RT套式PCR检测血浆HCV RNA及与抗HCV检测的比较

应用微量血清热变性法提取核酸,逆转录套式聚合酶链反应(RT-nest PCR)检测血浆HCV RNA,并与抗HCV ELISA检测结果比较,对HCV RNA阳性标本进行HGV RNA的筛查.结果在32例抗HCV阳性和20例抗HCV阴性血浆中,HCV RNA分别检出18例和2例,总符合率为70%,20例HCV RNA阳性者中有2例合并感染HBV,1例合并感染HGV.证明血浆样本中抗HCV与HCV RNA间存在很大的相关性.     

邢台市健康献血员TT病毒感染状况初探

目的：探讨当地健康人群TT病毒(TTV)感染状况及其在人体内长期存在的意义。方法：选择邢台市志愿献血员(120名)进行TTV感染情况检测,利用N22 PCR和UTR PCR两种方法。结果：N22 PCR方法血清中TTV阳性率为30．00％,UTR PCR方法血清中TTV阳性率为100％。结论：说明邢台市区健康人群中存在有TTV感染,并与贵州(6．45％)、深圳(7．80％)等地区报告的TTV DNA阳性率不同。     

新肝炎病毒TTV在各类高危人群中的感染状况和分子流行病学研究

目的观察新肝炎病毒TTV在各类高危人群中的感染状况、基因分型及其在肝病发生和发展过程中的作用。方法在日本株TTVORF1保守区设计了两对套式引物,采用巢式聚合酶链反应扩增血清TTVDNA,并对产物进行分子克隆和部分基因序列分析。结果在非甲-戊型和非庚型肝炎病人、血清HBsAg阳性的肝炎病人、正常献血员、肝炎肝硬化病人、原发性肝癌病人、静脉内吸毒者和女性与男性性乱者中,血清TTVDNA阳性率分别为43.2％(16/37)、28.8％(15/52)、9.3％(4/43)、51.9％(14/27)、38.5％(5/13)、35.0％(14/40)、17.3％(8/45)和18.8％(3/16)。其中非甲-戊型和非庚型肝炎病人、血清HBsAg阳性肝炎病人的ALT平均为(472士276)u·L-1和(385士218)u·L-1;肝炎肝硬化病人TTVDNA阳性率显著高于HBsAg阳性肝炎病人。同时,从非甲-戊型和非庚型肝炎病人、血清HBsAg阳性肝炎病人、正常献血员、静脉内吸毒者和女性性乱者中,分别获得6份TTVDNAORF1克隆,其基因序列与日本株TTVORF1部分基因核苷酸序列同源性为97％～99％,均属于TTV1a型。结论TTV感染和ALT升高存在一定的关系;我国各类高危人群感染TTV以1a型为主,TTV基因型与疾病发生和传播方式关系不大。国内首次报导性传播的TTVDNA基因型。     

延边地区丙型肝炎患者合并TT病毒感染的检测

检测丙型肝炎患者血清标本中的TT病毒 (transfusiontransmittedvirus,TTV) ,了解延边地区丙型肝炎患者合并TTV感染状况。采用ELISA检测抗TTVIgG和巢式PCR检测丙型肝炎病毒 (HCV)感染患者血清中TTVDNA。采用全自动生化分析仪检测患者血清谷氨酸氨基转移酶 (ALT)和谷氨酸草酰乙酸氨基转移酶 (AST)。 4 5例丙型肝炎患者抗TTVIgG阳性率为 37.8% (17/45 ) ,巢式PCR阳性率为 4 2 .2 % (19/45 )。延边地区HCV感染患者重叠感染TTV较常见。     

血液透析患者输血传播肝相关病毒感染的调查

使用PCR结合微板杂交-ELISA及DNA序列分析技术,分别研究了维持性血液透析患者输血传播性HBV、HCV、HDV、HGV、TTV感染状况,并对HBV、TTV进行基因分型、TTV基因变异状况进行分析.除HDV外,发现血液透析患者中存在多重感染.HBV基因型以C型为主,B型次之.TTV分离株中,G1型为主,G2型次之.TTV基因变异可达39.7%.     

