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1.
Lahlali R Bajii M Jijakli MH 《Communications in agricultural and applied biological sciences》2007,72(4):973-982
Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most important limiting factors for potato production and storage in Belgium and worldwide. Its management is still strongly dependent on chemical treatments. The aim of this work was to evaluate the possibility of exploiting bacteria and fungi in order to control this pathogen. Among a collection of 220 bacterial strains isolated from different organs of healthy potato plants and rhizospheric soils, 25 isolates were selected using screening methods based on in vitro dual culture assays. The mycelial growth inhibition rate of the pathogen was ranged from 59.4 to 95.0%. Also seven fungal strains isolated from the rhizospheric soil and potato roots showed a highly mycelial growth inhibition of R. solani. The mycelial growth inhibition rate obtained with these fungi was included between 60.0 and 99.4%. From this preliminary study, the further investigations will be planned to determine the bacterial isolates systematic, species of fungal strains by using molecular tools and to assess their efficacy against R. solani in greenhouse trials. 相似文献
2.
White rot fungi (WRF) are applicable to biodegradation of recalcitrant pollutants. However, excessive biomass growth typical for WRF cultivation can hinder their large scale applications. Therefore, immobilization of Irpex lacteus to liquid-core alginate beads restricting excessive mycelium growth and simultaneously keeping high degradation rate of pollutants was tested. Effective diffusivities of dyes to the beads varied from (2.98 ± 0.69) × 10?10 to (10.27 ± 2.60) × 10?10 m2/s. Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR), Reactive Orange 16 (RO16), and Naphthol Blue Black (NBB) were used as model dyes. The immobilized fungus decolorized model dyes when applied both in microwell plates and in fluidized bed reactors. Using the microwell plates, the apparent reaction rate constants ranged from (2.06 ± 0.11) × 10?2 to (11.06 ± 0.27) × 10?2 1/h, depending on the dye used and its initial concentration. High initial concentrations negatively affected the dye decolorization rate. No fungal growth outside the beads was observed in fluidized bed reactors and thus no operational problems linked to an excessive biomass growth occurred. When RBBR was decolorized in subsequent batches in the fluidized bed reactor, the apparent reaction rate constant increased from (11.63 ± 0.35) × 10?2 to (29.26 ± 7.19) × 10?2 1/h. 相似文献
3.
Colletotrichum truncatum (Ct) was examined in a tank mix with the herbicide 2,4-D, clopyralid plus MCPA (Caurtail M®), or metribuzin (Sencor®) for control of scentless chamomile at 8- (younger) and 11-leaf stages (older) under controlled conditions. In initial trials, Ct at 7 × 106 spores/ml (200 l/ha) reduced the fresh weight of scentless chamomile only slightly. However, its combinations with herbicides improved the efficacy variably depending on the herbicide used and stage of the weeds. Ct plus 2,4-D reduced the fresh weight by about 50% at both leaf stages of scentless chamomile when compared to untreated controls but no plants were killed. The fungus plus Curtail M consistently killed younger but not older plants, and the efficacy was substantially greater than that of the herbicide alone. The herbicide Sencor was highly effective on younger plants, and adding Ct did not achieve additional benefits. On older plants, however, Ct plus Sencor was substantially more effective than the herbicide alone, causing 76% fresh-weight reduction when compared to controls and killing 9 out of 16 older plants in four trials. Sencor applied alone reduced the fresh weight of older plants by 65%, but no plants were killed. Tested at doses ranging from 2 × 106 to 20 × 106 spores/ml, Ct plus Curtail M was most effective at the highest fungal inoculum dose, consistently killing younger but not older plants. In comparison, Ct at a medium dose (7 × 106 spores/ml) plus Sencor killed the majority of older chamomile plants (7 out of 12), whereas the herbicide alone did not cause plant mortality. Further increasing fungal inoculum dose from this medium level did not enhance the weed control by Ct plus Sencor. 相似文献
4.
