影响口腔鳞状细胞癌患者预后的临床病理因素分析

目的：研究影响口腔鳞状细胞癌（Oral squamous cellcar cinoma,OSCC）术后患者预后的临床病理因素。方法：回顾性研究55例手术治疗的原发口腔鳞状细胞癌患者与预后相关的因素：年龄、性别、发病部位、颈部淋巴结转移情况、肿瘤细胞分化程度等。结果：平均发病年龄为57.35±12.02岁,牙龈鳞癌的复发转移率最高（45.5%）,舌部第二（44%）,颊部第三（37.5%）,唇癌预后最好（0.0%）。术前颈部淋巴结转移情况、肿瘤细胞分化程度与预后有关。肿瘤细胞的分化程度与术前淋巴结转移无显著相关性。术前有颈部淋巴结转移合并中低分化与预后差相关。结论：口腔鳞状细胞癌的预后与发病部位无显著相关性。肿瘤中低分化及术前有淋巴结转移者易出现术后复发转移。     

Iron Metabolism in the Anaemia of Chronic Renal Failure. Effects of Dialysis and of Pareuteral Iron

Serial studies of iron transport in patients on maintenance dialysis showed normal or raised values in almost all subjects and a transient increase soon after the start of dialysis in three. These patients, who were seldom or never transfused, had low serum iron levels and normal iron-binding capacity with low saturation. Iron transport was substantially increased by parenteral iron-dextran treatment. Tracer studies showed good iron utilization, with transport to the marrow rather than to the liver. In these circumstances iron therapy is safe and beneficial, and a useful rise in red cell mass was shown to result from it. The packed cell volume was found to be a valid index of red cell mass in these patients. Red cell loss in the dialysers was insufficient to account for the observed reduction in red cell survival.     

The Effects of Feeding Clinoptilolite on Hematology,Performance, and Health of Newborn Lambs

The effects of feeding clinoptilolite on hematology, performance, and health of newborn Balouchi lambs were evaluated in this experiment. In a completely randomized design, 30 newborn lambs were allocated to three groups and fed by basal diet (C0; without clinoptilolite) and C1 and C2 (the basal diet plus 1.5% and 3% clinoptilolite, respectively, for 6 weeks (3 weeks before and 3 weeks after weaning)). Blood samples were taken from all lambs, at the time when the animals were allocated to the experimental diet and at the end of each week of experiment, and analyzed for hematology, plasma fibrinogen, and total protein. Performance and health of all lambs were measured. Fecal consistency score and diarrhea severity were evaluated. There was no difference between lambs in case of hematological parameters. Lambs fecal consistency score and severity of diarrhea were lowest (P < 0.05) for lambs on C1 and C2 and highest for lambs on C0. Dry matter intake and feed conservation ratio were similar between the groups of lambs fed by different diets, but daily gain of lambs differed significantly (P < 0.05) and was higher in C2. It was concluded that addition of 3% clinoptilolite to starter diet of newborn lamb can reduce incidence and severity of diarrhea, although its effect on hematology and performance was negligible.     

Receptors: Perspectives in Pathology and Clinical Medicine

Abstract

Life implies organization and thus regulation. This requires intraand intercellular communication and communication with the environment. The exchange of information is to a large extent based on messenger molecules with the capacity to interact selectively with and to activate particular molecular receivers, the receptors. Receptor dysfunction may be a factor in the aetiology of various diseases. Receptor research has evolved to a separate discipline “receptorology”. This should not hamper the development of applied or clinical receptorology. Various aspects thereof are discussed such as: inborn errors of receptor function, receptor-autoimmune diseases, receptors and cancer, iatrogenic receptor imbalance, receptor histochemistry, receptors and targeting of drugs, and radio-receptor assay. Attention is paid to receptor differentiation and particularly to receptor denomination. Here for practical reasons a self-evident, rational, and simple system is required. Receptorology may, even more than enzymology, contribute to a reintegration of various physiological disciplines, including biochemistry, endocrinology, immunology, neurology and particularly also pathology, leading to molecular physiology. The adaptation of methods and techniques common in receptor research to the needs of clinical sciences is an important step in that direction.     

