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1.
An immunological gel-diffusion test for the diagnosis of pregnancy in the mare is described. 56 blood samples from 50 different mares were tested. Control tests were made both by the Ashheim-Zondek method and by clinical examination. The accuracy of the immunological method was 96.4 %. No false positive reactions were observed. It is recommended to draw the blood sample at approximately 45 days or more after the last service. The immunological method is simple, cheap and accurate and is recommended as a routine test for the diagnosis of pregnancy in mares. 相似文献
2.
Nils Venhoff Dirk Lebrecht Dietmar Pfeifer Ana C Venhoff Emmanuel Bissé Janbernd Kirschner Ulrich A Walker 《Arthritis research & therapy》2012,14(5):1-11
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) describes a heterogeneous subset of hypogammaglobulinemias of unknown etiology. Typically, patients present with recurrent bacterial infections of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. A significant proportion of CVID patients develops additional autoimmune, inflammatory or lymphoproliferative complications. CVID is the most frequent symptomatic primary immunodeficiency encountered in adults. Informative monogenetic defects have been found in single patients and families but in most cases the pathogenesis is still elusive. Numerous immunological studies have demonstrated phenotypic and functional abnormalities of T cells, B cells and antigen-presenting cells. A hallmark is the impaired memory B-cell formation that has been taken advantage of for classifying CVID patients. Clinical multi-center studies have demonstrated a correlation between immunological markers and clinical presentation. Long-term outcome is significantly influenced by delay of diagnosis and treatment and the presence of chronic inflammatory complications. While immunoglobulin replacement therapy plus antibiotics can control infections in most cases, patients with non-infectious inflammatory complications such as granulomatous inflammation, interstitial lung disease, inflammatory bowel disease, lymphoproliferation and developing malignancies still represent a therapeutic challenge. In this review we provide a systematic overview of the immunological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of CVID and highlight recent developments in these fields. 相似文献
3.
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) describes a heterogeneous subset of hypogammaglobulinemias of unknown etiology. Typically, patients present with recurrent bacterial infections of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. A significant proportion of CVID patients develops additional autoimmune, inflammatory or lymphoproliferative complications. CVID is the most frequent symptomatic primary immunodeficiency encountered in adults. Informative monogenetic defects have been found in single patients and families but in most cases the pathogenesis is still elusive. Numerous immunological studies have demonstrated phenotypic and functional abnormalities of T cells, B cells and antigen-presenting cells. A hallmark is the impaired memory B-cell formation that has been taken advantage of for classifying CVID patients. Clinical multi-center studies have demonstrated a correlation between immunological markers and clinical presentation. Long-term outcome is significantly influenced by delay of diagnosis and treatment and the presence of chronic inflammatory complications. While immunoglobulin replacement therapy plus antibiotics can control infections in most cases, patients with non-infectious inflammatory complications such as granulomatous inflammation, interstitial lung disease, inflammatory bowel disease, lymphoproliferation and developing malignancies still represent a therapeutic challenge. In this review we provide a systematic overview of the immunological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of CVID and highlight recent developments in these fields. 相似文献
4.
Fine needle aspiration (FNA) plays a significant role in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions due to its simplicity and low cost. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the second most common thyroid lesion next to endemic goitre diagnosed on FNA in iodine (I2) deficient areas. Data on its incidence, prevalence and clinicopathological features in I2 deficient areas is scanty compared to I2 sufficient areas. In the present study the patients presented with HT a decade earlier than reported in I2 sufficient areas. Presentation as a nodular thyroid is common. Diagnosis of HT is likely to be missed in smears showing cytological evidence of hyperplasia or abundant colloid. HT was concurrent in 20 cases of endemic goitre. Careful screening for Hurthle cell change and lymphocytic infiltration into follicular cells should be carried out. In equivocal cases multiple punctures and immunological investigations are helpful. In antibody-negative cases repeat FNA at follow-up is useful. Marked lymphocytic infiltration and Hurthle cell change may indicate a hypothyroid state but hormonal levels are required for clinical management. 相似文献
5.