Methanol and flavonoid extracts (free and bound) of Marchantia polymorpha L., Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott and Ephedra foliata Boiss. were screened against three fungal plant pathogens: Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. The extracts from D. filix-mas and E. foliata showed >80% of mycelial inhibition of A. solani whereas M. polymorpha and D. filix-mas (rhizome) completely inhibited the mycelial growth of R. solani when tested at highest concentration (5 mg/ml). Inhibition of spore germination of fungi (A. solani and F. oxysporum) was observed to be 100% by most of the extracts at 10 mg/ml. Moreover, plant extracts were found effective in increasing seed germination and seed vigour simultaneously thereby decreasing the percentage of pathogen infection. The results of the present study reveal that the plants screened possess the potential to inhibit the crop fungal pathogens and further investigation is required to explore the biologically active constituents of these plants and to use them as natural plant protectants for agriculture. 相似文献
5.
Mostafa Hasanzadeh Mehrnoosh Mohammadifar Maryam Tavakol Norabadi Samaneh Dashtipoor Navazollah Sahebani Hassan Reza Etebarian 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(17):2087-2094
Environmental pollution in addition to direct damage on plant growth, with the destruction of biological control agents, causes indirect damage to plants. The aim of this research was to study the effects of different concentrations (0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm) of heavy metals including Ag, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb and Zn on the mycelial growth and to assess the fungicidal or fungistatic effects of these salts on five Nematophagus fungi including Trichoderma harzianum (T8), Trichoderma virens (T21), Trichoderma hamatum (T9), Pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia and Arthrobotrys oligospora. The results show that Ag, Co, Cu, Fe and Hg could stop the mycelium growth of all fungi, but Mn, Pb and Zn cannot inhibit the growth of these fungi completely. Among the first group, Hg and Cu stopped the growth of fungi even in 500 ppm. Among these metals that inhibit the growth of fungi, Cu has fungistatic effect and others have fungicide effect. The experiment was conducted in vitro condition, using potato dextrose agar (PDA) under complete randomised design with four replications. The data of mycelium growth were recorded at seven days after inoculation at 25 ± 2°C. 相似文献
6.
Fungal symbioses with plants are ubiquitous, ancient, and vital to both ecosystem function and plant health. However, benefits to fungal symbionts are not well explored, especially in non‐mycorrhizal fungi. The Foraging Ascomycete hypothesis proposes that some wood‐decomposing fungi may shift life‐history strategies to endophytism to bridge gaps in time and space between suitable substrates. To test this hypothesis we examine spatial relationships of Xylaria endophytic fungi in the forest canopy with Xylaria decomposer fungi on the forest floor. We sampled for fungi of the genus Xylaria using a spatially explicit sampling scheme in a remote Ecuadorian cloud forest, and concurrently carried out an extensive culture‐based sampling of fungal foliar endophytes. We found 36 species of Xylaria in our 0.5 ha plot, 31 of which were found to only occur as fruiting bodies. All five species of Xylaria found as endophytes were also found as fruiting bodies. We also tested the relationships of both stages of these fungi to environmental variables. Decomposer fungi were differentiated by species‐specific habitat preferences, with three species being found closer to water than expected by chance. In contrast, endophytes displayed no sensitivity to environmental conditions, such as host, moisture, or canopy cover. We found evidence of spatial linkage between life stages in two species. We also demonstrate that direct transmission of endophytes from leaves to woody substrates is possible. These results indicate that endophytism may represent one way for decomposer fungi to escape moisture limitation, and that endophytic fungi may act as sources of dispersal for decomposer fungi consistent with predictions of the Foraging Ascomycete hypothesis. 相似文献
7.
Samane Mohammadi Hossein Aroiee Ali Tehranifar Vahid Jahanbakhsh 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(13):1603-1610
The development of natural crop protection products as alternatives to the use of synthetic fungicides is currently popular. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antifungal effects of several essential oils against the fungal pathogens, Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer, under in vitro condition. Four essential oils (fennel, black caraway, peppermint and thyme) were each tested at five concentrations (0, 200, 400, 600 or 800 μl l?1). In vitro results showed that the essential oil of black caraway and fennel had the highest fungicidal effect against B. cinerea and R. stolonifer, respectively. The growth of B. cinerea was completely inhibited by the essential oil of black caraway at 400 μl l?1. Fennel oil perfectly inhibited growth of R. stolonifer fungus colonies at concentration higher than 600 μl L?1 in potato dextrose agar medium. Percentage of spores germination was the lowest in medium of Fennel and black caraway essential oils, and was the highest in Thyme ones. These results show that plant essential oils can have a strong effect on reducing post-harvest decay. These plant essential oils could provide an alternative to synthetic chemicals to control post-harvest phytopathogenic fungi on fruit. 相似文献
8.
