电刺激红核对大鼠脊髓背角WDR神经元伤害性反应的影响

红核 (ＲＮ)作为锥体外系的一个重要核团 ,其主要功能是调节肌紧张和屈肌反射 ,但有文献报道红核与感觉调制有关 ,电刺激红核可以抑制猫脊髓背角神经元的活动。电刺激红核可以抑制猫下橄榄核神经元的感觉反应。近年来又有资料表明红核和伤害信息的处理有关 ,Ｐｒａｄｏ等以甩尾反射为痛指标发现电刺激红核产生的镇痛作用比中脑导水管周围灰质和黑质诱发的镇痛作用更强。刘敏芝等以甩尾反射为痛指标发现红核具有镇痛和加强电针镇痛的作用。到目前为止 ,在仅有的几篇关于红核参与伤害性信息的调制的研究中 ,以行为实验为主 ,本研究旨在以大鼠…     

肌梭传入对呼吸的调节作用

实验用６３只麻醉、制动、切断双侧颈迷走神经、人工呼吸的家兔,以延髓呼吸相关神经元（ＲＲＮ）和膈神经放电（Ｐｈｒ．Ｄ）作为呼吸观测指标,观察了股动脉注射琥珀胆碱（Ｓｃｈ）诱发的肌梭传入活动对呼吸的影响。结果显示：（１）股动脉注射Ｓｃｈ可产生明显的呼吸易化作用,主要表现为吸气时程（Ｔｉ）延长、呼气时程（Ｔｅ）缩短不明显,Ｔｉ／Ｔｅ比值增加以及呼吸频率（ＲＦ）变化不在,称为吸气延长效应;或Ｔｅ缩短,Ｔｉ     

刺激下丘脑弓状核或垂体前叶对丘脑束旁核神经元伤害性反应的抑制

采用电生理学方法,观察电刺激大鼠下丘脑弓状核（ＡＲＣ）或垂体前叶（ＡＬ）,对丘脑束旁核（Ｐｆ）神经元伤害性反应的影响。实验结果表明,电刺激ＡＲＣ能抑制Ｐｆ神经元的伤害性放电,这种抑制很快出现,也很快恢复,称为即时抑制。电刺激Ａ辄能抑制Ｐｆ神经元的伤害性放电,这种抑制的出现有一定的潜伏期,并持续较长时间,称为延迟抑制。摘除垂体减弱刺激ＡＲＣ的即时抑制,而损毁ＡＲＣ则减弱刺激ＡＬ的延迟抑制。地塞米松预     

肌梭结构和功能的研究进展

肌梭是骨骼肌内一种重要的本体感受器,参与肌紧张的维持和对随意运动的精细调节。本文对肌梭的形态结构、梭内肌纤维的分类及其神经支配、电生理特性、各型梭内肌纤维的功能特点、梭内肌纤维的组织化学特性、肌梭的分化发育、药物及其他因素对肌梭影响等方面的新进展进行了综述。     

肌梭结构和功能的研究进展

肌梭是骨骼肌内一种重要的本体感受器,参与肌紧张的维持和对随意运动的精细调节.本文对肌梭的形态结构、梭内肌纤维的分类及其神经支配、电生理特性、各型梭内肌纤维的功能特点、梭内肌纤维的组织化学特性、肌梭的分化发育、药物及其他因素对肌梭的影响等方面的新进展进行了综述.     