CRF01-AE亚型人类免疫缺陷病毒的基因序列特征研究

从确诊的HIV-1感染者的全血样本中提取基因组DNA,经套式聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增其gag蛋白P17/P24交界区基因片断后,将扩增产物进行纯化和测序,分析其氨基酸序列。进而了解所检出的病毒基因变异和分子流行病学特征。结果发现,HIV-1 CRF01-AE亚型病毒分别与3株不同来源的国际参考毒株具有紧密的亲缘关系,表明这些毒株可能分别由不同的传播路线进入我国大陆境内。     

检测低拷贝数HBVDNA含量的临床研究

目的:了解不同试剂在应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR)以及巢式PCR方法在检测低拷贝数的HBV DNA量的差异与灵敏度.方法:用上海复星医学科技发展有限公司(A方法)检测出了68例HBV DNA结果为5.1× 101-1.0× 103拷贝数/毫升的低拷贝数标本.然后,三家不同公司的试剂(方法B、方法C、方法D)对这些样本进行复核.另外,巢式聚合酶链反应PCR法检测此68例标本.随访巢式PCR结果为阳性的10例低拷贝数HBV DNA的病人.结果:用四种方法(A、B、C、D)检测的68个样本的HBV DNA拷贝数结果如下:无拷贝(0,9,12,4);101-102 (21,17,18,22);102-103(47,36,28,35),大于103(0,6,10,7).同时,用巢式聚合酶链反应检测此68例标本,有55例检测为阳性,有13为阴性结果.巢式PCR结果为阳性的10例低拷贝数HBV DNA含量的病人,随访发现此10病人有8例均在1～3月后出现HBV DNA的反跳,并伴肝功能的不正常,其HBV DNA的含量均在104拷贝数/毫升以上.结论:目前所用的实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR)的方法和试剂对低拷贝数HBV DNA存在不稳定性和不确定性.巢式PCR法对低拷贝数HBV DNA的检测灵敏度要远高于实时荧光定量PCR法.该研究提示测对抗病毒治疗过程中患者进行低拷贝数HBV DNA的检将提供有效的药物评价和预后信息.     

在诊断结核性脑膜炎中聚合酶链反应与其他方法的比较

本研究对1997年4月～1998年6月来自131个病人的131份标本进行了插入序列(IS)6110的套式聚合酶链反应(PCR)分析.如果所取标本量＞1 ml,则多余的脑脊液接种在MB BaeT培养基及Lowenstein-Jensen斜面上进行培养;如果标本量＜1 ml,则所有标本均用来作PCR.     

15株中国TT病毒基因型鉴定和部分序列分析

TT病毒(TTV)为一种新鉴定的输血后肝炎相关的病毒.用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增TTV DNA序列核苷酸1915到2185之间的片段,并将该片段克隆入pGEM-T Easy载体.重组克隆经酶切鉴定后,用全自动测序仪测序,发现本组病例中15株TTV毒株间的同源性在66.8%到99.3%之间,与TTV日本株比较同源性在66.1%到97.4%之间,分析结果显示在我国不仅有国外已报告的不同基因亚型毒株存在,而且,分离到的3株TTV毒株与日本株G1组和G2组的异源性分别达到13.3%-33.2%,可能为新的TTV基因亚型.     

检测低拷贝数HBV DNA含量的临床研究

目的:了解不同试剂在应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR)以及巢式PCR方法在检测低拷贝数的HBV DNA量的差异与灵敏度。方法:用上海复星医学科技发展有限公司(A方法)检测出了68例HBV DNA结果为5.1×101-1.0×103拷贝数/亳升的低拷贝数标本。然后,三家不同公司的试剂(方法 B、方法 C、方法 D)对这些样本进行复核。另外,巢式聚合酶链反应PCR法检测此68例标本。随访巢式PCR结果为阳性的10例低拷贝数HBV DNA的病人。结果:用四种方法(A、B、C、D)检测的68个样本的HBV DNA拷贝数结果如下:无拷贝(0,9,12,4);101-102(21,17,18,22);102-103(47,36,28,35),大于103(0,6,10,7)。同时,用巢式聚合酶链反应检测此68例标本,有55例检测为阳性,有13为阴性结果。巢式PCR结果为阳性的10例低拷贝数HBV DNA含量的病人,随访发现此10病人有8例均在1~3月后出现HBV DNA的反跳,并伴肝功能的不正常,其HBV DNA的含量均在104拷贝数/毫升以上。结论:目前所用的实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR)的方法和试剂对低拷贝数HBV DNA存在不稳定性和不确定性。巢式PCR法对低拷贝数HBV DNA的检测灵敏度要远高于实时荧光定量PCR法。该研究提示测对抗病毒治疗过程中患者进行低拷贝数HBV DNA的检将提供有效的药物评价和预后信息。     