Lipids created via microbial biosynthesis are a potential raw material to replace plant-based oil for biodiesel production. Oleaginous microbial species currently available are capable of accumulating high amount of lipids in their cell biomass, but rarely can directly utilize lignocellulosic biomass as substrates. Thus this research focused on the screening and selection of new fungal strains that generate both lipids and hydrolytic enzymes. To search for oleaginous fungal strains in the soybean plant, endophytic fungi and fungi close to the plant roots were studied as a microbial source. Among 33 endophytic fungal isolates screened from the soybean plant, 13 have high lipid content (>20 % dry biomass weight); among 38 fungal isolates screened from the soil surrounding the soybean roots, 14 have high lipid content. Also, five fungal isolates with both high lipid content and promising biomass production were selected for further studies on their cell growth, oil accumulation, lipid content and profile, utilization of various carbon sources, and cellulase production. The results indicate that most strains could utilize different types of carbon sources and some strains accumulated >40 % of the lipids based on the dry cell biomass weight. Among these promising strains, some Fusarium strains specifically showed considerable production of cellulase, which offers great potential for biodiesel production by directly utilizing inexpensive lignocellulosic material as feedstock. 相似文献
9.
Shazia Parveen Abdul Hamid Wani Athar Ali Ganie Shaukat Ahmad Pala Riyaz Ahmad Mir 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(3):279-284
The inhibitory activity of five plant extracts viz. Artemisia absinthium L., Rumex obtusifolius L., Taraxacum officinale Weber ex Wiggers, Plantago lanceolata L. and Malva sylvestris L. were evaluated against the mycelial growth of three fungi Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, Penicillium expansum Link ex Thom. and Mucor piriformis Fisher that cause rot diseases in fruits and vegetables resulting in low yield and quality of fruits and vegetables. Results revealed that all the concentrations of plant extracts brought about significant inhibition in the mycelial growth of these pathogenic fungi. However, the highest concentration caused maximum inhibition in the mycelial growth followed by lower concentrations of plant extracts. The extract of A. absinthium leaves at highest concentration (S) proved highly effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of all these pathogenic fungi followed by other plant extracts. These plants thus may have potential as the new natural fungicide for management of fungal rot diseases. 相似文献
10.
Oomycete pathogens that belong to the genus Phytophthora cause devastating diseases in solanaceous crops such as pepper, potato, and tobacco, resulting in crop production losses worldwide. Although the application of fungicides efficiently controls these diseases, it has been shown to trigger negative side effects such as environmental pollution, phytotoxicity, and fungicide resistance in plant pathogens. Therefore, biological control of Phytophthora-induced diseases was proposed as an environmentally sound alternative to conventional chemical control. In this review, progress on biological control of the soilborne oomycete plant pathogens, Phytophthora capsici, Phytophthora infestans, and Phytophthora nicotianae, infecting pepper, potato, and tobacco is described. Bacterial (e.g., Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Chryseobacterium, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, and Streptomyces) and fungal (e.g., Trichoderma and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) agents, and yeasts (e.g., Aureobasidium, Curvibasidium, and Metschnikowia) have been reported as successful biocontrol agents of Phytophthora pathogens. These microorganisms antagonize Phytophthora spp. via antimicrobial compounds with inhibitory activities against mycelial growth, sporulation, and zoospore germination. They also trigger plant immunity-inducing systemic resistance via several pathways, resulting in enhanced defense responses in their hosts. Along with plant protection, some of the microorganisms promote plant growth, thereby enhancing their beneficial relations with host plants. Although the beneficial effects of the biocontrol microorganisms are acceptable, single applications of antagonistic microorganisms tend to lack consistent efficacy compared with chemical analogues. Therefore, strategies to improve the biocontrol performance of these prominent antagonists are also discussed in this review. 相似文献
11.
