Paracoccus bengalensis sp. nov., a novel sulfur-oxidizing chemolithoautotroph from the rhizospheric soil of an Indian tropical leguminous plant

Paracoccus versutus-like isolates from the rhizosphere of Clitoria ternatea, a slender leguminous herb (family--Papilionaceae), found ubiquitously in waste places and village forests of the Lower Gangetic plains of India, presented a case of graduated infraspecific variation that was capped by the identification of a new species Paracoccus bengalensis (type strain JJJ(T) = LMG 22700(T) = MTCC 7003(T)). The diverged phenetic and genetic structure of these sulfur-oxidizing chemolithoautotrophs presented a case of apparent nonconformity of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with results of DNA-DNA hybridization. Despite high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with P. versutus one of the newly isolated strains, viz., JJJ(T) was identified as a new species of Paracoccus by virtue of its explicitly low DNA-DNA hybridization (42-45%) with the type strain of the closest species P. versutus (), distinct G + C content (65.3 mol%), physiological and biochemical differences amounting to <60% phenetic similarity with strains of P. versutus as well as new isolates akin to the species. The newly described species also had a unique fatty acid profile that was distinguished by the absence of 18:1 omega9c, unique possession of Summed feature 3 (16:1omega7c & 15:0 iso 2-OH), 19:0 10 methyl, and a much higher concentration of 19:0 cycloomega8c.     

Sphingopyxis granuli sp. nov., a beta-glucosidase-producing bacterium in the family Sphingomonadaceae in alpha-4 subclass of the Proteobacteria

Strain Kw07T, a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, was isolated from granules in an Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) bioreactor used in the treatment of brewery wastewater. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain Kw07T belongs to the alpha-4 subclass of the Proteobacteria, and the highest degree of sequence similarity was determined to be to Sphingopyxis macrogoltabida IFO 15033T(97.8%). Chemotaxonomic data revealed that strain Kw07T possesses a quinone system with the predominant compound Q-10, the predominant fatty acid C18:1 omega7c, and sphingolipids, all of which corroborated our assignment of the strain to the Sphingopyxis genus. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests clearly demonstrated that strain Kw07T represents a distinct species. Based on these data, Kw07T (=KCTC 12209T=NBRC 100800T) should be classified as the type strain for a novel Sphingopyxis species, for which the name Sphingopyxis granuli sp. nov. has been proposed.     

日本三宅岛火山土壤中硫代硫酸盐氧化菌的分离、生物学特性及鉴定

【目的】利用培养法从日本三宅岛火山土壤(堆积年限131年)中分离到一株能氧化分解硫代硫酸盐的细菌MU2A-22T。【方法】用培养法对该菌株MU2A-22T进行了生理生化性质以及分类学位置上的确定。【结果】菌株MU2A-22T为革兰氏阴性,短杆状或球状。理化性质表明该菌株能利用葡萄糖、L-阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖酸盐、己二酸酯、dL-苹果酸钠、硫代硫酸钠(最适浓度为2.5 mmol/L)为唯一碳源进行自养生长。最适生长温度为25°C 30°C,最适pH为6.0 8.0。菌株MU2A-22T的16S rRNA序列与菌株Paracoccus solventivorans 6637T亲缘关系最近,序列相似性为97%,编码核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶(Rubisco)的基因也被确定。对Paracoccus属内几种近缘菌的脂肪酸分析,证明菌株MU2A-22T中含有Paracoccus属的特征氨基酸,其中含量大于10%的分别为C18:1(74.7%)和C18:0(12.1%)。DNA-DNA杂交实验表明,菌株MU2A-22T与Paracoccus solventivorans 6637TDNA的相似度为49.3%。MU2A-22T菌株G+C含量为66.5%66.7%。【结论】菌株MU2A-22T为Paracoccus属内的一新种菌(登录号GQ452286),命名为Paracoccus scorialis sp.nov.。     

Psychrosphaera saromensis gen. nov., sp. nov., within the family Pseudoalteromonadaceae, isolated from Lake Saroma, Japan