Co-infections with hepatitis G and TT virus in patients with chronic hepatitis C in Hungary

The significance of co-infections with novel hepatitis viruses Hepatitis G (GBV-C, HGV) and TT virus (TTV) in chronic hepatitis C is not clear. We determined the prevalence of HGV RNA and TTV DNA in chronic hepatitis C patients and in asymptomatic hepatitis C virus (HCV) carriers, and assessed the influence of these agents on the course of HCV infection. Seventy-seven patients with chronic hepatitis C--50 of them treated with interferon (IFN)--and 33 HCV carriers with normal alanine aminotransferase have been investigated. Previous HBV infection was detected by testing serum HBsAg and aHBc. HGV RNA and TTV DNA were detected by PCR. In the healthy population, the prevalence of anti-HCV was 0.3%, HGV RNA 8.0% and TTV DNA 18.5%. In chronic hepatitis C HGV RNA occurred in 9.09% and TTV DNA in 40.25% of cases. In IFN-treated patients with sustained remission, the frequency of TTV was 20% vs. 45.7% found in non-responders. Among asymptomatic HCV-carriers, the prevalence of HGV RNA was 9.09% and TTV DNA 75.7%. Neither HGV RNA nor TTV DNA had apparent effect on the HCV infection. TTV was detected with the lowest frequency in persons with sustained remission due to IFN, suggesting antiviral effect of IFN on TTV.     

闽南地区TT病毒的变异及经输血传播的初步证据

TT virus(TTV)DNA was tested by nested-PCR from sera of hepatitis patients and volunteer blood donors in Minnan area. The amplified segment was a 189 base pair region in TTV ORF2. A total of six sequences were obtained from three non-A to G hepatits patients and two from volunteer blood donors. The sequences were found to be with 82.9% to 99.3% homology to TTV Japanese strain and Chinese strain. The divergence of sequence in these six segments varied from 0.7% to 17.1%, which indicated that the TTV had been existing for a long time in this area. In the serum of a non-A to G hepatitis patient who was negative for TTV DNA in the 14th day of disease course turned to be positive in the 30th day, two TTV sequences were obtained which showed 92.1% nucleotide homology. It indicated that different TTV strains can co exist in the same person. This patient's blood had been transfused ten times between the collection of his TTV negative sample and his positive serum sample. Seven of the blood donors were traced and sampled for sera, of which three were positive for TTV. For all 161 patients tested, the history of exposure to blood products was associated with an increased risk of TTV infection(relative risk, 3.0; 95% confidence intervals, 1.89～4.81).     

Detection of TTV in peripheral blood cells from patients with altered ALT and AST levels

This work analyzes the prevalence of TTV DNA in peripheral blood cells from patients with hepatic alterations and healthy blood donors and measures levels of sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine, phosphatase alkaline, total and direct bilirubin, gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in certain randomly selected patients. DNA samples from 111 individuals were evaluated. They were divided into two groups, "A" (study) and "B" (control), including 54 patients with liver enzyme alterations (ALT/AST) presenting non-B-non-C hepatitis and 57 blood donors, respectively. TTV DNA was determined by nested PCR. Certain products of the second-round PCR were sequenced. Serum biochemical assay was performed and disclosed TTV in 31.48% (17/54) of patients in group A and 5.26% (3/57) in the control group B. TTV prevalence was significantly higher in patients with liver disease than in healthy donors. In group A, sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine, phosphatase alkaline, total and direct bilirubin, gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were analyzed in certain randomly selected patients and no significant difference in biochemical levels (p>0.05) was found when TTV infected and noninfected individuals were compared. Knowledge related to TTV has rapidly increased, but many fundamental aspects remain unclear. This led us to question the role of TTV and doubt remains as to whether or not it is just a commensal virus. Further studies are necessary to confirm and extend these findings.     