Jessica Morris Patrick M. Stuart Megan Rogge Chloe Potter Nipun Gupta Xiao-Tang Yin 《Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE》2012,(70)
Herpetic eye disease, termed herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK), is a potentially blinding infection of the cornea that results in over 300,000 clinical visits each year for treatment. Between 1 and 2 percent of those patients with clinical disease will experience loss of vision of the infected cornea. The vast majority of these cases are the result of reactivation of a latent infection by herpes simplex type I virus and not due to acute disease. Interestingly, the acute infection is the model most often used to study this disease. However, it was felt that a recurrent model of HSK would be more reflective of what occurs during clinical disease. The recurrent animal models for HSK have employed both rabbits and mice. The advantage of rabbits is that they experience reactivation from latency absent any known stimulus. That said, it is difficult to explore the role that many immunological factors play in recurrent HSK because the rabbit model does not have the immunological and genetic resources that the mouse has. We chose to use the mouse model for recurrent HSK because it has the advantage of there being many resources available and also we know when reactivation will occur because reactivation is induced by exposure to UV-B light. Thus far, this model has allowed those laboratories using it to define several immunological factors that are important to this disease. It has also allowed us to test both therapeutic and vaccine efficacy. 相似文献
6.
Demikhovskaia EV Chudnaia LM Hardy I 《Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii, i immunobiologii》1999,(5):94-98
The immunological effectiveness of the revaccination (made in two injections) of 488 adults aged 18-67 years with diphtheria-tetanus toxoid is discussed; the parallel study of the results of this revaccination was carried out in the diphtheria toxin neutralization test on Vero cells and in the passive hemagglutination (PHA) test. The specific features of the dynamics of the increase of diphtheria antitoxic antibodies, depending on the initial immunity level, the age and the sex of revaccinated persons, were determined. Among persons with the low level of circulating antibodies before revaccination four variants of immune response to the injection of diphtheria toxoid were registered: variant 1--rapid reaction like in secondary immune response (53.6%); variant 2--delayed but effective reaction like in primary immune response (27.3%); variant 3--slow weak response (6.5%); and variant 4--the absence of effective immune response to immunization made in 2-3 injections (12.6%). The immunological and neutralizing properties of diphtheria antitoxic antibodies in the process of immunization made in 2 injections were evaluated. Persons with abnormal immune response (variants 3 and 4) produced defective antibodies, displaying immunological activity in the PHA test, but in most cases unable to neutralize diphtheria toxin in vitro when tested on Vero cells. 相似文献
7.
S Sabbatani A Fini E Raise F M Gritti 《The International journal of biological markers》1989,4(1):40-44
Serum thymidine kinase (TK), measured using Prolifigen TK-REA, from AB Sangtec Medical, was investigated in 24 HIV seropositive patients without immunological alterations, 26 seropositives with immunological alterations, 125 LAS, 25 ARC, and 20 AIDS. Subjects with serological markers of prior EBV, HBV, and CMV infection were included but none with acute infectious mononucleosis or acute viral hepatitis. Serum TK was elevated from the beginning of the HIV infection, the seropositive stage, and more markedly afterwards during the course of the infection, with a close correlation with the stage. TK also increased during AZT treatment, due to bone-marrow toxicity. On lowering the dosage or discontinuing the drug TK returned to basal levels. Although the rise in serum may well not be correlated only with the HIV infection, it does add to the picture given by other clinical and/or laboratory methods. Serum TK can be a helpful laboratory test in the follow-up of patients with HIV infection, especially when serum levels are disproportionate to the stage, opportunistic infections, lymphoproliferative malignancies. In such cases bone-marrow toxicity due to treatment can be suspected. 相似文献
8.
Pseudomonas pseudomallei and melioidosis, with special reference to the status in Thailand 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Melioidosis is a long-known disease since 1912, but only quite recently we have obtained the knowledges about its actual clinical and epidemiological features. The disease is so unique in having a wide spectrum of disease course and clinical manifestation. The causative agent, P. pseudomallei, is free-living bacterium in the natural environments (soil and surface water) of tropical and subtropical areas. Just like legionnaires' disease, melioidosis is a good example of infectious disease in which pneumonia is produced by inhalation of contaminated soil dusts or water droplets. The infection becomes dormant for years, but with a chance of recrudescence under a variety of insults to the host resistance. The disease, may it be acute or chronic, will be symptomatically confused with malaria, typhoid fever, leptospirosis, septicemia caused by other gram-negative bacteria, tuberculosis and mycotic infections. Isolation of the causative agent from clinical specimens is the only reliable method for diagnosis. Because of the increasing clinical awareness and the development of diagnostic methods, the reported cases of melioidosis have numbered almost one thousand in Thailand during the past 20 years. This country has now the most ample clinical experiences on melioidosis. We have reviewed the history of melioidosis research from bacteriological, immunological, clinical and epidemiological viewpoints, especially including the recent reports in Thailand. 相似文献
9.
《Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur》2017,19(6):311-322
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease whose disequilibrium in the host's genetic, immunological and clinical mechanisms leads to distinct manifestations defining the type of immunological response. This review focuses its attention on the influence of the Vitamin D Receptor and hepcidin expressions that can suggest the protection or severity of leprosy. 相似文献
10.
A Le Treut M Catheline R Grangaud 《Comptes rendus des séances de la Société de biologie et de ses filiales》1976,170(1):168-175
A rapidly migrating variant of albumin has been discovered in a 28-year-old breton woman. At least eight relatives also bear the trait. This new variant is described in terms of its electrophoretic mobilities, immunological properties and heat- and storage stability. Two other reports of the slow type are presented, but no family study was performed in these cases. It is suggested that bisalbuminaemia could be a relatively common inherited condition in Brittany. 相似文献
11.
The unique and complex nature of biotechnology-derived pharmaceuticals has meant that it is often not possible to follow the
conventional safety testing programs used for chemicals, and hence they are evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Nonclinical
safety testing programs must be rationally designed with a strong scientific understanding of the product, including its method
of manufacture, purity, sequence, structure, species specificity, pharmacological and immunological effects, and intended
clinical use. This knowledge, coupled with a firm understanding of the regulatory requirements for particular product types,
will ensure that the most sensitive and regulatory-compliant test systems are used to optimize the chances of gaining regulatory
approval for clinical testing or marketing authorization in the shortest possible time frame. 相似文献
12.
目的:探讨玉屏风颗粒联合西咪替丁对过敏性紫癜患儿临床疗效及外周血免疫学指标的影响。方法:选取2017年1月至2019年12月我院68例过敏性紫癜患儿为研究对象,根据随机化原则将受试儿进行分组,其中对照组34例患儿仅接受西咪替丁治疗,研究组45例患儿在对照组的基础上口服玉屏风颗粒治疗,比较两组的治疗效果、治疗前后外周血免疫学指标水平变化及用药安全性。结果:研究组临床治疗总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),治疗前两组各免疫学指标及各炎性因子水平比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),治疗后两组各免疫学指标及各炎性因子水平较治疗前均明显降低,且研究组显著低于对照组(P<0.05),两组治疗期间不良反应发生率无差异(P>0.05)。结论:玉屏风颗粒联合西咪替丁可有效改善患儿的临床症状及外周血免疫学指标,疗效安全显著,值得在过敏性紫癜患儿治疗中应用及推广。 相似文献
13.
Morphometric ultrastructural analysis of nuclear components in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemias
The paper deals with the morphometric ultrastructural analysis of the nuclear components performed in five cases of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. All these cases constituted a homogeneous group in clinical and immunological evaluation. The cases analysed did not differ in cell nucleus and euchromatin volume as well as in their number of nucleoli per one cell profile. 相似文献
14.
15.
Advanced immunological technology has revealed immunological abnormalities not only in some chronic and autoimmune connective
tissue disorders but also in conditions like infective arthritis where infection apparently seems to play the only role. On
the other hand role of infection in the pathogenesis of some connective tissue disorders has recently gained much importance
from the observation of clinical, pathological and immunological similarities between these diseases and certain infectious
diseases occurring in animal models. Meanwhile, knowledge gained into human leucocyte-A system and its association with certain
diseases opens another angle in etiopathogenesis of certain rheumatic diseases. It has been postulated that adaptive mechanism
of a microbe or the binding between the human leucocyte-A molecule and carbohydrate moiety of a microbe may set up an autoimmune
reaction and in the presence of some triggering factors in the environment may lead on to disease manifestations. An attempt
has been made to discuss the role of infection in the outcome of rheumatic diseases such as septic arthritis, polyarteritis
nodosa, rheumatic fever, enteropathic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematoses
in genetically susceptible individuals producing immunological abnormalities. 相似文献
16.
William Amos Ellen Brooks-Pollock Ruth Blackwell Erin Driscoll Martha Nelson-Flower Andrew J. K. Conlan 《PloS one》2013,8(3)
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) imposes an important financial burden on the British
cattle industry, yet despite intense efforts to control its spread, incidence is
currently rising. Surveillance for bTB is based on a skin test that measures an
immunological response to tuberculin. Cattle that fail the test are classified
as “reactors” and slaughtered. Recent studies have identified
genetic markers associated with the reaction of cattle to the tuberculin test.
