麦红吸浆虫蜕皮激素受体（EcR）基因的克隆与表达分析

为了研究蜕皮激素受体（EcR）在麦红吸浆虫Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin)滞育活动中的作用, 利用RT PCR和RACE技术克隆得到了麦红吸浆虫蜕皮激素受体基因cDNA全长, 并通过Real-time quantitative PCR研究了其表达情况。该cDNA全长序列被命名为SmEcR （GenBank登录号： KC491135）, 其开放阅读框长1 386 bp, 编码461个氨基酸残基。其蛋白预测分子量52.90 kD, 理论等电点6.24。该蛋白与其他已报道的昆虫EcR蛋白具有很高的同源性, 其中与迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia coprophila中相应蛋白的氨基酸序列一致性高达92%。SmEcR在麦红吸浆虫不同滞育时期和不同虫态中均有表达, 且在不同滞育时期、 不同虫态中的表达量差异很大。在滞育不同时期以11月表达量最高, 12月表达量最低; 在不同虫态以麦穗幼虫中的表达量较低, 而成虫中的表达水平很高。本研究为进一步明确SmEcR在麦红吸浆虫滞育调控中的作用奠定了基础。     

A small HSP gene is not responsible for diapause and cold tolerance acquisition in Chilo suppressalis

Abstract:  The cDNA sequence of a small heat shock protein ( hsp19.7 ) was cloned and sequenced from the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker. The cDNA encoded a protein of 177 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 19.7 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence showed the highest identity of 90% to Bombyx mori hsp19.9 . Expression levels of hsp19.7 were similar between diapausing and non-diapausing larvae. In non-diapausing larvae, but not in diapausing ones, hsp19.7 expression was upregulated by cold acclimation. Involvement of hsp19.7 in larval diapause and cold tolerance in C. suppressalis is discussed.     

The C1orf9 gene encodes a putative transmembrane member of a novel protein family

Here we report the characterization of a human mRNA encoding a novel protein denoted C1orf9 (chromosome 1 open reading frame 9). The cDNA sequence, derived from a testis cDNA library, contains 5700 bp which encodes an open reading frame of 1254 amino acids. The deduced protein contains a putative N-terminal signal peptide and one putative transmembrane region, indicating membrane localization. No significant homology was found with known characterized proteins. However, a 150 amino acid region has significant homology to deduced protein sequences from other organisms, including Caenorhabditis elegans (43% identity), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (47% identity), Schizosaccharomyces pombe (48% identity), and two proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana (42% and 40% identity), suggesting a novel family of conserved domains. The C1orf9 gene was assigned to chromosome 1q24. The gene spans approximately 78.7 kb and is organized into at least 24 exons. Expression analysis revealed a single C1orf9 mRNA species of approximately 6.0 kb with a predominant expression in pancreas and testis, and only low levels of expression in other tissues examined.     

4个棉花ADF基因的分子鉴定及其差异表达

肌动蛋白解聚合因子(actin-depolymerizing factor, ADF)是一种在真核生物中广泛存在的低分子量的肌动蛋白结合蛋白,它在调控细胞内肌动蛋白纤丝的解聚合和再聚合中起着关键作用。我们在棉纤维cDNA文库中分离克隆了4个ADF基因(cDNAs),分别命名为GhADF2,GhADF3,GhADF4,GhADF5。GhADF2 cDNA 长度为705 bp,编码139个氨基酸;GhADF3 cDNA长度为819 bp,编码139个氨基酸;GhADF4 cDNA长度为804 bp,编码143个氨基酸;GhADF5 cDNA长度为644 bp,编码141个氨基酸。分析表明,GhADF2与GhADF3的氨基酸序列同源性为99%。而且,GhADF2/3与矮牵牛PeADF2之间的氨基酸序列同源性也高达89%。GhADF4与拟南芥AtADF6的亲缘关系较近,二者的氨基酸序列同源性为78%。GhADF5与拟南芥AtADF5的亲缘关系较近,氨基酸序列的同源性为83%。上述结果表明植物ADF基因在进化中具有高度保守性。RT-PCR分析表明,GhADF2在纤维中优势表达,而GhADF5基因则在子叶中表达量最高。另一方面,GhADF3和GhADF4似乎不具有组织特异性或偏爱性表达。同一组织中不同GhADF基因表达量有较大的差异,表明它们可能涉及棉花不同组织生长发育过程的调节。而且,在进化过程中,各ADF同分异构体之间可能发展形成某种功能上的差异性。     

