生素筛选标记。     

刺槐对3种抗生素敏感性的测定

匈牙利刺槐对卡那霉素不敏感,对G418敏感,而对潮霉素极为敏感.如以NPTII基因为刺槐基因工程的选择性标记基因,则G418是理想的抗生素抗性选择试剂;如用HPT基因,则潮霉素是合适的抗生素抗性选择试剂.     

舟形藻生长、品质特性及转化筛选标记研究

研究了舟形藻(Navicula tenera)细胞表型和积累模式,利用索式抽提法和气质联用(GC-MS)方法对其进行总油脂含量和脂肪酸组分的分析,并研究了舟形藻对氨苄青霉素(Amp)、卡那霉素(Kan)、草胺膦(PPT)、庆大霉素(Gen)、链霉素(Str)、遗传霉素(G418)、潮霉素(Hyg)以及氯霉素(Cm)这8种常用抗生素的敏感性.结果显示,舟形藻细胞以沉积底部的生长模式积累;其总油脂含量占其干物质重量的8.31%,脂肪酸种类主要有C16:0,C16:3(n-4)和C20:5(n-3)(EPA),分别占总脂肪酸的64.13%、15.87%和19.62%;舟形藻对Cm和G418非常敏感,对Hyg较敏感,而对不同浓度的Amp、Kan、Gen、Str以及PPT极不敏感.为舟形藻基因工程筛选标记的确立,进而建立其遗传转化系统奠定了基础.     

湛江等鞭金藻对抗生素的反应及无菌化培养

研究了5种抗生素在不同浓度下对湛江等鞭金藻(Isochrysis zhangjiangensis)生长的影响,采用混合添加抗生素法获得无菌藻株.结果表明,(1)不同抗生素对湛江等鞭金藻生长的影响存在差异,湛江等鞭金藻对氯霉素最敏感,浓度为50 μg·mL-1时抑制率为27.02%,浓度＞50 μg·mL-1时抑制率达80%,湛江等鞭金藻对青霉素、链霉素、卡那霉素和庆大霉素不敏感,后3种抗生素在低浓度时对藻细胞生长有促进作用;(2)除50 μg·mL-1青霉素处理外,青霉素、链霉素、卡那霉素和庆大霉素其它浓度处理均有明显的抑菌作用;(3)采用500 μg·mL-1链霉素,1000 μg·mL-1卡那霉素和50 μg·mL-1庆大霉素的4个组合混合添加抗生素,均获得了无菌藻株,且对生长有促进作用.     

G418和潮霉素B双重抗性小鼠胚胎干细胞饲养层的制备

通过脂质体转染的方法,先后将含有neo基因的质粒pWL／neo和含有潮霉素基因的质粒导入NIH3T3细胞中,利用G418和潮霉素B的药物选择特性,对转染细胞进行压力筛选,经500μg／ml的G418和300μg／ml潮霉素B压力筛选后,获得了具有G418和潮霉素B双重抗性细胞克隆。抗性NIH3T3细胞的形态和生长速度与正常NIH3T3细胞没有差异,用PCR法特异性核苷酸引物检测抗性细胞基因组DNA,可以扩增出对应的核苷酸片段。生长在双抗NIH3T3细胞饲养层上ES细胞基本保持正常ES细胞特征,成功地培育了G418和潮霉素双重抗性的NIH3T3细胞,为进行pTet-on和pTRE-H-Insulin目的基因电转染ES细胞的阳性细胞克隆筛选打下了基础。     

4株沙漠小球藻对几种常用抗生素的敏感性研究

目的:对分离自新疆沙漠的4株小球藻GTD8A1、GTD4A-1、GTD7C-2和TLD6B进行几种常用基因工程抗生素的敏感性研究,以期筛选出沙漠小球藻基因工程中选择标记的抗生素。方法:运用藻株在液体培养过程中藻体颜色变化和血球板细胞计数的方法,系统性研究沙漠小球藻对几种常用基因工程抗生素的敏感性。结果:4株沙漠小球藻对卡那霉素和链霉素都非常敏感,敏感浓度(细胞致死浓度,下同)均为25μg/m L;对氯霉素也很敏感,GTD8A1、GTD7C-2和TLD6B的敏感浓度也均为25μg/m L,GTD4A-1的敏感浓度为100μg/m L;4株沙漠小球藻对氨苄西林和头孢霉素的敏感性都不是很明显,在一定的浓度范围,氨苄西林和头孢霉素对藻细胞的生长还具有促进作用,当氨苄西林和头孢霉素的浓度很高时才表现出一定的抑制作用。结论:卡那霉素和链霉素可作为沙漠小球藻基因工程选择标记中的2种抗生素,为今后建立其遗传转化系统奠定了基础。     