Oral Iron Treatment Has a Positive Effect on Iron Metabolism in Elite Soccer Players

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of oral iron supplementation on hematological and iron metabolism in elite soccer players. Thirty-five members of the Real Zaragoza SAD soccer team took part in this study: group A (GA, n = 24; Spanish Premier League) took an oral iron supplement of 80 mg day⁻¹ for 3 weeks, and group B (GB, n = 11; Spanish Third Division League) did not receive any supplementation. In GA, the parameters were measured before and after giving the iron supplements, while in GB, measurements were only made at the time of collecting the second set of data from GA. After supplementation, GA showed an increase in serum iron (SI) (P < 0.05), serum ferritin (Ftn) (P < 0.01), and transferrin saturation (Sat) (P < 0.01) with respect to the basal values. In addition, GA showed higher values of hematocrit (P < 0.01), mean corpuscular volume (P < 0.01), Ftn (P < 0.01), and Sat (P < 0.01) than GB. No significant differences were found in any other parameters. More specifically, a higher percentage of players had Ftn levels above upper limits in GA vs. GB (P < 0.05), and GB had a higher incidence of Ftn below lower limits with respect to subjects in GA (P < 0.01). Further, after treatment, 58.3% of GA had >800 mg of SI, while all players in GB presented levels below the lower limits. In conclusion, iron supplementation with 80 mg·day⁻¹ for 3 weeks, before the start of the soccer season, can be recommended for elite soccer players.     

Effects of Vitamin C Supplementation on Performance,Iron Status and Immune Function of Weaned Piglets

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of vitamin C supplementation on performance, iron status and immune function of pigs during the 21-day post-weaning period. In experiment one, 48 crossbred pigs (Chester White ‐ Large White ‐ Yorkshire), weaned at 30 days of age and weighing 7.7 ± 0.9kg, were allotted to diets containing either 0 or 300 mg/kg vitamin C. In experiment two, 96 crossbred pigs (Chester White ‐ Large White ‐ Yorkshire), weaned at 20 ± 2 days and weighing 7.1 ± 0.5kg, were allotted to diets containing 0,75 or 300 mg/kg vitamin C. Six replicate pens were assigned to each treatment in experiment one while experiment two had eight replicates. All pens housed two barrows and two gilts. In both experiments, no improvement (P > 0.05) in growth rate, feed intake or feed conversion was observed as a result of vitamin C supplementation. Plasma iron concentration increased (P < 0.10) with increased vitamin C in the diet while free and total iron binding capacity were unaffected by treatment. There were no differences in the intradermal response to the mitogen phytohemaggutinin used as an indicator of cellular immunity (P > 0.05). In trial 2, the plasma levels of the immunoglobulin IgG showed a linear (P = 0.07) increase with increasing levels of vitamin C and the same trend was noted in trial 1. Antibody titers to bovine serum albumin also tended to increase in both trials but the increases were not statistically significant. In conclusion, the overall results of these experiments indicate that weanling pig performance is not improved as a result of vitamin C supplementation. Whether or not vitamin C plays a role in stimulating humoral immune function in pigs requires further study since the results of our experiments do not completely rule out the possibility that such a role exists.     

Switching Patients with Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease from Oral Iron to Intravenous Ferric Carboxymaltose: Effects on Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent Requirements,Costs, Hemoglobin and Iron Status

Background

Patients with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (ND-CKD) often receive an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) and oral iron treatment. This study evaluated whether a switch from oral iron to intravenous ferric carboxymaltose can reduce ESA requirements and improve iron status and hemoglobin in patients with ND-CKD.