麦红吸浆虫3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶基因SmHMGR的克隆及在滞育与发育变态过程中的表达动态

【目的】3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(HMGR)是保幼激素(JH)合成途径的限速酶。麦红吸浆虫Sitodiplosis mosellana是一种典型的专性幼虫滞育昆虫。本研究旨在探讨HMGR基因在麦红吸浆虫滞育和发育变态过程中的作用。【方法】通过RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆麦红吸浆虫滞育前幼虫HMGR基因全长cDNA序列;利用生物信息学软件分析HMGR基因核苷酸和其编码的蛋白氨基酸序列特性;采用qPCR技术测定其在麦红吸浆虫滞育不同时期3龄幼虫及不同发育阶段(1-2龄幼虫、预蛹、初蛹、中蛹和后蛹以及雌雄成虫)中的mRNA表达水平。【结果】克隆获得一条麦红吸浆虫HMGR基因全长cDNA序列,命名为SmHMGR(GenBank登录号: MG876766)。该基因全长2 548 bp,其中开放阅读框长2 328 bp,编码775个氨基酸,预测的蛋白分子量为84.16 kD,理论等电点为8.29。序列分析发现该基因编码的蛋白具有HMGR蛋白家族典型的HMG-CoA-reductase-classⅠ催化功能域及其他保守功能基序;序列比对和系统发育分析表明,SmHMGR与达氏按蚊Anopheles darling等长角亚目(Nematocera)昆虫HMGR的相似性最高、亲缘关系最近。SmHMGR在麦红吸浆虫滞育前的3龄早期幼虫中表达量显著升高,进入滞育后一直维持较高水平,并在滞育后静息阶段的当年12月至翌年1月达到最高。SmHMGR在蛹期表达量低于幼虫期,预蛹期表达量最低;在雌成虫中表达量显著高于在蛹和雄成虫中的表达量。【结论】SmHMGR的表达与麦红吸浆虫发育密切相关,可能在滞育诱导、维持及滞育后静息状态的维持及生殖中发挥作用,其表达量的降低可能参与了幼虫到蛹的变态。     

沙葱萤叶甲钙结合蛋白基因的鉴定及表达谱分析

【目的】沙葱萤叶甲Galeruca daurica是一种近年来在内蒙古草原上猖獗成灾的新害虫。本研究旨在克隆沙葱萤叶甲钙结合蛋白(calcium-binding protein, CaBP)基因,分析其在沙葱萤叶甲成虫不同发育阶段及不同温度下的表达谱,为进一步探究其在沙葱萤叶甲生长发育及滞育过程中的作用奠定基础。【方法】根据沙葱萤叶甲转录组和蛋白质组数据,筛选CaBP基因序列信息,应用RT-PCR技术克隆获得CaBP基因的开放阅读框(ORF)全长序列,并对其进行生物信息学分析;通过qPCR检测其在沙葱萤叶甲成虫不同日龄(羽化后3, 7, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 60, 90和110 d)及3日龄成虫在不同温度(0, 5, 10,15, 20, 25, 30和35℃)下处理1 h后的表达水平。【结果】克隆得到4条具有完整ORF的沙葱萤叶甲CaBP基因cDNA序列,分别命名为GdCaM, GdCAPSL, GdTnCl和GdCRT(GenBank登录号: MN695412-695415),ORF全长分别为480, 648, 516和1 209 bp,分别编码149, 215, 171和402个氨基酸;只有GdCRT拥有信号肽。同源序列比对和系统发育分析表明,GdCaM, GdCAPSL, GdTnCl和GdCRT分别与玉米根萤叶甲Diabroticavirgifera virgifera的CaM, CAPSL, TnCl及马铃薯甲虫Leptinotarsa decemlineata CRT的氨基酸序列一致性最高,分别为100.0%, 74.0%, 88.2%和92.5%。qPCR结果表明,4个CaBP基因在沙葱萤叶甲不同日龄成虫中均差异表达,且表达模式不同。GdCaM在成虫滞育前(羽化后3 d)表达量较高,进入滞育后(羽化后7 d)表达量降低,在滞育期间(羽化后7-60 d)表达量变化较小,而解除滞育后(羽化后90 d)表达量进一步下调。GdCAPSL在滞育初期(羽化后10 d)维持在最低水平,进入滞育中后期(羽化后40和60 d)开始回升,滞育解除后又突然下调至最低水平,而羽化后110 d急剧上升至最高水平。GdTnCl在滞育初期(羽化后15-20 d)高表达,进入滞育中后期(羽化后30-60 d)急剧下降至最低水平,滞育解除后再次上调,但羽化后110 d突然下调至最低水平。GdCRT在进入滞育后表达量开始逐渐下调,在滞育维持期间(羽化后15-60 d)维持在低水平,滞育解除后又开始上升。温度对3日龄成虫中除GdCRT外的其他3个CaBP基因的表达有显著影响。温度低于20℃时,GdCaM的表达量随温度的降低而升高,但0℃时突然下降;温度高于20℃时,GdCaM的表达量随着温度的升高而上升。GdCAPSL的表达量随着温度的升高而呈现上升的趋势,25℃时达到最高,然后下降。GdTnCl随着温度的升高,表达量呈现下降的趋势。【结论】钙结合蛋白可能在沙葱萤叶甲成虫生长发育及夏滞育调控过程中发挥着重要作用。     

