羚牛生态生物学研究现状

羚牛是介于羊和牛之间分类地位特殊的偶蹄目牛科动物, 共有4 个亚种。中国是羚牛的主要分布区, 拥有世界上绝大多数的羚牛种群。有关羚牛的研究主要由中国的科研人员在中国境内完成。羚牛的生态生物学研究主要涉及到地理分布、种群数量、栖息地、季节性迁移活动、集群行为、家域、日活动规律、采食习性、繁殖和防御行为。对羚牛研究现状的综述性介绍即从这10 个方面进行。     

噻芬太尼对羚牛的保定研究

羚牛(Budorcas taxicolor)属国家第一类保护的珍稀动物。羚牛包括4个亚种,其中四川亚种和秦岭亚种为我国所特有。随着野生动物科研工作的发展。有关羚牛的生态、遗传、血液生化等研究工作正逐步进行,羚牛的疾病诊治、捕捉、搬迁等工作也日益频繁。羚牛性情凶猛,不易保定,人工强行保定极易造成动物和人员的伤亡。因此,如何解决羚牛的化学保定问题,是进一步开展羚牛科研工作的重要条件之一。     

用mtDNA序列探讨羚牛亚种分类(偶蹄目:牛科)

羚牛4个亚种在我国均有分布,且四川亚种和秦岭亚种是我国的特产动物,但对于分布于甘肃南部羚牛种群的亚种归属则有着不同的观点。本文就羚牛3个亚种的分类地位从线粒体DNA细胞色素b和D－Loop序列水平上进行探讨,分析结果基本支持形态学上的亚种划分,但甘肃南部羚牛种群在两个DNA片段上均与羚牛四川亚种存在着一定的差异,而与秦岭亚种则完全一致。结合羚牛地理分布特点,认为将分布于甘肃南部的羚牛种群划分为羚牛秦岭亚种可能更合适。     

秦岭羚牛( Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi )

羚牛(Budorcas taxicolor),别名扭角羚,是亚洲特有的偶蹄目牛科动物,主要产于我国,是我国国家一级重点保护动物,并在中国濒危动物红皮书中被列入濒危级保护动物.羚牛共有4个亚种,秦岭羚牛(B.t.bedfordi)是其中体型最大的一个亚种.秦岭羚牛只分布于我国秦岭山脉(北纬32～34°,东经106～110°),一般活动在沿秦岭主脊的海1 200～3 500 m之间,但在海拔700 m左右的区域也可能有极少数独牛光顾.目前秦岭羚牛的高密度分布区主要在陕西的太白、佛坪、周至、洋县、宁陕、柞水、镇安等地.与羚牛同域分布的有大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)、金丝猴(Pygathrix roxellana)等珍稀濒危动物.     

羚牛血液初步研究

研究羚牛血液成分对了解羚牛及其疾病诊治等具有重要意义。中国羚牛血液成分的资料缺乏。本文报导了6只四川亚种羚牛血液的氨基酸、酶、电解质、蛋白等生理生化参数,以供参考。     

羚牛四川亚种在陕西秦岭分布的新记录

羚牛(Budorcastaxicolor),别名扭角羚,隶属偶蹄目牛科,有4个亚种,分别为指名亚种(B.t.taxicolor)、不丹亚种(B.t.whitei)、四川亚种(B.t.tibetana)和秦岭亚种(B.t.bedfordi),四川亚种和秦岭亚种为中国所特有(吴家炎,1986;吴家炎等,1990)。羚牛四川亚种(简称四川羚牛)分布于甘肃东南部、四川盆地西缘和西北缘的中高山地带,其分布区跨越岷山山系、邛崃山系、相岭山系、凉山山系、大雪山和沙鲁里山系(吴家炎等,1990;胡锦矗、魏辅文,1993;魏辅文、胡锦矗,1993);秦岭亚种(简称秦岭羚牛)仅分布于秦岭山脉的山地森林中(吴家炎等,1983,1990;吴家炎…     

蜂桶寨自然保护区野生羚牛内寄生虫调查

羚牛（BudorcastaxicolorHodgson,1850）仅产于亚洲大陆的印度、尼泊尔、不丹、缅甸及中国,为我国一级重点保护动物。羚牛共有4个亚种,我国均产,其中四川亚种与秦岭亚种为我国特有的大型珍稀动物。自80年代初以来,我国动物科技工作者（1－10）先后对我国羚牛的寄生虫与寄生     

西藏羚牛调查

西藏东南部是羚牛指名亚种(Budorcas ta-xicolor taxicolor)及不丹亚种(B.t.whitei)的分布区,雅鲁藏布江以南的喜马拉雅山脉是它们的栖息繁衍地。我国近年来开展的珍贵动物调查,对川、甘、陕三省的羚牛状况有了初步了解,但对西藏羚牛还所知甚少。     

羚牛保护之科学观

<正>羚牛是一种栖息于高山或亚高山地区的大型偶蹄类动物,在我国主要分布在陕西、甘肃、四川、云南和西藏。羚牛有4个亚种,即:秦岭亚种、四川亚种、指名亚种以及不丹亚种,其中前两者为中国所特有。在上世纪60年代我国发布的"关于积极保护和合理利用野生动物资源的指示"中,羚牛被列为国家一级保护野生动物。客观地说,羚牛在野外的数量     

三十载羚牛情

羚牛主要分布在中国,针对该物种的主要科研工作都是由中国学者完成的。西北濒危动物研究所的吴家炎研究员是中国最早一批开展羚牛研究的学者,从上世纪60年代起就开始了羚牛的地理分布、生理生态等方面的研究工作,其著作《中国羚牛》是我国第一本全面介绍羚牛的专著。在吴家炎之后,中国科学院动物研究所的宋延龄研究员及其弟子曾治高、官天培等在秦岭和四川对羚牛的行为生态学（如集群、占区和繁殖）开展了研究。另外,在90年代,西华师范大学珍稀动植物研究所的胡锦矗教授等也在四川开展了一部分关于羚牛习性和生境选择等方面的研究。     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.