锌钼营养对苦瓜产量、叶片多胺、激素含量与活性氧代谢的影响

苦瓜(株洲长白Momordica charantia cv．Zhuzhou Changbai)叶片喷施硫酸锌和钼酸钠均可显著增加苦瓜产量,提高叶片多胺(PAs)、抗坏血酸(ASA)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,减少脱落酸(ABA)、丙二醛(MDA)含量和自动氧化速率(AOR),从而抑制膜脂过氧化,延缓叶片衰老。苦瓜产量与叶片IAA、GA3、PAs、SOD、POD、CAT呈极显著正相关,而与MDA、AOR、ABA呈极显著负相关,叶片MDA含量与ABA、AOR呈极显著正相关,而与PAs、IAA、GA3、SOD、POD、CAT呈显著负相关。     

外源多胺对铜胁迫下水鳖叶片多胺代谢、抗氧化系统和矿质营养元素的影响

采用营养液水培的方法,研究了外源亚精胺(Spd)和精胺(Spm)对Cu胁迫下水鳖叶片3种形态多胺(PAs)、抗氧化系统及营养元素的影响。结果表明:(1)Cu胁迫使水鳖叶片腐胺(Put)急剧积累,Spd和Spm明显下降,从而使(Spd+Spm)/Put比值也随之下降。外源Spd和Spm显著或极显著逆转Cu诱导的PAs变化,抑制Put的积累,缓解Spd和Spm的下降,从而提高了(Spd+Spm)/Put比值。(2)外源Spd和Spm抑制了Cu胁迫诱导的多胺氧化酶(PAO)的增加,缓解了二胺氧化酶(DAO)的下降。(3)与单一Cu胁迫相比,Spd和Spm显著或极显著提高了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性和抗坏血酸(AsA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量,从而降低了超氧阴离子(O2.-)产生速率和过氧化氢(H2O2)含量,极显著降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量,缓解了Cu诱导的氧化胁迫。(4)外源Spd和Spm显著或极显著缓解了Cu胁迫下矿质营养元素吸收平衡的紊乱。以上结果均说明了外施Spd和Spm可增加水鳖对Cu胁迫的耐受性。     

低氧胁迫下24-表油菜素内酯对黄瓜幼苗叶片光合特性及多胺含量的影响

采用1/2 Hoagland营养液培养,研究了低氧胁迫下24-表油菜素内酯(EBR)对黄瓜幼苗叶片光合特性及多胺含量的影响.结果表明：低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗的净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(g_s)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)显著下降,而叶绿素含量显著提高,幼苗生长受抑;低氧胁迫显著提高了黄瓜幼苗叶片的腐胺(Put)、亚精胺(Spd)、精胺(Spm)、多胺(PAs)含量和Put/PAs,但降低了(Spd+Spm) /Put.低氧胁迫下,外源EBR不仅显著提高了黄瓜幼苗的P_n、g_s、T_r及叶绿素含量,也显著提高了黄瓜幼苗叶片的游离态Spm、结合态Spd、Spm及束缚态Put、Spd、Spm含量,促进了PAs的进一步积累,且降低了Put/PAs,提高了(Spd+Spm)/Put．可见,外源EBR调节了黄瓜幼苗内源多胺含量及形态的变化,维持了较高的光合性能,促进了叶面积和干物质量的显著增加,缓解了低氧胁迫对黄瓜幼苗的伤害.     

枣品种耐盐性与叶片生物膜结合态多胺水平和H~＋-ATP酶活性的关系

120mmol·L^-1NaCl胁迫30d,耐盐性强的‘金丝小枣’叶片细胞质膜、液泡膜共价结合态腐胺（Put）、亚精胺（Spd）、精胺（Spm）含量及多胺（PAs）总水平与对照无显著性差异,但耐盐性弱的‘冬枣’叶片质膜共价结合态Put、Spd、Spm含量和PAs总水平及液泡膜Spd含量均显著降低;‘金丝小枣’叶片类囊体膜共价结合态Put含量、PAs总水平较对照显著降低,‘冬枣’则是Put、Spd、Spm含量及PAs总水平均显著降低。盐胁迫下,‘金丝小枣’叶片细胞质膜、液泡膜、类囊体膜非共价结合态Put、Spd、Spm含量及PAs总水平下降,但其中仅类囊体膜Spd含量显著低于对照,而‘冬枣’的3种膜上非共价结合态的这些多胺及其总水平均显著低于对照。与对照相比,盐胁迫下耐盐性不同的2个枣品种,叶片细胞质膜、液泡膜和类囊体膜H＋-ATP酶活性均降低,但降低幅度因枣品种和生物膜种类不同而异,且H＋-ATP酶活性与相应膜结合态多胺水平存在极紧密的正相关关系。结果表明,膜结合态多胺参与枣品种耐盐性的表达,调节盐胁迫下枣叶细胞中溶质的跨膜运输。     