Vivek K. Bajpai Atiqur Rahman Shruti Shukla Savita Shukla S.M. Yassir Arafat M. Amzad Hossain 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(8):801-809
The aim of the present study was to examine the efficacy of various seed extracts of Terminalia chebula as an antifungal potential against certain important plant pathogenic fungi. The organic extracts of methanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform at the used concentration of 1500 ppm/disc revealed remarkable antifungal effect as a fungal mycelial growth inhibitor against Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Phytophthora capsici and Botrytis cinerea, in the range of 41.6–61.3%, along with MIC values ranging from 62.5 to 500 μg/ml. Also, the extracts had a strong detrimental effect on spore germination of all the tested plant pathogens along with concentration as well as time-dependent kinetic inhibition of B. cinerea. The results obtained from this study suggest that the natural products derived from Terminalia chebula could become an alternative to synthetic fungicides for controlling such important plant pathogenic fungi. 相似文献
12.
Liping Yang Jiatao Xie Daohong Jiang Yanping Fu Guoqing Li Fangcan Lin 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(7):909-915
This paper reports the isolation from soil of Penicillium strain PY-1 with strong antagonistic activity against plant pathogenic fungi. On the basis of its morphological characteristics
and the sequence of the ITS region, strain PY-1 was identified as P. oxalicum. Strain PY-1 produces antifungal substances that suppress the mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and many other plant pathogenic fungi tested; the highest antagonistic activity was detected at 72 h when cultured in a 250-ml
flask containing 80 ml potato dextrose broth. Compared with carbendazim, the relative activity of the antifungal substances
produced by strain PY-1 was approximately 4 μg active ingredient (a.i.) per milliliter. The antifungal substances were extracted
with ethyl acetate and further separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); at least two active components
were discovered. The ability to control plant disease with strain PY-1 was confirmed with S. sclerotiorum, a widespread pathogenic fungus that attacks rapeseed (Brassica napus) and other plants. Spores (106 or 107 ml−1) and filtrate (tenfold diluted or undiluted) of strain PY-1 could significantly suppress infection and/or the extent of infection
by S. sclerotiorum of plants at seven-true-leaves stage. The potential of strain PY-1 for identifying new antibiotics to control fungal disease
and for biological control of plant disease, for example oilseed rape stem rot, is discussed. 相似文献
13.
R.H. Manzanilla‐López I. Esteves S.J. Powers B.R. Kerry 《The Annals of applied biology》2011,159(1):118-129
The effects of a host plant on reproduction/abundance of fungal populations in relation to soil nutrients released by plants in the rhizosphere were studied. Abundance in the soil and potato rhizosphere of the fungi Paecilomyces lilacinus, Monographella cucumerina (CABI 380408) and Pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia (Pc280, potato cyst nematode biotype) and P. chlamydosporia var. catenulata (Pc392, root‐knot nematode biotype) were assessed. The different ability of break crops (oilseed rape, sugarbeet and wheat) in the potato rotation to support Pa. lilacinus, Pochonia isolates Pc280 and Pc392 and abundance of the latter two isolates in soil and rhizosphere of potato plants infected with Meloidogyne incognita were also studied. Potato chits and crop seedlings were planted into boiling tubes containing 5000 chlamydospores or conidia g?1 in acid washed sand (pH 6) and kept in a growth chamber at 20°C, and 16 h of light for up to 9 weeks. The abundance of the fungi in sand (fallow) differed significantly between fungal species, being in general less abundant in the absence than in the presence of the plant, although there was no interaction between plant species and fungal isolate. There was evidence of a different response to Me. incognita for Pc392 than for Pc280 but there was no significant effect of the presence of the nematode on the rate of increase of the fungus. 相似文献
14.