Molecular cloning,sequence and expression analysis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">ZmArf2</Emphasis>, a maize ADP-ribosylation factor

A full-length cDNA encoding a maize GTP-binding protein of the ADP-ribosylation factor family was cloned by suppression subtractive hybridization and an in silico cloning approach. The cDNA was 938 bp in length and contained a complete ORF of 612 bp, which encodes a protein of 203 amino acid residues. Its deduced amino acids sequence had an 83% identity with that of a GTP-binding protein in rice. The gene was designated ZmArf2. The ZmArf2 gene consists of G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5 boxes, and Switch I and Switch II regions. Eight nucleotides differed and five amino acids changed between the popcorn inbred N04 and the dent corn inbred Dan232. One changed amino acid was in the G1 box. RT-PCR analysis showed that ZmArf2 expression increased in the early stages of endosperm development and was not tissue-specific.     

Molecular characterization of pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide from the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.)

Pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) produced in the subesophageal ganglion stimulates pheromone production in the pheromone gland. A cDNA isolated from female adult heads of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella (L.)) encodes 193 amino acids including PBAN, designated as Plx-PBAN, and four other neuropeptides (NPs): diapause hormone (DH) homologue, -NP, β-NP and γ-NP. All of the peptides are amidated in their C-termini and shared a conserved motif, FXPR(or K)L structure, as reported from other PBAN cDNAs. Plx-PBAN consists of 30 amino acids, the shortest PBAN so far reported. Plx-PBAN exhibited below 50% homology, compared with other known PBANs. The Plx-DH homologue is structurally different from DH of Bombyx mori. The length of Plx-β-NP (16 amino acids) was the shortest and showed relatively low similarity, whereas γ-NP (10 amino acids in length) was the longest among examined γ-NPs. When female adults were injected with synthetic Plx-PBAN, pheromone production showed a maximal increase 1 h post-injection. RT-PCR screening revealed that Plx-PBAN cDNA was expressed in all examined body parts, with the highest expression level in the head of female adults. Analysis of RT-PCR products indicated the Plx-PBAN sequence was identical in all examined body parts of both sexes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Plx-PBAN gene is distantly related to other PBANs, demonstrated by the relatively low similarity.     

Non-AUG translation initiation of mRNA encoding plastid-targeted phage-type RNA polymerase in Nicotiana sylvestris

A third nuclear gene encoding a bacteriophage T7-type RNA polymerase, NsRpoT-C, was isolated and characterized from Nicotiana sylvestris. The gene, NsRpoT-C, consists of 21 exons and 20 introns and encodes a polypeptide of 977 amino acid residues. The predicted NsRpoT-C protein shows the highest identity (72% amino acid identity) with Arabidopsis thaliana RpoT;3 which is a plastid-targeted protein. Surprisingly, comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of NsRpoT-C with that of A. thaliana RpoT;3 predicted that the NsRpoT-C starts at a CUG triplet, a rare translation initiation codon. Transient expression assays in protoplasts from tobacco leaves demonstrated that the putative N-terminal transit peptide of NsRpoT-C encodes a targeting signal directing the protein into chloroplasts. This strongly suggests that NsRpoT-C functions as an RNA polymerase transcribing plastid-encoded genes. We have designated this protein NsRpoTp.     