外源亚精胺对盐胁迫下毕氏海蓬子体内多胺含量的影响

用含不同浓度(0、100、200、300、400和500 mmol·L 1)NaCl的Hoagland营养液及叶面喷施0.1 mmol·L-1外源亚精胺(Spd)处理毕氏海蓬子幼苗,研究外源Spd对NaCl胁迫下海蓬子体内游离态、结合态和束缚态3种形态多胺含量的影响,分析内源多胺含量的变化与植物耐盐性的关系.结果表明:(1)随盐胁迫浓度的升高,海蓬子幼苗叶片中3种形态腐胺(Put)含量均先降后升;同期的游离态Spd含量持续上升,结合态和束缚态Spd含量均先升后降;同期的游离和结合态精胺(Spm)含量均先升后降,而其束缚态Spm含量呈上升趋势;游离态和束缚态多胺(PAs)总量变化随盐浓度升高均呈上升趋势,而结合态PAs总量先升后降.(2)3种形态(Spd+ Spm) /Put比值均先升后降,而3种形态Put/PAs比值则均呈先降后升的相反趋势.(3)外源Spd处理提高了海蓬子幼苗叶片中结合态和束缚态PAs总量,也提高了游离态和束缚态(Spd+Spm)/Put比值.研究发现,外源Spd参与了NaCl胁迫下海蓬子内源PAs代谢的调节,可能通过促进盐胁迫植株中Put向Spd和Spm的转化,以及游离态多胺向结合态和束缚态多胺的转化来增强海蓬子耐盐性.     

黄连木雌、雄株内源植物激素和POD同工酶的比较

为揭示黄连木（Pistacia chinensis Bunge）不同性别植株的生理差异,以雌株和雄株叶片为试材,对叶片赤霉素（GA3）、脱落酸（ABA）、吲哚-3-乙酸（IAA）、亚精胺（Spd）、精胺（Spm）和腐胺（Put）含量变化及过氧化物酶同工酶进行了测定。结果表明,黄连木雌、雄株叶片GA3含量在6至9月均达到极显著差异,含量均在10月8日达到最大值,分别为100.9μg/g FW和92.9μg/g FW;雄株叶片ABA含量均高于雌株,雌、雄株叶片ABA含量在5月21日和7月8日达到极显著差异,5月21日均为最小值,含量分别为222.0 ng/g FW和340.1 ng/g FW;雄株叶片IAA含量均高于雌株,雌、雄植株叶片中IAA含量在8月8日达到极显著差异,9月8日达到最大值,分别为984.8 ng/g FW和1000.6 ng/g FW;雌株GA3/ABA的比值在7月至9月极显著高于雄株,9月8日差异值最大,为42.8;雌、雄株叶片IAA/ABA在5月21日差异值最大,为0.54;雌、雄株叶片Spd含量存在显著或极显著差异,均在7月8日达到最大值,分别为47.9μg/g FW和42.8μg/g FW;雄株叶片Spm含量均大于雌株,雌、雄株叶片Spm含量在10月8日达到极显著差异,均在7月8日出现最大值,分别为24.3μg/g FW和34.5μg/g FW;雄株叶片Put含量在各个时期均低于雌株,雌、雄株叶片Put含量除5月21日外,存在显著或极显著差异,在9月8日均达到最大值,分别为156.0μg/g FW和135.1μg/g FW。雌、雄株叶片、叶柄过氧化物酶同工酶有显著差异,雌株叶片过氧化物酶同工酶有5条带,分别为POD-1、POD-2、POD-3、POD-4、POD-5;雄株叶片只有4条带,分别为POD-2、POD-3、POD-4、POD-5;雌株叶柄内的过氧化物酶同工酶有4条带,分别为POD-1’、POD-3’、POD-4’、POD-5’,雄株叶柄内的过氧化物酶同工酶有3条带,分别为POD-2’、POD-4’、POD-5’。POD-1为雌株叶片特有条带,POD-1’、POD-3’为雌株叶柄特有条带,POD-2’为雄株叶柄特有条带。通过试验得出,黄连木叶片中ABA、IAA、Spd、Spm和Put含量与性别有关,叶片和叶柄的POD同工酶条带也是鉴别黄连木性别的有效指标。     

