国产12种乌头属和18种翠雀属植物的细胞学研究

研究了12种乌头属Aconitum L．和18种翠雀属Delphinium L．植物的染色体。在12种乌头属植物中,除粗花乌头A．crassiflorum为四倍体(2n=4x=32)外,其他种类都为二倍体(2n=2x＝16),中甸乌头 A.piepunense中有B染色体存在,牛扁亚属Aconitum subgen．Lycoctonum的二倍体植物与乌头亚属Aconitum subgen．Aconitum 植物的染色体在大小和形态上有明显区别;所有18种翠雀属植物都为二倍体(2n＝2x=16),其染色体在大小和形态上极为相似,但与乌头亚属的染色体易于区别。翠雀属植物的核型不对称性程度明显高于乌头属植物,因此从染色体证据来看,翠雀属要比乌头属进化。     

Cytologyof 12 species in Aconitum L. and of 18 species in Delphinium L. of the tribe Delphineae (Ranunculaceae) from China

Cytology of 12 species in Aconitum L. and of 18 species in Delphinium L. of the tribe Delphineae (Ranunculaceae) from China have been investigated. Only A. crassiflorum is a tetraploid with the chromosome number of 2n = 32, and all the other Aconitum species studied are diploids with 2n = 16. In A. piepunense, up to six B-chromosomes were observed. All the Delphinium species are diploids with 2n = 16; their karyotypes are very similar among the species, and are distinctly distinguishable from those of Aconitum species with respect to the chromosome size, chromosome morphology and karyotype asymmetry. From a cytological view, Delphinium seems to be more advanced than Aconitum, as the karyotypes in Delphinium are more asymmetric than those in Aconi-tum.     

中国毛茛科植物小志(十九)

本文描述了中国毛茛科的四新种和四新变种,做出三新组合,报导了Delphinium tabatae, Thalictrum petatoideum,和Callianthemum cuneilobum的新分布,恢复了Delphinium eriostylum<.i> Lévl.的种的等级,将Delphinium grandiflorum L.var.glandulosum W.T.Wang处理为同物异名。     

Delphinium nortonii Dunn的重新描述

通过检查藏南翠雀花Delphinium nortonii 的主模式标本,发现《中国植物志》、《西藏植物志》和《Flora of China》中对该种的鉴定和描述有误。该种的花的退化雄蕊黑褐色,属于翠雀亚属的密花翠雀花组subgen. Delphinastrum sect. Elatopsis, 而上述几种植物志中长1以来将其置于退化雄蕊为蓝色或蓝紫色的翠雀组sect. Delphinastrum中。这几种植物志中记载的D. nortonii 实际上代表一个新种,即李恒翠雀花D. lihengianum。     

A new Delphinium subsp. firom Formentera (Balearic Islands)

A new subspecies, Delphinium pentagynum subsp. formsnteranum N. Torres, L. Sáez, Rosselló & C. Blanché, is described from the island of Formentera (pytiusic Islands, Balearic archipelago). The new plant differs typical D. pentagynum by the narrower sepals and smaller size of the corolla, spur, and follicles. Both D. pentagynum subsp. pentagynum and D. pentagynum subsp. formenteranum have 2n= 16 chromosomes and share similar karyotypes. The new taxon is regarded as a schizoendemic and dry island vicariant of Iberian and North African populations of D. pentagynum subsp. pentagynum which probably evolved under insular isolation. After revision of its conservation status, it should be considered as critically endangered (CR) following the IUCN criteria.     

Development of STS and CAPS markers for identification of three tall larkspurs (Delphinium spp.).

One cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) and nine sequence tagged site (STS) markers were developed for identifying tall larkspur (Delphinium spp.) plants in three species based on the DNA sequence of known species-specific RAPD markers. Four STS markers were used for identification of Delphinium occidentale, three STS markers for Delphinium barbeyi, and one CAPS and two STS markers for Delphinium glaucum. One hundred sixty-six individual plants collected at 19 locations in the western U.S.A. were tested using the STS and CAPS markers. Over 95% of the D. occidentale plants contained all four D. occidentale specific STS markers, whereas the remaining plants contained three of the four STS markers. Approximately 97% of D. barbeyi plants contained all three D. barbeyi specific STS markers, and the rest had two of the three STS markers. A small percentage of D. barbeyi plants contained one D. occidentale specific STS marker. Hybrid populations were characterized as having more D. occidentale specific than D. barbeyi specific STS markers, suggesting that the three hybrid populations are composed not of F1 hybrid plants of the parental species but of segregating offspring of different generations from original hybrids. This set of STS and CAPS markers for larkspur species should be useful in classification of unknown plant materials and the identification of hybrid populations.     

Alkaloidal Constituents from Aerial Parts of Delphinium grandiflorum L.

Seven diterpenoid alkaloids were isolated from the aerial parts of Delphinium grandiflorum L., including six known ones as anhweidelphinine (Ⅰ), 14-dehydrodelcosine (Ⅱ), delsoline (Ⅲ), methyllycaconitine (Ⅳ), lycoctonine (Ⅴ) and delphatine (Ⅵ). The compound Ⅶ, which is now referred to as grandiflorine, is a new alkaloid and its structure was determined by means of spectral analysis and chemical transformation as well.     