Responses of ectomycorrhizal American elm (Ulmus
americana) seedlings to salinity and soil compaction 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
American elm (Ulmus americana) seedlings were either non-inoculated or inoculated with Hebeloma crustuliniforme, Laccaria bicolor and a mixture of the two fungi to study the effects of ectomycorrhizal associations on seedling responses to soil compaction and salinity. The seedlings were grown in the greenhouse in pots containing non-compacted (0.4 g cm?3 bulk density) and compacted (0.6 g cm?3 bulk density) soil and subjected to 60 mM NaCl or 0 mM NaCl (control) treatments for 3 weeks. All three fungal inocula had similar effects on the responses of elm seedlings to soil compaction and salt treatment. In non-compacted soil, ectomycorrhizal fungi reduced plant dry weights, root hydraulic conductance, but did not affect leaf hydraulic conductance and net photosynthesis. When treated with 60 mM NaCl, ectomycorrhizal seedlings had several-fold lower leaf concentrations of Na+ compared with the non-inoculated plants. Soil compaction reduced Na+ leaf concentrations in non-ectomycorrhizal plants and decreased dry weights, gas exchange and root hydraulic conductance. However, in ectomycorrhizal plants, soil compaction had little effect on the leaf Na+ concentrations and on other measured growth and physiological parameters. Our results demonstrated that ECM associations could be highly beneficial to plants growing in sites with compacted soil such as urban areas. 相似文献
15.
Red rice is a fermented product of Monascus spp. It is widely consumed by Malaysian Chinese who believe in its pharmacological properties. The traditional method of red rice preparation disregards safety regulation and renders red rice susceptible to fungal infestation and mycotoxin contamination. A preliminary study was undertaken aiming to determine the occurrence of mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins contamination on red rice at consumer level in Selangor, Malaysia. Fifty red rice samples were obtained and subjected to fungal isolation, enumeration, and identification. Citrinin, aflatoxin, and ochratoxin-A were quantitated by ELISA based on the presence of predominant causal fungi. Fungal loads of 1.4?×?104 to 2.1?×?106?CFU/g exceeded Malaysian limits. Monascus spp. as starter fungi were present in 50 samples (100 %), followed by Penicillium chrysogenum (62 %), Aspergillus niger (54 %), and Aspergillus flavus (44 %). Citrinin was present in 100 % samples (0.23–20.65 mg/kg), aflatoxin in 92 % samples (0.61–77.33 μg/kg) and Ochratoxin-A in 100 % samples (0.23–2.48 μg/kg); 100 % citrinin and 76.09 % aflatoxin exceeded Malaysian limits. The presence of mycotoxigenic fungi served as an indicator of mycotoxins contamination and might imply improper production, handling, transportation, and storage of red rice. Further confirmatory analysis (e.g., HPLC) is required to verify the mycotoxins level in red rice samples and to validate the safety status of red rice. 相似文献
16.
Shahid Ali Naeem Khan Faisal Nouroz Shazia Erum Wajid Nasim Muhammd Adnan Shahid 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2018,54(1):104-111
Improvement of potato has been accomplished using conventional and non-conventional approaches coupled with numerous tissue culture procedures. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of gibberellic acid (GA3) on the morphogenesis of International Potato Center (CIP) potato explants and acclimatization of plantlets in the field. Nodal segments as an explant source (1–1.5 cm) were isolated from 31 CIP potato plantlets and were inoculated into Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.0 (control), 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 mg L?1of GA3. The variation in growth parameters of the cultivars was then observed. The highest shoot induction occurred in MS medium containing 1.0 mg L?1 GA3 with an increase in the inter-nodal distance between nodes as compared to other treatments. Higher concentration (1.0 mg L?1) of GA3 significantly increased plant height and root length in the treated germplasm however; this concentration was inhibitory to the number of nodes and roots per plant. The number of leaves was significantly increased in plants receiving GA3 treatment at lower concentration (0.1 mg L?1). The 31 CIP genotypes were transplanted to the field and checked for yield quality traits. It was concluded from the results that GA3 had significant effects on morphogenesis and was effective in the acclimatization of CIP potato plantlets in field. 相似文献
17.