NaCl胁迫对结荚期菜用大豆叶片游离态多胺水平的影响

采用蛭石栽培,在100mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫下,对耐盐性不同的2个菜用大豆[Glycinemax(L.)Merr.]品种结荚期干物质积累、单株产量及叶片游离态多胺(PAs)水平的变化进行了研究。结果表明:NaCl胁迫显著降低了菜用大豆植株干重及单株产量,但耐盐品种"绿领特早"的降幅低于盐敏感品种"理想高产95-1";与"理想高产95-1"相比,"绿领特早"叶片在整个NaCl胁迫期间均维持了相对较低的H2O2含量、游离态腐胺(Put)含量及较高的游离态亚精胺(Spd)含量,在胁迫6～15d期间维持了相对较高的游离态精胺(Spm)含量、(Spd+Spm)/Put值及较低的Put/PAs值。说明耐盐品种"绿领特早"叶片具有较强的由游离态Put向游离态Spd和Spm转化的能力,维持了较低的游离态Put含量和较高的游离态Spd及Spm含量,进而抑制了活性氧过量积累。     

外源多胺对盆栽花生盐胁迫的缓解作用

为探讨外源多胺对花生(Arachis hypogaea)抗盐性的影响, 以盆栽花生‘花育22’为试验材料, 通过叶面喷施1 mmol·L^-1腐胺(Put)、1 mmol·L^-1亚精胺(Spd)、1 mmol·L^-1精胺(Spm)的方法, 研究多胺对150 mmol·L^-1 NaCl胁迫下盆栽花生的缓解作用。结果表明, 与对照(CK)相比, 盐胁迫显著抑制了花生植株的生长与荚果产量, 降低了叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶活性, 丙二醛(MDA)含量、叶片相对电导率增加; 在盐胁迫下, 叶面喷施Put、Spd、Spm处理均可有效促进花生植株的生长, 提高了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性, 增强植株抗氧化能力, 显著降低了花生叶片相对电导率和MDA的积累量, 从而缓解盐胁迫对质膜的过氧化伤害; 提高了叶绿素含量, 促进了植株高度的生长与分支数增多, 增加了干物质积累量, 从而提高了花生荚果产量; 其中, Spm处理引起的变化幅度大于Spd和Put处理。研究结果说明, 多胺有利于花生幼苗在盐胁迫下活性氧代谢和光合色素含量的提高, 促进花生植株的生长, 降低盐胁迫对花生植株的抑制作用, 且Spm处理的效果最好。     

钙对渗透胁迫下玉米幼苗内源激素和多胺含量的影响(简报)

渗透胁迫下,玉米幼苗叶片中内源ABA含量增加,乙烯在较短时间内出现峰值,叶中腐胺（Put）、亚精胺（Spd）和精胺（Spm）先降后升。喷施CaCl2水溶液后叶中ABA增加的起始时间延迟,乙烯释放量减少,Put、Spd、Spm含量均增高。     