Three Gram-negative, motile, coccoid- and ellipsoidal-shaped, non-pigmented, chemoheterotrophic bacteria, designated strains SA4-31, SA4-46 and SA4-48(T), were isolated from Lake Saroma in Japan and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomical study. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the novel isolates could be affiliated to the family Pseudoalteromonadaceae of the order Alteromonadales. The strains shared approximately 99.7-100% sequence similarity with each other and showed 89.5-93.2% similarity with members of the family Pseudoalteromonadaceae with validly published names. The DNA-DNA relatedness among the strains SA 4-31, SA 4-46 and SA 4-48(T) was higher than 80%, a value that is accepted as a phylogenetic definition of one species. The DNA G+C contents of the three strains were 38.7-39.6 mol%. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-8 and C16:0, C16:1 ω7c, C18:1 ω7c and C12:1 3OH were the major fatty acids. Based on the evidence from the polyphasic taxonomical study, it was concluded that the three strains should be classified as representing a new genus and species of the family Pseudoalteromonadaceae, for which the name Psychrosphaera saromensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain SA4-48(T) =NBRC 107123(T)= KCTC 23240(T)) is proposed.     

Acinetobacter marinus sp. nov. and Acinetobacter seohaensis sp. nov., isolated from sea water of the Yellow Sea in Korea

Two Gram-negative, nonmotile, coccobacilli, SW-3T and SW-100T, were isolated from sea water of the Yellow Sea in Korea. Strains SW-3T and SW-100T contained ubiquinone-9 (Q-9) as the predominant respiratory lipoquinone and C18:1 omega9c and C16:0 as the major fatty acids. The DNA G+C contents of strains SW-3T and SW-100T were 44.1 mol% and 41.9 mol%, respectively. A neighbor-joining tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the two isolates fell within the evolutionary radiation enclosed by the genus Acinetobacter. Strains SW-3T and SW-100T exhibited a 16S rRNA gene similarity value of 95.7% and a mean DNA-DNA relatedness level of 9.2%. Strain SW-3T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity levels of 93.5-96.9% to the validly described Acinetobacter species and fifteen Acinetobacter genomic species. Strain SW-100T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity levels of less than 97.0% to the other Acinetobacter species except Acinetobacter towneri DSM 14962T (98.0% similarity). Strains SW-3T and SW-100T exhibited mean levels of DNA-DNA relatedness of 7.3-16.7% to the type strains of some phylogenetically related Acinetobacter species. On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genetic data, strains SW-3T and SW-100T were classified in the genus Acinetobacter as two distinct novel species, for which the names Acinetobacter marinus sp. nov. (type strain SW-3T=KCTC 12259T=DSM 16312T) and Acinetobacter seohaensis sp. nov. (type strain SW-100T=KCTC 12260T=DSM 16313T) are proposed, respectively.     

Halomonas alkalitolerans sp. nov., a novel moderately halophilic bacteriun isolated from soda meadow saline soil in Daqing, China

A moderately halophilic bacterial strain 15-13(T), which was isolated from soda meadow saline soil in Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province, China, was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The cells of strain 15-13 were found to be Gram-negative, rod-shaped, and motile. The required growth conditions for strain 15-13(T) were: 1-23% NaCl (optimum, 7%), 10-50°C (optimum, 35°C), and pH 7.0-11.0 (optimum, pH 9.5). The predominant cellular fatty acids were C(18:1) ω7c (60.48%) and C(16:0) (13.96%). The DNA G+C content was 67.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain 15-13(T) clustered within a branch comprising species of the genus Halomonas. The closest phylogenetic neighbor of strain 15-13(T) was Halomonas pantelleriensis DSM 9661(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolated strain and H pantelleriensis DSM 9661(T) was 33.8%. On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain 15-13(T) represents a novel species of the genus Halomonas, for which the name Halomonas alkalitolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain for this novel species is 15-13(T) (=CGMCC 1.9129(T) =NBRC 106539(T)).     

Pedobacter jeongneungensis sp. nov., isolated from forest soil

Strain BH45(T) was isolated from forest soil of Mt. Bukhan in Jeongneung, Seoul, Korea. The Gram-staining-negative strain BH45(T) grows at 4-30°C (optimum of 25-30°C) and between pH 5-8 (optimum of pH 6-8). Its major cellular fatty acids are C(18:3) ω6c (6,9,12) and C(10:0). The G+C content of genomic DNA was 40.2 mol%. The major respiratory quinone system in strain BH45(T) is menaquinone-7. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicates that strain BH45(T) is closely related to the genus Pedobacter. Sequence similarities with P. terrae KCTC 12762(T), P. suwonensis KACC 11317(T), P. soli KACC 14939(T), P. alluvionis DSM 19624(T), P. roseus KCCM 42272(T), P. yonginense KCTC 22721(T) were 97.5, 97.1, 97.0, 97.0, 97.0, and 96.0%, respectively. DNA-DNA hybridization results distinguish strain BH45(T) from two Pedobacter species with high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities. According to the phenotypic and molecular data, the strain BH45(T) clearly represents a novel species within the genus Pedobacter; thus, the name Pedobacter jeongneungensis sp. nov. is proposed for this strain. The type strain is BH45(T) (=KACC 15514(T) =JCM 17626(T)).     