Identification and isolation of the gene encoding the small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: DNA damage-inducible gene required for mitotic viability.

Ribonucleotide reductase catalyzes the first step in the pathway for the production of deoxyribonucleotides needed for DNA synthesis. The gene encoding the small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase was isolated from a Saccharomyces cerevisiae genomic DNA expression library in lambda gt11 by a fortuitous cross-reaction with anti-RecA antibodies. The cross-reaction was due to an identity between the last four amino acids of each protein. The gene has been named RNR2 and is centromere linked on chromosome X. The nucleotide sequence was determined, and the deduced amino acid sequence, 399 amino acids, shows extensive homology with other eucaryotic ribonucleotide reductases. Transplason mutagenesis was used to disrupt the RNR2 gene. A novel assay using colony color sectoring was developed to demonstrate visually that RNR2 is essential for mitotic viability. RNR2 encodes a 1.5-kilobase mRNA whose levels increase 18-fold after treatment with the DNA-damaging agent 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. CDC8 was also found to be inducible by DNA damage, but POL1 and URA3 were not inducible by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. The expression of these genes defines a new mode of regulation for enzymes involved in DNA biosynthesis and sharpens our picture of the events leading to DNA repair in eucaryotic cells.     

葱蝇夏滞育蛹体内DaFOXO1对超氧化物歧化酶基因表达及蛹发育历期的调控作用(英文)

【目的】本研究旨在调查葱蝇Delia antiqua夏滞育蛹体内DaFOXO1对超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)基因表达及蛹发育历期的调控作用。【方法】从葱蝇转录组数据中鉴定DaFOXO1下游铜锌超氧化物歧化酶基因DaCu/Zn SOD和锰超氧化物歧化酶基因DaMn SOD;利用生物信息学工具对DaCu/Zn SOD和DaMn SOD的氨基酸序列特征、亚细胞定位和系统发育关系进行分析。通过qRT-PCR方法分析DaFOXO1, DaCu/Zn SOD和DaMn SOD基因在葱蝇夏滞育蛹不同发育阶段的表达特点;进一步分析DaFOXO1基因被干扰后,葱蝇夏滞育蛹中DaCu/Zn SOD和DaMn SOD基因的表达特点、酶活性变化及对葱蝇夏滞育蛹发育历期的影响。【结果】鉴定到的葱蝇DaCu/Zn SOD(GenBank登录号: KR072551)的开放阅读框长459 bp,编码153个氨基酸,预测蛋白分子量为22.4 kD,等电点为6.44,属于细胞质型铜锌超氧化歧化酶;DaMn SOD(GenBank登录号: KR072549)的开放阅读框长648 bp,编码216个氨基酸,预测蛋白分子量为24.4 kD,等电点为8.85,属于线粒体型锰超氧化物歧化酶。氨基酸序列比对结果显示,DaCu/Zn SOD和DaMn SOD与其他10种双翅目昆虫的同源蛋白有75%~94%的氨基酸序列一致性,且具有典型的SOD家族序列特征;系统发育分析显示它们与铜绿蝇Lucilia cuprina同源蛋白形成高支持率的一支。qRT-PCR分析表明,DaFOXO1基因在滞育前期和滞育后期的表达量较高,而在滞育期的表达量低; DaCu/Zn SOD基因在滞育期和滞育后期呈高表达;但DaMn SOD基因在滞育前期和滞育期的表达量最高,在滞育后期次之。干扰DaFOXO1可显著抑制DaCu/Zn SOD和DaMn SOD的基因表达及相应酶活性,并能明显延长夏滞育蛹的滞育期。【结论】结果说明,DaCu/Zn SOD和DaMn SOD是FOXO1信号网络中的重要成员;DaFOXO1对葱蝇夏滞育蛹蛹期有重要调控作用。