氯化钠胁迫对南瓜根系游离态多胺含量和活性氧水平的影响

以中国南瓜杂交种‘360.3×112.2’和黑籽南瓜为试验材料,在营养液栽培条件下研究了NaCl胁迫对两种南瓜植株生长、根系活性氧水平和游离态多胺含量的影响.结果表明,NaCl胁迫10 d后,与对照相比,两种南瓜植株生长都受到明显抑制,但中国南瓜杂交种比黑籽南瓜植株的耐盐性强.NaCl胁迫使南瓜根系O₂^-·产生速率和H₂O₂含量提高,且黑籽南瓜的O₂^-·产生速率和H₂O₂含量高于中国南瓜杂交种.两种南瓜根系中腐胺(Put)、亚精胺(Spd)、精胺(Spm)和多胺(PAs)含量及Put/PAs高于对照,并呈现先升后降的趋势;根系中（Spd+Spm）/Put低于对照,呈现先降后升的趋势.中国南瓜杂交种根系中Put含量和Put/PAs低于黑籽南瓜,而Spd、Spm含量和（Spd+Spm）/Put高于黑籽南瓜.表明两种南瓜根系中多胺含量的升高对减少或清除组织中的活性氧有积极作用,Put向Spd、Spm的转化有利于增强植株的耐盐性;中国南瓜杂交种‘360.3×112.2’的耐盐性高于黑籽南瓜与其根系中Put/PAs较低、（Spd+Spm）/Put和PAs含量较高,使其清除活性氧能力较强有关.     

Involvement of polyamines, abscisic acid and anti-oxidative enzymes in adaptation of Blue Panicgrass (Panicum antidotale Retz.) to saline environments

A hydroponic experiment was conducted to assess the possible involvement of polyamines (PAs), abscisic acid (ABA) and anti-oxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in adaptation of six populations of Panicum antidotale Retz. to selection pressure (soil salinity) of a wide range of habitats. Plants of six populations were collected from six different habitats with ECe ranging from 3.39 to 19.23 dS m⁻¹ and pH from 7.65 to 5.86. Young tillers from 6-month-old plants were transplanted in plastic containers each containing 10 l of half strength Hoagland's nutrient solution alone or with 150 mol m⁻³ NaCl. After 42 days growth, contents of polyamines (Put, Spd and Spm) and ABA, and the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT) of all populations generally increased under salt stress. The populations collected from highly saline habitats showed a greater accumulation of polyamines and ABA and the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes as compared to those from mild or non-saline habitats. Moreover, Spm/Spd and Put/(Spd + Spm) ratios generally increased under salt stress. However, the populations from highly saline environments had significantly higher Spm/Spd and Put/(Spd + Spm) ratios as compared to those from mild or non-saline environments. Similarly, the populations adapted to high salinity accumulated less Na⁺ and Cl⁻ in culm and leaves, and showed less decrease in leaf K⁺ and Ca²⁺ under salinity stress. Higher activities of anti-oxidative enzymes and accumulation of polyamines and ABA, and increased Spm/Spd and Put/(Spm + Spd) ratios were found to be highly correlated with the degree of adaptability of Panicum to saline environment.     

Physiological and biochemical responses induced by lead stress in Spirodela polyrhiza

The effects of increasing lead concentration on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxides (POD) and catalase (CAT), levels of ascorbate (AsA), reduced glutathione (GSH), Pb accumulation and its influence on nutrient elements, polyamines (PAs) content, as well as activities of polyamine oxidase (PAO) and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), were investigated in Spirodela polyrhiza. POD and CAT activities increased progressively followed by a decline, while SOD activity gradually fell. The effect of Pb application on AsA content was similar to that seen for POD and CAT activities. GSH content initially rose but then declined. A significant enhancement in Pb accumulation was observed, except in the 25?μM Pb treatments. Nutrient elements were also affected. Moreover, Pb stress induced a considerable decrease in total spermidine (Spd), while the levels of total putrescine (Put) and spermine (Spm) initially increased at 25?μM Pb but then declined. Free and perchloric acid soluble conjugated (PS-conjugated) PAs contents changed in a similar way to total PAs. In addition, Pb stress induced a continuous accumulation of perchloric acid insoluble bound (PIS-bound) Spm and an initial accumulation of PIS-bound Put and Spd. The ratio of free (Spd?+?Spm)/Put significantly declined whereas the ratio of total (Spd?+?Spm)/Put rose at low Pb concentrations (25 and 50?μM). PAO activity rose gradually with an increase in Pb concentration, reaching peak values at 100?μM, while ODC activity first increased at 25?μM Pb and then declined. The results indicated that the tolerance of S. polyrhiza to Pb stress was enhanced by activating the antioxidant system, preventing the entry of the Pb ion and altering the content of polyamines.     