Two new ascomycetous anamorphic yeast species related to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Candida friedrichii</Emphasis>—<Emphasis Type="Italic">Candida jaroonii</Emphasis> sp. nov., and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Candida songkhlaensis</Emphasis> sp. nov.—isolated in Thailand

In a study of yeast diversity in Thailand, eight strains of hitherto undescribed anamorphic yeasts were isolated: four from insect frass, two from Marasmius sp. fruiting bodies, one from a flower, and one from jackfruit exudates. Phylogenetic analysis of the D1/D2 domain of 26S ribosomal DNA nucleotide sequences indicated that the eight strains represented two new species related to Candida friedrichii. Genetic separation of the two new species was further supported by DNA-DNA hybridization analysis, which resulted in between-species similarity values of less than 48%, and by electrophoretic karyotyping. The two new species are C. jaroonii sp. nov. (type strain, ST-300(T) = NBRC 103209(T) = BCC 11783(T) = CBS 10790(T)) and C. songkhlaensis sp. nov. (type strain, ST-328(T) = NBRC 103214(T) = BCC 11804(T) = CBS 10791(T)).     

Paracoccus beibuensis sp. nov., Isolated from the South China Sea

A Gram-negative, non-motile, short rod-shaped or spherical bacterial strain that accumulates poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) granules was isolated from the Beibu Gulf in the South China Sea. Cells have no polar or subpolar flagella, dividing by binary fission. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain formed a monophyletic branch at the periphery of the evolutionary radiation occupied by the genus Paracoccus, family Rhodobacteraceae, order Rhodobacterales, class Alphaproteobacteria. The closest neighbours were Paracoccus aestuarii strain B7(T) (97.2% similarity), Paracoccus zeaxanthinifaciens ATCC 21588(T) (97.1% similarity) and Paracoccus homiensis DD-R11(T) (96.8%). The predominant fatty acids were C(18:1) ω7c (82.1%), and significant amounts of C(18:0) (5.6%), C(10:0) 3-OH (2.3%) and C(16:0) (1.5%) were present. The predominant respiratory ubiquinone of strain JLT1284(T) was Q-10 and the DNA G+C content of strain JLT1284(T) was 67.0 mol%. The isolate was also distinguishable from members of the genus Paracoccus on the basis of phenotypic and biochemical characteristics. It is evident from the genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, therefore, that strain JLT1284(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paracoccus, for which the name Paracoccus beibuensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JLT1284(T)=LMG 24871(T)=CGMCC 1.7295(T)).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Acinetobacter soli</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from forest soil

A non-motile and rod shaped bacterium, designated strain B1(T), was isolated from forest soil at Mt. Baekwoon, Republic of Korea. Cells were Gram-negative, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative. The major fatty acids were 9-octadecenoic acid (C(18:1) omega9c; 42%) and hexadecanoic acid (C(16:0); 25.9%) and summed feature 3 (comprising iso-C(15:0) 2-OH and/or C(16:1) omega7c; 10.0%). The DNA G+C content was 44.1 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain B1(T) formed a lineage within the genus Acinetobacter and was closely related to A. baylyi DSM 14961(T) (98.6% sequence similarity), followed by A. baumannii DSM 30007(T) (97.4%), A. calcoaceticus DSM 30006(T) (97.0%) and 3 genomic species (96.8 approximately 7.6%). Phenotypic characteristics, gyrB gene sequence analysis and DNA-DNA relatedness data distinguished strain B1(T) from type strains of A. baylyi, A. baumannii, and A. calcoaceticus. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain B1(T) represents a novel species of the genus Acinetobacter, for which the name Acinetobacter soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is B1(T) (= KCTC 22184(T)= JCM 15062(T)).     

Saccharopolyspora pathumthaniensis sp. nov., a novel actinomycetes isolated from termite guts (Speculitermes sp.)