尾核阿片μ受体参与电针及皮层SmⅠ区对束旁核伤害性反应的抑制

为探索尾核（ｃａｕｄａｔｅｎｕｃｌｅｕｓ,Ｃｄ）是否参与电针及皮层体感运动Ⅰ区（ｓｅｎｓｏｒｉｍｏｔｏｒａｒｅａⅠｏｆｔｈｅｃｅｒｅｂｒａｌｃｏｒｔｅｘ,ＳｍⅠ）对束旁核（ｐａｒａｆａｓｃｉｃｕｌａｒｎｕｃｌｅｕｓ,Ｐｆ）神经元伤害性反应的调节,以及Ｃｄ中阿片受体是否参与并通过何种受体参与这一调节,本实验用Ｃｄ头部化学毁损及微量注射阿片受体拮抗剂的方法,观察到Ｃｄ毁损前电针及兴奋皮层均可抑制Ｐｆ的伤害性反应,而毁损后这种抑制效应消失;注射纳洛酮或阿片μ受体拮抗剂βＦＮＡ后,电针及兴奋皮层ＳｍⅠ区对Ｐｆ伤害性反应的抑制作用被取消,而分别注射δ和κ受体拮抗剂ＩＣＩ１７４,８６４和ｎｏｒＢＮＩ则不产生影响。基于已证明大脑皮层参与电针对Ｐｆ伤害性反应的调节,本结果提示：Ｃｄ参与针刺镇痛中皮层ＳｍⅠ区对Ｐｆ神经元伤害性反应的抑制,Ｃｄ中阿片肽主要通过μ受体参与抑制作用。     

大鼠比目鱼肌梭内肌纤维的分离方法

梭囊的存在限制了人们对肌梭功能及其机制的深入研究,本研究旨在建立将梭内肌纤维从梭囊中分离出来的方法。应用混合酶液消化的方法,分离大鼠比目鱼肌的梭内肌纤维,使用不同的培养基溶液进行培养,用台盼蓝染色法检测细胞活性,用膜片钳技术检测静息膜电位。结果显示,氨基酸-生理盐溶液中梭内肌纤维几乎全部坏死,DMEM培养基虽能较好地维持细胞状态,但是对CO2含量要求较高,而Leiboviz’s 15(L-15)培养基能够维持梭内肌纤维的正常形态和功能达1～2h;和常规处理过的盖玻片相比,用明胶-多聚赖氨酸-血清处理过的盖玻片上梭内肌纤维更易贴壁;分离出的梭内肌纤维静息膜电位为(45.3±5.1)mV,显示纤维的功能状态良好,能够满足电生理实验的要求。本研究为进一步研究梭内肌纤维的功能及其机制奠定了良好的方法学基础。     

纳洛酮和阿托品翻转电针抑制关节炎大鼠束旁核神经元伤害性反应的…

用急性佐剂性关节炎大鼠作为病理性疼痛的实验模型,以丘脑束旁核中对伤害性刺激发生兴奋反应的单位放电作为指标,观察电针的影响,并分析其机制,实验发现电针能明显抑制伤害性反应,脑室注射阿片受体阻断剂纳洛酮或Ｍ受体阻断剂阿托品均能翻转电针的这种抑制作用。实验还发现脑室注射纳洛酮或阿托品对关节炎大鼠束裤核神经元自发放电有增频作用。实验结果提示：电针对关节炎大鼠丘脑束旁核神经元伤害性反应的抑制,可能是通过脑内     

核梭杆菌与其它口腔细菌共聚及共聚抑制

目的：探讨核梭杆菌与其它口腔细菌共聚模式及共聚抑制的方法。方法：通过目测、比色和电镜进行观察。结果：证实细菌共聚具特异性。核梭杆菌能与牙龈卟啉菌、血链球菌和变链球菌发生共聚,可形成共聚桥,证实核梭杆菌是早、晚期定植菌的的粘接桥。经热处理后,核梭杆菌丧失共聚能力,而后三菌均保持原有的共聚能力。乳糖和Ｌ－鼠李糖对它们有解聚作用。结论：牙菌斑中存在细菌共聚,经过一定处理后共聚可解除。本研究为生态防治牙周病提供理论依据。     

Central distribution of nociceptive intradental afferent nerve fibers in the rat

The central distribution of intradental afferent nerve fibers was investigated by combining electron microscopic observations with a selective method for inducing degeneration of the A delta- and C-type afferent fibers. Degenerating terminals were found on the proprioceptive mesencephalic trigeminal neurons and on dendrites in the neuropil of the trigeminal motor nucleus after application of capsaicin to the rat's lower incisor tooth pulp. The results give anatomical evidence of new sites of central projection of intradental A delta- and C-type fibers whereby the nociceptive information from the tooth pulp can affect jaw muscle activity.     