三角褐指藻基因枪转化体系的建立

三角褐指藻具有较高的脂肪酸含量,是一种很有潜力的生物柴油生产原料。此外,它是多不饱和脂肪酸尤其是二十碳五烯酸（EPA）重要的来源。合适转化体系的缺乏限制了通过基因工程手段对其进行改造。首次采用基因枪方法成功地将外源基因转入三角褐指藻,转化细胞经染色后呈现蓝色,表明外源报告基因β-糖苷酸酶( GUS ) 基因得到了成功的表达。同时还进行了转化参数等因素对转化效率影响的分析,优化了转化条件。结果显示最佳的转化条件为: 每60 μg钨粉包被1 μg质粒DNA,样品室真空度为27英寸汞柱,可裂膜为1500psi,受体与阻挡网距离6 cm。此外,转化载体采用了三角褐指藻内源基因fcp的启动子,实现了外源基因在细胞内的表达。通过5种基因工程中常用抗生素对三角褐指藻生长抑制的研究发现,三角褐指藻对卡那霉素、氨苄青霉素、链霉素和新霉素不敏感,500 mg/L 的卡那霉素、氨苄青霉素和新霉素,以及1000 mg/L 链霉素仍不能抑制其生长;三角褐指藻对氯霉素非常敏感,130 mg/L的氯霉素可以完全抑制其生长,其半抑制浓度为60 mg/L。这为基因工程手段改造三角褐指藻脂肪酸代谢相关途径奠定了基础。     

胡杨遗传转化体系的建立及抗生素浓度的优化

探讨了不同激素浓度对胡杨叶片分化以及卡那霉素、G418、羧苄青霉素和头孢霉素4种抗生素对胡杨不同培养阶段外植体生长、分化或生根的影响,确定了由农杆菌介导的胡杨遗传转化研究中抗生素种类和转化体的筛选浓度,建立了适于胡杨叶片转化的遗传转化体系。结果表明:胡杨叶片再生的最佳培养基为MS+BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.1～0.2mg/L+白砂糖25g/L+琼脂5g/L;在叶片转化筛选阶段,卡那霉素和G418的适宜浓度分别为10mg/L和7.5mg/L,羧苄青霉素和头孢霉素的适宜浓度为200～600mg/L和200～400mg/L;在抗性芽生根培养时,卡那霉素和G418分别为15～20mg/L和10～15mg/L,羧苄青霉素和头孢霉素为200～800mg/L和200～600mg/L。     

两株高效相思根瘤菌的抗药性研究及其质粒组成分析

目的:研究相思根瘤菌质粒与其抗药性之间的关系。方法:研究了相思根瘤菌MZ和AJ018在含不同浓度的抗生素的固体培养基和液体培养基的生长情况,并用碱裂解方法对其质粒组成进行检测。结果:两菌株对链霉素和卡那霉素均无抗性,而对其它抗生素都有不同程度的抗性。MZ菌株对实验中的氯霉素、氨苄青霉素、四环素三种抗生素的耐受范围与最大耐受值都比AJ018强,当平板培养基中氨苄青霉素、四环素、氯霉素的终浓度分别为250μg/ml、75μg/ml、150μg/ml时,AJ018在平板上无菌落生长,当三种抗生素终浓度分别为800μg/ml1、50μg/ml、400μg/ml时无菌落生长。两菌株都含有一个大约50kb的质粒。     

G418对IL—2基因包装细胞的筛选

本文用高浓度的G418(800μg/ml)和低浓度的G418(200μg/ml)对包装细胞PLXSN/IL-2/PA317细胞进行40天的选择筛选培养,使其细胞呈稳定状态生长时,收集上清液转染NIH/3T3细胞,进行病毒滴度测定。试图在高选择标记的情况下筛选出高表达目的基因的包装细胞。实验结果表明:高、低浓度的G418对PLXSN/IL-2/PA317包装细胞的选择作用相同,即包装细胞的病毒滴度同选择标记物浓度无关。提示可用低浓度的G418来维持包装细胞的生命。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.