Morphological and chemotaxonomic characterization of actinomycete strain S582 isolated from the gut of a termite (Speculitermes sp.) in Pathum Thani Province, Thailand, clearly demonstrated that this strain is a member of the genus Saccharopolyspora. 16S rDNA sequence analysis for the strain supported the assignment of the strain to the genus Saccharopolyspora. The similarity value of sequences between this strain and the closely related species Saccharopolyspora endophytica was 99.5%. The DNA G+C content was 70.2 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization results (53.3%) and some physiological and biochemical properties indicated that strain S582(T) was distinguished from the phylogenetically closest relatives. Based on these genotypic and phenotypic data, strain S582(T) should be a new species in the genus Saccharopolyspora and the name Saccharopolyspora pathumthaniensis sp. nov. is proposed for the strain. The type strain is S582(T) (=NBRC 104112(T) =BCC 28624(T)).     

Bacillus nematocida sp. nov., a novel bacterial strain with nematotoxic activity isolated from soil in Yunnan, China

An endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain B-16T, was isolated from a forest soil sample in Yunnan, China. The isolate presented remarkable nematotoxic activity against nematode Panagrellus redivivus. The organism was strictly aerobic, motile, spore forming and rod shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The major cellular fatty acid profiles were anteiso-C15:0 (48.67%), iso-C15:0 (13.45%), C16:0 (9.06%) and anteiso-Cl7:0 (8.29%). The DNA G+C content was 46%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rDNA sequence revealed that isolate belongs to the genus Bacillus. Strain B-16T exhibited high 16S rDNA similarity with its closest neighbors Bacillus vallismortis (99.79%), B. subtilis (99.43%), B. atrophaeus (99.43%), B. amyloliquefaciens (99.36%), B. licheniformis (98.0%) and less than 97.0% with all the other relative type strains in the genus Bacillus. The phenotypic and genotypic characteristics and DNA-DNA relatedness data indicate that strain B-16T should be distinguished from all the relative species of genus Bacillus. Therefore, on the basis of the polyphasic taxonomic data presented, a new species of the genus Bacillus, B. nematocida, with the type strain B-16T ( = CGMCC 1128T) is proposed. The GenBank accession number for the sequence reported in this paper is AY820954.     

Leucobacter exalbidus sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a mixed culture from compost

A gram-positive bacterium, strain K-540B(T), which was separated from a mixed culture isolated from compost, was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain K-540B(T) was found to have 95.5%-98.7% sequence similarity with the genus Leucobacter based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analyis. Phenotypic and chemical properties of strain K-540B(T) were consistent with its classification in the genus Leucobacter. The major quinone system compound was MK-11 and major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(16:0). Polar lipids included phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 64.9 mol%. The cell wall peptidoglycan contained diaminobutyric acid and γ-aminobutyric acid. DNA-DNA hybridization results and physiological tests genotypically and phenotypically differentiated strain K-540B(T) from other Leucobacter species. Based on these results, strain K-540B(T) (=NBRC 106062(T)=DSM 22850(T)), for which the name Leucobacter exalbidus sp. nov. is proposed, represents a novel species of the genus Leucobacter.     

Description of a Novel Actinobacterium Microbacterium assamensis sp. nov., Isolated from Water Sample Collected from the River Brahmaputra, Assam, India

A Gram-positive, yellow pigmented actinobacterium, strain S2-48(T) was isolated from water sample collected from the river Brahmaputra, Assam, India and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Most of the physiological and biochemical properties, major fatty acids (C(15:0) Anteiso, iso C(16:0) and C(17:0) Anteiso), estimated DNA G+C content (70.2 mol%) and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain S2-48(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium. Strain S2-48(T) exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Microbacterium testaceum (97.0%); however, the DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain S2-48(T) and M. testaceum was 9.1%. On the basis of differential phenotypic characteristics and genotypic distinctiveness, strain S2-48(T) should be classified within the genus Microbacterium as a novel species, for which the name Microbacterium assamensis is proposed. The type strain is S2-48(T) (=MTCC 10486(T) = DSM 23998(T)).     

Novosphingobium naphthalenivorans sp. nov., a naphthalene-degrading bacterium isolated from polychlorinated-dioxin-contaminated environments