Methods

This prospective, single arm and single-center study included adult patients with ND-CKD (creatinine clearance ≤40 mL/min), hemoglobin 11–12 g/dL and iron deficiency (ferritin <100 μg/L or transferrin saturation <20%), who were regularly treated with oral iron and ESA during 6 months prior to inclusion. Study patients received an intravenous ferric carboxymaltose dose of 1,000 mg iron, followed by a 6-months ESA/ ferric carboxymaltose maintenance regimen (target: hemoglobin 12 g/dL, transferrin saturation >20%). Outcome measures were ESA dose requirements during the observation period after initial ferric carboxymaltose treatment (primary endpoint); number of hospitalizations and transfusions, renal function before and after ferric carboxymaltose administration, number of adverse reactions (secondary endpoints). Hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, ferritin and transferrin saturation were measured monthly from baseline until end of study. Creatinine clearance, proteinuria, C-reactive protein, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase bimonthly from baseline until end of study.

Results

Thirty patients were enrolled (age 70.1±11.4 years; mean±SD). Mean ESA consumption was significantly reduced by 83.2±10.9% (from 41,839±3,668 IU/patient to 6,879±4,271 IU/patient; p<0.01). Hemoglobin increased by 0.7±0.3 g/dL, ferritin by 196.0±38.7 μg/L and transferrin saturation by 5.3±2.9% (month 6 vs. baseline; all p<0.01). No ferric carboxymaltose-related adverse events were reported and no patient withdrew or required transfusions during the study.

Conclusion

Among patients with ND-CKD and stable normal or borderline hemoglobin, switching from oral iron to intravenous ferric carboxymaltose was associated with significant improvements in hematological and iron parameters and a significant reduction in ESA dose requirements in this single-center pilot study.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02232906     

Comparison of Oral and Parenteral Iron Administration on Iron Homeostasis,Oxidative and Immune Status in Anemic Neonatal Pigs

Biological Trace Element Research - The present study was to evaluate the consequences of iron status across oral and parenteral iron administrations in prevention of iron deficiency anemia. A...     

Maternal Behavior,Posture Change,and Production Performance of Lactating Sows Housed in an Enriched Environment

This study aimed to evaluate whether adding straw to a loose-farrowing house promotes maternal functions and production. Forty-eight sows (Landrace× Large White) were housed in either a farrowing pen without straw (C, n = 24) or with straw (S, n = 24). Behaviors were observed using video recordings and were statistically analyzed. Lateral recumbency was higher and standing was lower in S compared with C (p = .034 and p = .020, respectively), and lateral recumbency to other postures, ventral to lateral recumbency and standing to lying were markedly lower in S than C (p = .014, p = .025 and p = .023, respectively) on Day 1 postpartum. However, except piglet losses during the first three days postpartum (p = .032), piglet weight on Day 21 (p = .037), and piglet weaning weight (p = .020), other production performances were not significantly different between the two groups during the whole experimental period (p ?.05). The results suggest the enrichment of a farrowing pen with straw has important beneficial effects on sow and piglet welfare and improves piglet survival rates.     

Effects of Parenteral Supply of Iron on RBC Parameters,Performance, and Health in Neonatal Dairy Calves

The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of parenteral iron on red blood cell parameters, performance, and health in dairy Holstein calves. Twenty neonatal calves were equally divided at random into two groups, one of which served as controls. Care was taken to ensure homogeneity of sex, age, and general health status of the animals. The controls received a normal diet and water ad libitum, while the study animals were injected with 1 g iron as Fe-dextran 2 days after birth. A daily record was kept of the calves’ weight and growth parameters. At periods of 24–48 h after birth and at 14, 28, and 42 days of age, jugular blood was drawn from all the experimental and control animals to measure the packed cell volume, red blood count, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and iron levels. At the start of the experiments, there were no significant differences between these parameters between the two study groups (p > 0.05). With time, significant differences were seen between most of the values measured (p < 0.05) except for the mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and iron level. Significant differences were seen for total weight gain and mean daily weight gain, which were higher in the iron-supplemented group (p < 0.05).