Involvement of polyamines,abscisic acid and anti-oxidative enzymes in adaptation of Blue Panicgrass (Panicum antidotale Retz.) to saline environments

A hydroponic experiment was conducted to assess the possible involvement of polyamines (PAs), abscisic acid (ABA) and anti-oxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in adaptation of six populations of Panicum antidotale Retz. to selection pressure (soil salinity) of a wide range of habitats. Plants of six populations were collected from six different habitats with ECe ranging from 3.39 to 19.23 dS m⁻¹ and pH from 7.65 to 5.86. Young tillers from 6-month-old plants were transplanted in plastic containers each containing 10 l of half strength Hoagland's nutrient solution alone or with 150 mol m⁻³ NaCl. After 42 days growth, contents of polyamines (Put, Spd and Spm) and ABA, and the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT) of all populations generally increased under salt stress. The populations collected from highly saline habitats showed a greater accumulation of polyamines and ABA and the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes as compared to those from mild or non-saline habitats. Moreover, Spm/Spd and Put/(Spd + Spm) ratios generally increased under salt stress. However, the populations from highly saline environments had significantly higher Spm/Spd and Put/(Spd + Spm) ratios as compared to those from mild or non-saline environments. Similarly, the populations adapted to high salinity accumulated less Na⁺ and Cl⁻ in culm and leaves, and showed less decrease in leaf K⁺ and Ca²⁺ under salinity stress. Higher activities of anti-oxidative enzymes and accumulation of polyamines and ABA, and increased Spm/Spd and Put/(Spm + Spd) ratios were found to be highly correlated with the degree of adaptability of Panicum to saline environment.     

The Relationship between Polyamines and Hormones in the Regulation of Wheat Grain Filling

The grain weight of wheat is strongly influenced by filling. Polyamines (PA) are involved in regulating plant growth. However, the effects of PA on wheat grain filling and its mechanism of action are unclear. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between PAs and hormones in the regulation of wheat grain filling. Three PAs, spermidine (Spd), spermine (Spm), and putrescine (Put), were exogenously applied, and the grain filling characteristics and changes in endogenous PA and hormones, i.e., indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), zeatin (Z) + zeatin riboside (ZR), abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ETH) and gibberellin 1+4 (GAs), were quantified during wheat grain filling. Exogenous applications of Spd and Spm significantly increased the grain filling rate and weight, but exogenous Put had no significant effects on these measures. Exogenous Spd and Spm significantly increased the endogenous Spd, Spm, Z+ZR, ABA, and IAA contents and significantly decreased ETH evolution in grains. The endogenous Spd, Spm and Z+ZR contents were positively and significantly correlated with the grain filling rate and weight of wheat, and the endogenous ETH evolution was negatively and significantly correlated with the wheat grain filling rate and weight. Based upon these results, we concluded that PAs were involved in the balance of hormones that regulated the grain filling of wheat.     

Effect of exogenous spermidine on polyamine metabolism in water hyacinth leaves under mercury stress

The influence of exogenous spermidine (Spd) on arginine decarboxylase (ADC), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), polyamine oxidase (PAO) activities and polyamines (PAs), proline contents in water hyacinth leaves under Mercury (Hg) stress was investigated after 6 days treatment. The results showed that free putrescine (Put) content increased, the contents of free spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) and the (Spd + Spm)/Put ratio in water hyacinth leaves decreased significantly with the increase of the Hg concentrations. Hg stress also disturbed the activities of ADC, ODC and PAO and caused changes on proline content. Compared to the Hg-treatment only, exogenous Spd (0.1 mM) significantly reduced the accumulation of free Put, increased the contents of free Spd and Spm and the ratio of (Spd + Spm)/Put in water hyacinth leaves. Furthermore, exogenous Spd enhanced the activities of ADC, ODC and PAO and significantly increased proline content. The PS-conjugated PAs and PIS-bound PAs changed in the same trend as free PAs. These results suggest that exogenous Spd can alleviate the metabolic disturbance of polyamines caused by Hg in water hyacinth leaves.     

Abscisic acid promotes accumulation of toxin ODAP in relation to free spermine level in grass pea seedlings (Lathyrus sativus L.).