Development of a model system to assess the impact of genetically modified corn and aubergine plants on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Alessandra Turrini Cristiana Sbrana Marco Paolo Nuti Bianca Maria Pietrangeli Manuela Giovannetti 《Plant and Soil》2005,266(1-2):69-75
We developed an experimental model system to monitor the impact of generically modified (GM) plants on arbuscular mycorrhizal
(AM) fungi, a group of non-target soil microorganisms, fundamental for soil fertility and plant nutrition. The system allowed
us to study the effects of root exudates of both commercial Bt corn and aubergine plants expressing Dm-AMP1 defensin on different stages of the life cycle of the AM fungal species G. mosseae. Root exudates of Bt 176 corn significantly reduced pre-symbiotic hyphal growth, compared to Bt 11 and non-transgenic plants. No differences were found in mycelial growth in the presence of Dm-AMP1 and control plant root
exudates. Differential hyphal morphogenesis occurred irrespective of the plant line, suggesting that both exuded Bt toxin and defensin do not interfere with fungal host recognition mechanisms. Bt 176 affected the regular development of appressoria, 36% of which failed to produce viable infection pegs. Our experimental
model system represents an easy assay for testing the impact of GM plants on non-target soil-borne AM fungi. 相似文献
18.
R. Wiwattanapatapee A. Chumthong A. Pengnoo M. Kanjanamaneesathian 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2013,29(8):1487-1497
Bacillus megaterium encapsulated in calcium alginate microcapsules was prepared and tested for its efficacy against sheath blight disease of rice. In laboratory conditions, the aqueous suspension (1:100, v/v in potato dextrose agar) of the bacterial microcapsules (1010 spores/ml) inhibited mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani (>99 %) after the microcapsules were produced and stored for 12 months at room temperature (28 ± 2 °C). The survival of the bacterium in the microcapsules in response to ultraviolet (u.v.) irradiation and high temperature was investigated. The survivability of the bacterium in the encapsulated form was greater than that of the fresh cells when it was subjected to u.v. (20-W General electric u.v. lamp from a 25 cm distance for 48 h) and a high temperature treatment (80 °C for 48 h). Cells of the bacterium were detected by scanning electron microscope on both the leaf sheath and the leaf blade (in pot tests in a greenhouse) after spraying encapsulated product. The number of bacteria on the surface of both rice tissues (5 Log. number/g of plant) after spraying with encapsulated product was not significantly different from that after spraying with fresh cells onto the rice seedlings. Spraying the encapsulated B. megaterium on rice plants in the greenhouse was as effective as spraying a chemical fungicide for suppressing rice sheath blight disease. 相似文献
19.
Mohammad-Shafie Rahmani Paula M. Pijut Naghi Shabanian 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2016,127(2):475-488
Protoplast isolation and subsequent plant regeneration of Albizia julibrissin was achieved from leaf and callus explants. Leaf tissue from 4 to 5-week-old in vitro seedlings was the best source for high-yield protoplast isolation. This approach produced 7.77?×?105 protoplasts (Pp) per gram fresh weight with 94?% viability; after 60 min pre-plasmolysis with 0.7 M sorbitol followed by digestion in a solution of cell and protoplast wash plus 0.7 M mannitol, 1.5?% cellulase Onozuka R10, and 1?% pectolyase Y-23 for 6 h. Liquid Kao and Michayluk medium containing 2.7 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2.2 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) was best for sustained cell division and microcolony formation from both leaf- and callus-derived protoplasts at a density of 3–5?×?105 Pp ml?1. Protoplast-derived microcalli became visible after 3–4 weeks on semi-solid medium of the same composition. Microcalli were then cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing Gamborg B5 vitamins or woody plant medium supplemented with different concentrations of NAA plus 4.4 μM BA for further growth. Proliferated leaf- and callus-protoplast-derived calli differentiated into microshoots on MS medium containing 13.2 μM BA plus 4.6 μM zeatin after 2–3 weeks, with an overall shoot organogenesis efficiency of 78–93?%. Rooting of microshoots on half-strength MS medium containing 4.9 µM indole-3-butyric acid was successful, and plantlets were acclimatized to the greenhouse with a survival rate of >62?%. Using ten start codon targeted and ten inter-simple sequence repeat primers, the genetic integrity of nine leaf- and six callus-protoplast-based plants was validated along with the mother seedlings. 相似文献
20.
Yu Tong Elke Gabriel-Neumann Benard Ngwene Angelika Krumbein Susanne Baldermann Monika Schreiner Eckhard George 《Plant and Soil》2013,372(1-2):361-374