Three strains of strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, naphthalene-degrading bacteria isolated from polychlorinated-dioxin-contaminated soil and sediment were characterized. These isolates grew well with naphthalene as the sole carbon and energy source, degrading it completely within 24 h of incubation. The isolates also degraded dibenzofuran co-metabolically in the presence of naphthalene with the concomitant production of yellow intermediate metabolite(s). A 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the isolates affiliated to the genus Novosphingobium with Novosphingobium pentaromativorans and Novosphingobium subarcticum as their nearest phylogenetic neighbors (97.4-97.5% similarity). The isolates had a genomic DNA G+C ratio of 64.5-64.6 mol% and formed a genetically coherent group distinguishable from any established species of the genus Novosphingobium at a DNA-DNA hybridization level of less than 46%. The cellular fatty acids were characterized by the predominance of 18 : 1omega7c with significant proportions of 16 : 0, 16 : 1omega7c, 17 : 1omega6c and 2-OH 14 : 0. Sphingoglycolipids were present. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10. Spermidine was detected as the major polyamine. The distinct taxonomic position of the isolates within the Novosphingobium was also demonstrated by physiological and biochemical testing. Based on these phylogenetic and phenotypic data, we propose Novosphingobium naphthalenivorans sp. nov. to accommodate the novel isolates. The type strain is strain TUT562(T) (DSM 18518(T), JCM 13951(T), NBRC 102051(T)).     

Comamonas granuli sp. nov., isolated from granules used in a wastewater treatment plant

A Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated as Ko03(T), was isolated from microbial granules, and was characterized, using a polyphasic approach, in order to determine its taxonomic position. The isolate was positive for catalase and oxidase, but negative for gelatinase and beta-galactosidase. Phylogenetic analyses using the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain formed a monophyletic branch towards the periphery of the evolutionary radiation occupied by the genus Comamonas, its closest neighbors being Comamonas koreensis KCTC 12005(T) (95.9% sequence similarity), Comamonas nitrativorans DSM 13191(T) (95.7%), and Comamonas odontotermitis LMG 23579(T) (95.7%). Strain Ko03(T) had a genomic DNA G+C content of 68.4 mol% and the predominant respiratory quinone was Q-8. The major fatty acids were C(16:1) omega7c (44.7%), C(16:0) (28.1%), C(18:1) (16.1%), and C(10:0) 3-OH (3.5%). These chemo-taxonomic results supported the affiliation of strain Ko03(T) to the genus Comamonas. However, low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values and distinguishing phenotypic characteristics allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain Ko03(T) from recognized Comamonas species. On the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain Ko03(T) represents a novel species of the genus Comamonas, for which the name Comamonas granuli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Ko03(T) (= KCTC 12199(T) = NBRC 101663(T)).     

Paenibacillus xylaniclasticus sp. nov., a xylanolytic-cellulolytic bacterium isolated from sludge in an anaerobic digester

A mesophilic, facultative, anaerobic, xylanolytic-cellulolytic bacterium, TW1(T), was isolated from sludge in an anaerobic digester fed with pineapple waste. Cells stained Gram-positive, were spore-forming, and had the morphology of straight to slightly curved rods. Growth was observed in the temperature range of 30 to 50°C (optimum 37°C) and the pH range of 6.0 to 7.5 (optimum pH 7.0) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone with seven isoprene units (MK-7). Anteiso-C(15:0), iso-C(16:0), anteiso-C(17:0), and C(16:0) were the predominant cellular fatty acids. The G+C content of the DNA was 49.5 mol%. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA showed that strain TW1(T) belonged within the genus Paenibacillus and was closely related to Paenibacillus cellulosilyticus LMG 22232(T), P. curdlanolyticus KCTC 3759(T), and P. kobensis KCTC 3761(T) with 97.7, 97.5, and 97.3% sequence similarity, respectively. The DNA-DNA hybridization values between the isolate and type strains of P. cellulosilyticus LMG 22232(T), P. curdlanolyticus KCTC 3759(T), and P. kobensis KCTC 3761(T) were found to be 18.6, 18.3, and 18.0%, respectively. The protein and xylanase patterns of strain TW1(T) were quite different from those of the type strains of closely related Paenibacillus species. On the basis of DNA-DNA relatedness and phenotypic analyses, phylogenetic data and the enzymatic pattern presented in this study, strain TW1(T) should be classified as a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus xylaniclasticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TW1(T) (=NBRC 106381(T) =KCTC 13719(T) =TISTR 1914(T)).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Paracoccus pueri</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from Pu’er tea