国产毛茛科翠雀属中一个误用的学名

Delphinium teniiL啨vl.长期以来被用作我国云南西北部一种常见的花序轴和花梗无毛的翠雀的学名。检查模式标本后发现其花序轴和花梗均密被反曲短柔毛,因此D.tenii与四川和云南相当广布的康定翠雀D.tatsienense Franch.没有本质区别,应将D.tenii处理为康定翠雀的异名。以前鉴定为Delphinium tenii的植物的正确学名应当是中甸翠雀D.yuanum Chen。     

Reviews of publications

Insects-Plants. Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Insect—Plant Relationships, Pau, France, 1986, edited by V. Labeyrie, G. Fabres & D. Lachaise. Dordrecht: W. Junk, 1987
In vitro Culture of Higher Plants , by R. L. M. Pierik     

Contribution to the taxonomy and nomenclature of the vascular plants of Morocco

ROMO, A. M., 1992. Contribution to the taxonomy and nomenclature of the vascular plants of Morocco. As a result of studies on the flora of Morocco, a number of new taxa and a series of new nomenclature combinations are proposed which are more in line with current knowledge. Three new taxa are described: Dianthus atlantica from the Great Atlas; Ranunculus spicatus Desf. subsp. fontqueri Romo, endemic to Er Rif, and a hybrid: Saxifraga × fontqueri Romo (= S. crenata Psau & Font Quer × Saxifraga globulifera Desf.). The following new combinations are made: Astragalus gombo Cosson & Durieu subsp. pseudogombo (Fernandez Casas) Romo, Avenula bromoides (Gouan) H. Scholz subsp. cincinnatus (Ten.) Romo, Chaenorrhinum origanifolium (L.) Fourr. subsp. flexuosum (Desf.) Romo, Digitalis laciniata Lindley subsp. riphaea (Pau & Font Quer) Romo, Digitalis purpurea subsp. mauretanica (Humbert & Maire) Romo, Lavandula pedunculata Miller subsp. atlantica (Braun-Blanquet) Romo, Paeonia coriacea Boiss. var. maroccana (Pau & Font Quer) Romo, Sideritis arborescens Bentham subsp. antiallantica (Maire) Romo.     

Genetic diversity in the endangered dysploid larkspur Delphinium bolosii and its close diploid relatives in the series Fissa of the Western Mediterranean area

Allozyme diversity was evaluated in four closely-related taxa of the Delphinium series Fissa distributed throughout the Western Mediterranean area. All are considered threatened plants. Delphinium bolosii and Delphinium mansanetianum are narrowly endemic to the Eastern Iberian Peninsula, whereas Delphinium fissum ssp. sordidum is found in a few populations across the Peninsula. Delphinium fissum ssp. fissum is more widely distributed but often in small and isolated populations. In this group, Delphinium bolosii is dysploid (2 n  = 18) whereas the other taxa are diploid (2 n  = 16). A total of 12 populations were surveyed, including all known locations for D. bolosii , D. mansanetianum , and D. fissum ssp. sordidum . Eleven enzyme systems were assayed and 15 loci were resolved. Markedly depauperate values for genetic diversity were obtained for D. mansanetianum ( H _e = 0.013) and D. fissum ssp. sordidum ( H _e = 0.044). The estimates for D. fissum ssp. fissum ( H _e = 0.071) were below the values expected for widespread species. Small population size and marginal distribution have probably contributed to the low variability observed in this group. By contrast, D. bolosii exhibited comparatively larger populations and greater genetic diversity ( H _e = 0.138). We suggest that, apart from population size and local adaptation, genetic diversity during speciation may have been promoted by dysploidy through genomic recombination.  © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 92 , 773–784.     

中国毛茛科植物小志(廿一)

（１）对Ｐ．Ａ．Ｍｕｎｚ１９６７～１９６８年发表的关于亚洲翠雀属一文中的多数错误鉴定逐一加以改正;（２）从Ｍｕｎｚ鉴定错误的标本中发现了４新种和１新变种;（３）在发现了浅裂菟葵的具花标本之后,补充了该种花的描述;（４）在研究了ｈａｌｉｃｔｒｕｍｌａｘｕｍＵｌｂｒ．的等模式之后,认为该种不能成立,应是Ｔ．ｒｏｂｕｓｔｕｍＭａｘｉｍ．的异名;（５）描述１铁线莲属新种     

Genetic characterization of the natural hybrid species Phytophthora alni as inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analyses

The different subspecies of Phytophthora alni, P. alni subsp. alni (Paa), P. alni subsp. uniformis (Pau), and P. alni subsp. multiformis (Pam), are recent and widespread pathogens of alder in Europe. They are believed to be a group of emergent heteroploid hybrids between two phylogenetically close Phytophthora species. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analyses were performed, using a broad collection of P. alni and two closely related species, P. cambivora and P. fragariae. Paa possesses three different alleles for each of the nuclear genes we studied, two of which are present in Pam as well, whereas the third matches the single allele present in Pau. Moreover, Paa displays common mtDNA patterns with both Pam and Pau. A combination of the data suggests that Paa may have been generated on several occasions by hybridization between Pam and Pau, or their respective ancestors. Pau might have P. cambivora as a species ancestor, whereas Pam seems to have either been generated itself by an ancient reticulation or by autopolyploidization.     