电损毁大鼠杏仁中央核对脑桥臂旁核味觉神经元的影响

应用细胞外记录的电生理学方法,在乌拉坦麻醉的大鼠观察了电损毁双侧杏仁中央核前后脑桥臂旁核味觉神经元对四种基本味觉刺激(即氯化钠、盐酸、奎宁和蔗糖)反应的变化。根据对味觉刺激的优势反应,29个记录的味觉神经元中,有14个NaCl优势、9个HCl优势、3个QH2SO4优势和3个蔗糖优势反应神经元。损毁杏仁中央核明显增强臂旁核味觉神经元对盐酸和硫酸奎宁的反应(P＜0．01)。氯化钠优势、盐酸优势和奎宁优势反应神经元对盐酸和硫酸奎宁的反应在电损毁杏仁中央核后也明显增强。在破坏杏仁中央核后,臂旁核味觉神经元对氯化钠和硫酸奎宁苦味的分辨能力降低。以上结果提示,杏仁中央核在大鼠脑桥水平的味觉编码中发挥重要作用,它可能是通过参与对味觉的影响来调节机体的摄食行为。     

Detection of deterministic behavior within the tissue injury-induced persistent firing of nociceptive neurons in the dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord

To unravel the temporal features of the peripheral tissue injury induced persistent nociceptive discharge, single wide dynamic range (WDR) unit activity was recorded extracellularly in lumbar dorsal horn of anesthetized rats and interspike interval (ISI) series were obtained. Subcutaneous (s.c.) bee venom (BV) injection induced persistent discharge of spinal WDR neurons and has been well established to be a good model in evaluation of tissue injury induced pain. By applying a more novel approach, i.e., the unstable periodic orbit (UPO) identification method, we detected a family of significant separate UPOs (period-1, 2 and 3 orbits) within the ISI series of BV-induced nociceptive discharge, but not spontaneous background activity of spinal WDR neuron. Furthermore, temporally dynamic changes of UPOs at lower period-1, 2 and 3 for 4 successive time segments within 1 h time course of WDR unit firing showed temporally dynamic changes, i.e., new orbits with longer ISIs emerged and those with shorter ISIs vanished with time change. By using this method we suggest that BV-induced nociceptive discharge of spinal WDR neuron be a kind of deterministic activity and various UPOs may play some role in temporal coding of sensory information.     

大鼠脊髓背角神经元痛放电确定性行为的年龄相关变化

为阐明脊髓背角神经元痛放电的年龄相关的动力学变化,本研究采用非线性预报方法,对两组不同年龄大鼠(成年青龄鼠3～4月龄,老年鼠＞22月龄)组织损伤诱发的脊髓背角神经元痛放电峰峰间期序列进行了确定性行为的定量分析.结果显示,皮下注入蜜蜂毒,在两组大鼠均诱发脊髓背角广动力域神经元长时程放电,而老龄大鼠的痛放电峰峰间期序列表现出更高的可确定性.本研究表明,单个神经元的痛放电动力学在整个生命过程中并不是恒定不变的,伤害性神经元活动的年龄相关动力学变化可能是老年人群中多样化痛反应的内在机制之一.     

脚内核在电针镇痛及兴奋尾壳核镇痛中的作用

用行为学和电生理学的方法 ,探讨脚内核在电针镇痛及兴奋尾壳核镇痛中的作用。脚内核微量注射红藻氨酸 7d后 ,电针对辐射热引起的大鼠缩腿潜伏期无明显影响 ,电针或兴奋尾壳核对丘脑束旁核神经元的伤害性反应亦无明显影响。与正常对照组电针或兴奋尾壳核产生的抑制作用相比有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;与脚内核微量注射生理盐水 7d后 ,电针可提高大鼠缩腿潜伏期 ,及电针或兴奋尾壳核对束旁核神经元伤害性反应的抑制作用相比 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。上述结果提示 ,脚内核在电针及兴奋尾壳核镇痛中发挥重要作用     