Interrelationship among abscisic acid (ABA) content, accumulation of free polyamines and biosynthesis of beta-N-oxalyl-l-alpha,beta-diaminopropionic acid (ODAP) was studied in grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) seedlings under drought stress induced by 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG6000). Increase of ABA content occurred prior to that of ODAP and polyamine contents, and was found significantly positive correlation between ABA content and ODAP content. Addition of exogenous ABA increased ODAP content in leaves. On the other hand, pretreatment with alpha-difluoromethylarginine (DFMA), a polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor, significantly suppressed the accumulation of free putrescine (Put), free spermidine (Spd) and free spermine (Spm), which in turn inhibited biosynthesis of ODAP in well-watered leaves. Meanwhile, addition of exogenous Put alleviated DFMA-induced inhibition on the biosynthesis of Put and Spd, but did not affect the biosynthesis of Spm and ODAP in well-watered leaves. Same result was also achieved in drought-stressed leaves. Increasing accumulation of ODAP was significantly correlated with increasing Spm content (R=0.7957**) but not with that of Spd and Put. Therefore, it can be argued that ABA stimulated the biosynthesis of ODAP simultaneously with increasing the level of free Spm under drought stress condition.     

离体黄瓜子叶节花芽分化与内源激素及多胺的关系

用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定了黄瓜子叶节花芽分化期(0—6天)内源激素及多胺的变化。结果显示,子叶培养0—2天生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)、玉米素(ZT)、脱落酸(ABA)等4种内源激素均明显下降,4—5天略有上升,表明0-2天IAA、GA3和ABA的剧降有利于花原基形成,3—5天较高的ZT含量有利于花器官原基的形成。除腐胺(Put)外,精胺(Spm)、亚精胺(Spd)、尸胺(Cad)在0—1天均下降,1—4天上升,4—5天再下降,Put在0—1天急剧上升,而后持续下降,表明高水平的内源多胺总量和Put可能有利于花原基分化,2天后Spm含量上升有利于花器官原基分化,而Cad含量变化可能是区别花芽和营养芽分化的特征之一。     

多胺与香蕉抗寒性的关系的研究

人工气候箱中模拟寒潮对香蕉苗造成低温伤害,低温胁迫前用1 mmol·L-1多胺(PAs)和D-精氨酸(D-Arg)喷洒香蕉叶片。结果表明,低温胁迫后香蕉叶片内源腐胺(Put)含量下降,亚精胺(Spd)含量明显增多,精胺(Spm)比较稳定;D-Arg处理的内源多胺总量明显降低。外源Spd和Spm可以提高受冷胁迫的香蕉叶片中过氧化物酶(POD)活性、降低电解质渗漏率、增加可溶性糖和脯氨酸的含量,有助于提高香蕉的抗寒力;Put对香蕉抗寒力没有明显影响;D-Arg则有不利作用。     

Polyamines content and physiological and biochemical responses to ladder concentration of nickel stress in Hydrocharis dubia (Bl.) Backer leaves

Influence of ladder concentration of nickel (Ni) on the leaves of Hydrocharis dubia were studied after 3 days treatment. The accumulation of Ni, the content of polyamines, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA) and soluble protein, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in the leaves were investigated. The result indicated that the toxicity of Ni manifested in respective aspect of physiological and biochemical characters. Significant increase of Ni concentration in the leaf tissue was observed, which was concentration dependent. Visible symptoms of Ni toxicity: chlorosis and necrosis occurred following the 3rd day. Meantime, treatment with Ni resulted in the increase in the generation rate of O₂^•− in the leaves. SOD and CAT activities decreased significantly in response to Ni treatment, it was possibly the reason of accumulation of O₂^•−. However, a several-fold decrease in POD activities was found. Our results indicated that because of prolonged increases in O₂^•− level, oxidative damage, measured as the level of lipid peroxidation, occured in the leaves of Ni treated fronds. The changes of the content of polyamines (PAs) were also investigated in the leaves of Hydrocharis dubia. Ni treatment significantly increased the putrescine (Put) level and lowered spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) levels, thereby significantly reducing the ratio of free (Spd + Spm)/Put in leaves, which has been considered as the signal under stress. Although the trend that PS-conjugated PAs and PIS-bound PAs changed the same as free PAs, they changed in more less extent.