Dianthramide glucosides from tissue cell cultures of Delphinium staphisagria L

Tissue cell cultures of Delphinium staphisagria L. produced three dianthramide glucosides N-(2'-beta-glucopyranosylsalicyl)-5-hydroxyanthranilic acid methyl ester, N-(2'-beta-glucopyranosyl-5'-methoxysalicyl)-5-hydroxyanthranilic acid methyl ester and N-(2'-beta-glucopyranosyl-5'-hydroxysalicyl)-5-hydroxy-6-methoxyanthranilic acid methyl ester, together with known methyl esters of N-salicylanthranilic acid and N-(2'-beta-glucopyranosyl-5'-hydroxysalicyl)-5-hydroxyanthranilic acid. Structures of the glucosides were established by MS, 1-D and 2-D NMR techniques.     

A further correction to the misidentifications of the Chinese Delphinium made by P.A.Munz in his“A synopsis of the Asian species of Delphinium，sensu stricto

Based on examination of the specimens of the genus Delphinium L.deposited in K,BM and GH,this paper is to further correct the misidentifications of the Chinese Delphinium made by P.A.Munz in his paper entitled“A synopsis of the Asian species of Delphiniu     

Taxonomic implications of diterpene alkaloids in three toxic tall larkspur species (Delphinium spp.)

The diterpene alkaloid content was used to assess the chemical taxonomic diversity in three larkspur species. Samples (n=163) were collected from 18 different locations in five western states, extracted and analyzed for diterpene alkaloids using electrospray mass spectrometry. The data were statistically analyzed using canonical discriminant analysis and analysis of variance. Delphinium glaucum samples were easily grouped and were significantly different from all other groups (P<0.005) for two compounds. Delphinium barbeyi and Delphinium occidentale were found to be distinct groups, but more closely related. Samples representing a putative hybrid between D. barbeyi and D. occidentale were found to be closely related to D. occidentale, but were significantly different from all other groups. These data support the classification of D. glaucum, D. barbeyi, and D. occidentale as distinct species and suggest that a possible hybrid is more similar to D. occidentale than D. barbeyi.     

Ecological germination requirements of the aggregate species Teucrium pumilum (Labiatae) endemic to Spain

Teucrium pumilum L., T. lepicephalum Pau, T. libanitis Schreber, T. turredanum Losa & Rivas Goday, and T. carolipaui Vicioso ex Pau (Labiatae) constitute an aggregate included in the Pumilum subsection (Polium section). These species are endemic and geographically restricted to central and south-eastern Spain. They grow under different climatic conditions and have different edaphic requirements, particularly the gypsum and lime affinities. The effects of some ecological factors (i.e. edaphic and climatic factors) on the germination parameters of these Teucrium species were investigated. The species under study differed in their germination behaviour. The majority of the germination parameters appeared more correlated to edaphic than to climatic factors and particularly to the water availability in the soil. The calcicolous T. carolipaui, which grows in the driest habitat, had a more rapid germination than the gypsophilous species. This could be due to the existence of a narrower optimal germination period for T. carolipaui. The different germination requirements of these species of Teucrium are important results to be considered in conservation programs of these endemic and endangered taxa. Section Editor: H. Lambers     

A phylogeny of Delphinieae (Ranunculaceae) shows that Aconitum is nested within Delphinium and that Late Miocene transitions to long life cycles in the Himalayas and Southwest China coincide with bursts in diversification

The tribe Delphinieae (Ranunculaceae) comprises two species-rich genera, Aconitum and Delphinium, the latter including Consolida and Aconitella. The 650-700 species are distributed in Eurasia and North America; three species occur on tropical African mountains. Maximum likelihood analyses of 2088 aligned nucleotides of plastid and nuclear sequences obtained from up to 185 species of Delphinieae from throughout the geographic range (plus relevant outgroups) show that three short-lived (facultative annual or biennial) Mediterranean species belonging to Delphinium subgenus Staphisagria are the sister clade to all other Delphinieae, implying that Staphisagria needs to be raised to genus status if Delphinium and Aconitum are to become mutually monophyletic. Molecular clock dating suggests an origin of the sampled Delphinieae in the Early Oligocene (c. 32.3 Ma) and expansion to North America of Aconitum and Delphinium around 3.3 and 2.9 Ma ago, respectively; the East African Mts. were reached by long-distance dispersal some 2.4 Ma ago, coincident with the major uplift of the East African Rift system. The ancestral growth form of the Delphinieae could not be reconstructed, but Late Miocene bursts in diversification rates in the Himalayan and southwestern Chinese clades of Aconitum and Delphinium appear to be associated with transitions from short-lived to long-lived life histories.