阿片受体在大鼠丘脑中央下核和顶盖前区前核介导电针镇痛中的不同作用

本文旨在研究阿片受体是否参与丘脑中央下核(nucleus submedius,Sm)和顶盖前区前核(anterior pretectal nucleus,APtN)所介导的不同强度电针的镇痛作用。以辐射热诱发甩尾(tail flick,TF)反射潜伏期为伤害性反应的指标,观察了Sm和APtN微量注射阿片受体拮抗剂纳洛酮对不同强度电针“足三里”穴(St．36)抑制大鼠TF反射的效应。结果表明,Sm给予纳洛酮(1．0μg,0．5μl)阻断强电针(5mA)对TF反射的抑制效应,而对弱电针(0．5mA)的效应无明显影响;相反,APtN给予纳洛酮阻断弱电针对TF反射的抑制效应,而对强电针的效应无明显影响;纳洛酮供给到Sm或APtN邻近其它脑区对强、弱电针的效应均无影响。这些结果提示,Sm内的阿片受体参与介导强电针兴奋细传入纤维(A-δ和C类)产生的镇痛,而APtN内的阿片受体则介导弱电针兴奋粗传入纤维(A-β类)产生的镇痛。     

The interstitial system of the trigeminal spinal tract projects to the red nucleus in mice

We studied projections from the interstitial system of the spinal trigeminal tract (InSy-S5T) to the red nucleus of the mouse with retrograde tracers (fluorogold and latex microbeads impregnated with rhodamine and fluorescein). Injections in the magnocellular part of the red nucleus caused labeling of cells in the rostral, intermediate, and caudal paratrigeminal nucleus (Pa5), dorsal paramarginal nucleus (PaMD), insular trigemeo-lateral cuneate nucleus (I5CuL), and the trigeminal extension of the parvocellular reticular formation (5RPC). All projections were bilateral, but contralateral projections were stronger. The number of retrogradely labeled cells in the InSy-S5T in 3-, 6-, and 12-month-old mice was similar. Injections restricted to the parvocellular red nucleus did not label the nuclei of the InSy-S5T. This projection from the InSy-S5T to the red nucleus may mediate modulation of the facial muscles by pain and other sensory information.     

Daily fluctuations of nucleoli in neurosecretory cells of the rat supraoptic nucleus

Summary Daily fluctuations of nucleoli and nucleolar fibrillar centres in neurosecretory cells from the supraoptic nucleus (SON) were investigated in rats artificially synchronized for 3 weeks to a set 12 h light/12 h dark cycle with free access to food and water. Groups of 3 animals were sacrificed by intracardiac perfusion every 4 h for a 24-h period and every 2 h between 22.00 h and 07.00 h. The SON of each animal was removed, and the mean nucleolar volume and the mean volume of the nucleolar fibrillar centres were estimated by a stereological analysis. The quantitative data showed that the fluctuations in the nucleolar volume of SON neurons depend on the time of sacrifice. A peak value was found in animals sacrificed at 03.00 h which was 1.5 times the value found in animals sacrificed at 19.00 h. The volume of fibrillar centres underwent small, but not significant changes over the 24-h period. None of the large fibrillary centres that can be observed in the superior cervical ganglion were found in the SON. Our results demonstrate that in these neurons the size of the nucleolus undergoes daily fluctuations. These results are discussed in the light of previous studies conducted at our laboratory on the circadian rhythm of nucleolar volume and of nucleolar components in neurons of the superior cervical ganglion.     

大鼠单一肌梭的电生理特征

本研究旨在观察大鼠单一肌梭的电生理特征.从大鼠比目鱼肌中分离单一肌梭,用空气隔绝法观察大鼠单一肌梭感觉末梢在不同液体环境中的放电活动.结果显示:在基础生理盐水溶液中,大鼠单一肌梭的自发放电频率很低,平均(51.78±25.63) impulse/1000s(n=13);在加有适量氨基酸的生理盐水溶液中,其自发放电频率明...     

Light- and electron microscopic localization of vasopressin or a vasopressin-like substance in the neurons of the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus

Summary In the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the rat light microscopic immunostaining for vasopressin reveals a distribution pattern of the immunoreactive material different from that known for the supraoptic nucleus. Among non-stained neurons positive-reacting perikarya display a cap- or tiplike labeling. The area of the suprachiasmatic nucleus is marked by delicate vasopressin-positive fibers. At the ultrastructural level the reaction product, after incubation with anti-vasopressin, is localized in small elementary granules unevenly distributed over the cytoplasm. Groups of axons containing specifically labeled granules contact non-reacting fibers.Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Grant Nr. Kr. 569/2) and Stiftung Volkswagenwerk