A Gram-stain negative, aerobic, short rod-shaped, motile by flagella bacterial strain (THG-N2.35^T), was isolated from Pu’er tea. Growth occurred at 10–40 °C (optimum 28 °C), at pH 4–7 (optimum 7) and at 0–5% NaCl (optimum 1%). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the near phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-N2.35^T were identified as Paracoccus hibisci KACC 18632^T (99.0%), Paracoccus tibetensis CGMCC 1.8925^T (98.7%), Paracoccus beibuensis CGMCC 1.7295^T (98.2%), Paracoccus aestuarii KCTC 22049^T (98.2%), Paracoccus rhizosphaerae LMG 26205^T (98.1%), Paracoccus zeaxanthinifaciens ATCC 21588^T (97.1%), Paracoccus marcusii DSM 11574^T (97.0%). Levels of similarity between strain THG-N2.35^T and other Paracoccus species were lower than 97.0%. DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain THG-N2.35^T and P. hibisci KACC 18632^T, P. tibetensis CGMCC 1.8925^T, P. beibuensis CGMCC 1.7295^T, P. aestuarii KCTC 22049^T, P. rhizosphaerae LMG 26205^T, P. zeaxanthinifaciens ATCC 21588^T, P.marcusii DSM 11574^T were 47.5% (42.3%, reciprocal analysis), 36.1% (32.3%), 24.7% (22.1%), 19.2% (16.3%), 11.3% (8.8%), 11.1% (10.8%), 6.1% (5.8%), respectively. The DNA G+C content of strain THG-N2.35^T was 62.3 mol%. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. The quinone was ubiquinone-10 (Q-10). The major fatty acids were C_10:0 3OH, C_16:0, C_18:0 and C_18:1 ω7?. On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain THG-N2.35^T represent a novel species of the genus Paracoccus, for which the name Paracoccus pueri sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is THG-N2.35^T (= KACC 18934^T = CCTCC AB 2016177^T).     

Neokomagataea gen. nov., with descriptions of Neokomagataea thailandica sp. nov. and Neokomagataea tanensis sp. nov., osmotolerant acetic acid bacteria of the α-Proteobacteria

Isolates AH11(T) and AH13(T) were isolated from flowers of lantana and candle bush respectively collected in Thailand. In phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, the two isolates formed an independent cluster, which was then connected to the type strain of Saccharibacter floricola. The calculated pair-wise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of isolate AH11(T) were 95.7-92.3% to the type strains of the type species of the 12 genera of acetic acid bacteria. The DNA base composition was from 51.2 to 56.8 mol % G+C, with a range of 5.6 mol %. When isolate AH11(T) was labeled, DNA-DNA similarities were 100, 12, 4, 5, and 4% respectively to isolates AH11(T) and AH13(T) and the type strains of Saccharibacter floricola, Gluconobacter oxydans, and Acetobacter aceti. The two isolates were non-motile and did not oxidize either acetate or lactate. No growth was found in the presence of 0.35% acetic acid w/v. The two isolates were not osmophilic but osmotolerant, produced 2,5-diketo-D-gluconate from D-glucose, and did not oxidize lactate, thus differing from strains of Saccharibacter floricola, which showed weak lactate oxidation. The two isolates contained unsaturated C(18:1)ω7c fatty acid as the major fatty acid, and were unique in the presence of a considerable amount of straight-chain C(18:1)2OH fatty acid. Q-10 was present as the major isoprenoid quinone. Neokomagataea gen. nov. was proposed with the two species, Neokomagataea thailandica sp. nov. for isolate AH11(T) (=BCC 25710(T)=NBRC 106555(T)), which has 56.8 mol % G+C, and Neokomagataea tanensis sp. nov. for isolate AH13(T) (=BCC 25711(T)=NBRC 106556(T)), which has 51.2 mol % G+C.     

Description of a novel indole-oxidizing bacterium Pseudomonas indoloxydans sp. nov., isolated from a pesticide-contaminated site

A Gram-negative, deep brown-pigmented Gammaproteobacteria, strain IPL-1(T), capable of oxidizing indole was isolated from a lindane-contaminated site and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Most of the physiological and biochemical properties, major fatty acids (C(18:1)omega7c, C(16:1)omega7c/iso C(15:0) 2OH and C(16:0)), estimated DNA G+C content (67.2mol%) and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain IPL-1(T) belonged to the genus Pseudomonas. Strain IPL-1(T) exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes (99.0%), followed by Pseudomonas alcaliphila (98.7%), Pseudomonas oleovorans (98.3%), Pseudomonas nitroreducens (98.0%), Pseudomonas mendocina (97.6%) and Pseudomonas stutzeri (97.4%). However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain IPL-1(T) and the closely related taxa were between 22% and 61%. On the basis of differential phenotypic characteristics and genotypic distinctiveness, strain IPL-1(T) should be classified within the genus Pseudomonas as a novel species, for which the name Pseudomonas indoloxydans is proposed. The type strain is IPL-1(T) (=MTCC 8062(T)=JCM 14246(T)).