At marker INRA111 a relatively common ‘22’ genotype occurs
significantly more frequently in non-reactor cattle. Here we test the
possibility that the putative protective ‘22’ genotype does not
confer resistance but instead causes cattle that carry it to react less strongly
to the prescribed test, and hence avoid slaughter, potentially even though they
are infected. We show that, after controlling for age and breed,
‘22’ cattle react less strongly to the immunological challenge and
may therefore be less likely to be classified as a reactor. These results
highlight the potential discrepancy between infection and test status and imply
that the effectiveness of the test-and-slaughter policy may be being compromised
by selection for cattle that are genetically predisposed to react less strongly
to tuberculin. 相似文献
17.
Conventional Methods for the Diagnosis of Dermatophytosis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dermatophytes are keratinolytic fungi responsible for a large variety of diseases that can affect glabrous skin, nails and hair. In many cases, the diagnosis is not clinically obvious, and mycological analysis is required. This includes both direct microscopic examination and cultures. First of all, clinical specimens have to be sampled according to localization and characteristics of the lesions. Direct microscopic examination is usually performed using clearing reagents (KOH or Amman's chloral-lactophenol), but its sensitivity may be greatly enhanced by the use of stains or fluorochromes such as Congo red or Calcofluor white. Histological analysis is an efficient method, but it is constraining for the patients and, as direct examination, it does not allow precise identification of the pathogen. Cultures are therefore needed, and specific culture media may be used to overcome the growth of rapidly growing contaminating moulds which may hamper the recovery of dermatophytes. Identification at the species level which may be useful to initiate an appropriate treatment or for setting prophylactic measures, relies on macroscopic and microscopic morphology. Subcultures on culture media which stimulate conidiation and, for some species, the production of pigments, are often necessary. Additionally, in case of atypical isolates, some biochemical or physiological tests may be performed such as the search for urease activity or the in vitro hair perforation test. However, their contribution to species identification is rather limited, and progress is still needed for the development of biochemical or immunological tests allowing an accurate identification at the species level, pending for the availability of molecular biology-based kits. 相似文献
18.
M M Rementsova L E Tsirelson H A Kasimova 《Archives de l'Institut Pasteur de Tunis》1983,60(3-4):337-341
The study of cellular immunological reactions- lymphocyte blasttransformation reaction (LBTR) and leucocyte migration inhibition test (LMIT) in 201 patients with chronic brucellosis showed that they can be used as additional diagnostic criteria of chronic brucellosis activity estimation, especially in seronegative cases of the disease. On the basis of results obtained a diagnostic table is devised. 相似文献
19.
CLAUDINE MONTGELARD † YVES BENYAMIN† ‡ CLAUDE ROUSTAN‡ LOUIS THALER 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1990,41(1-3):163-169
An immunological test that can be made on living animals is developed to identify M. m. musculus mice from the two other short-tailed mice ( M. spicilegus and M. spretoides ) occurring in Eastern Europe. This test uses fractionated albumin antiserum as an immunological marker and is performed using dot-blot immunoassay. One hundred and twelve animals belonging to the three species and originating from wild-caught mice and from laboratory strains were tested. All the M. m. musculus mice were correctly identified with this test. Owing to its simplicity and reliability, this test will be very useful in field surveys, particularly in the zone of sympatry between M. m. musculus and M. spicilegus . 相似文献
20.
目的:探讨宫颈癌组织中程序性死亡因子配体(Programmed death ligand 1,PD-L1)的表达及临床意义,为宫颈癌免疫治疗提供理论和实验基础。方法:采用免疫组织化学染色的方法检测10例正常宫颈组织、71例宫颈上皮内瘤变(Cervical intraepithelial neoplasias,CIN)组织和89例宫颈癌组织中PD-L1蛋白的表达,分析PD-L1的表达与宫颈癌患者临床病理参数(临床分期、病理类型、年龄、淋巴转移)的相关性。结果:正常宫颈组织中无PD-L1表达,CIN中PD-L1表达的免疫评分低,呈弱阳性;宫颈癌中PD-L1表达的免疫评分高,呈强阳性。CIN和宫颈癌组织中PD-L1的阳性表达率分别为42%(30/41)和75%(66/89),其差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。PD-L1的表达与宫颈癌患者年龄、病理分级、淋巴转移无关(P0.05),而与患者临床分期显著相关(P=0.0021)。结论:PD-L1的表达上调可能参与了宫颈癌的发生和发展。 相似文献