The high prevalence of Torque teno virus DNA in blood donors and haemodialysis patients in southern Brazil

This study investigates the frequency of Torque teno virus (TTV) infection in 150 blood donors and 77 patients requiring haemodialysis in southern Brazil. Plasma samples were screened for TTV DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalences of TTV among blood donors and patients requiring haemodialysis were 73.3% and 68.8%, respectively. The presence of TTV was correlated with age in the blood donors (p = 0.024). In haemodialysis patients, no association was found between TTV infection and the demographic parameters (age, sex and education), the duration of haemodialysis or a history of blood transfusion. This study is the first to evaluate the prevalence of TTV infection in Brazilian patients requiring haemodialysis.     

血液透析患者输血传播肝相关病毒感染的调查

使用PCR结合微板杂交-ELtSA及DNA序列分析技术,分别研究了维持性血液透析患者输血传播性HBV、HCV、HDV、HGV、TTV感染状况,并对HBV、TTV进行基因分型、TTV基因变异状况进行分析。除HDV外,发现血液透析患者中存在多重感染。HBV基因型以C型为主,B型次之。TTV分离株中,G1型为主,G2型次之。TTV基因变异可达39．7％。     

TT型病毒基因组的克隆与进化分析

利用PCR方法从输血传播性病毒 (transfusiontransmittedvirus,TTV)阳性标本中获得不同长度且重叠覆盖TTV基因组的DNA片段。将PCR扩增片段克隆到pT Adv载体中 ,筛选获得阳性克隆。DNA序列测定结果表明所克隆的片段为TTV基因组序列。利用DNA片段中特有的限制性内切酶位点将TTV的DNA片段首尾相连 ,得到近全长的基因组克隆 ,命名为TTV0 2 1。对TTV0 2 1的核酸序列进行分析 ,TTV0 2 1长 3472nt,存在 2个阅读框架ORF1和ORF2 ,分别编码 785和 1 46个氨基酸。将TTV0 2 1与其它已知的TTV基因组全序列进行了同源性比较 ,并进行进化分析。结果表明 ,TTV0 2 1序列与TTV分离株CHN2、BDH1的遗传距离较近 ,而与其它分离株相对较远。     

Prevalence and genotypes of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus among blood donors in Central Brazil

A survey was conducted in a blood donor population of Central Brazil aiming to investigate the prevalence of GB virus C (GBV-C)/hepatitis G virus (HGV) infection and also to analyze the virus genotypes distribution. A total of 241 voluntary blood donors were interviewed at the State Blood Bank in Goiania, State of Goiás, Brazil. Blood samples were collected and serum samples tested for GBV-C/HGV RNA by polymerase chain reaction. Genotypes were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Seventeen samples were GBV-C/HGV RNA-positive, resulting in a prevalence of 7.1% (95% CI: 4.2-11.1). A significant trend of GBV-C/HGV RNA positivity in relation to age was observed, with the highest prevalence in donors between 29-39 years old. Ten infected individuals were characterized by reporting parenteral (30%), sexual (18%), both (6%) and intrafamiliar (6%) transmission. However, 7 (40%) GBV-C/HGV RNA-positive donors did not mention any potential transmission route. RFLP analysis revealed the presence of genotypes 1 and 2 of GBV-C/HGV; more precisely, 10 (58.9%) samples were found belonging to the 2b subtype, 4 (23.5%) to the 2a subtype, and 3 (17.6%) to genotype 1. The present data indicate an intermediate endemicity of GBV-C/HGV infection among this blood donor population, and a predominant circulation of genotype 2 (subtype 2b) in Central Brazil.     

Hepatitis G virus (GBV-C) infection among Brazilian patients with chronic liver disease and blood donors

Background: The recently discovered hepatitis G virus (HGV) belongs, as hepatitis C virus (HCV), to the Flaviviridae family. HGV has been isolated from the serum of patients with non A-E hepatitis. However, the association of HGV with hepatitis is uncertain.Objective: To determine the HGV prevalence in blood donors and in patients with liver disease and to evaluate a possible correlation between HGV infection and liver disease.Study design: Sera from a total of 113 consecutive patients with chronic liver disease were submitted to a series of liver enzymes and function tests and analyzed for the presence of HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc, anti-HCV, HCV RNA and HGV RNA. Prevalence of HGV RNA was determined in a group of 87 blood donors.Results: Nine (10%) sera from blood donors and 15 (13%) sera from patients with chronic liver disease were HGV RNA positive. Some 28 (25%) patients were HCV RNA positive, with genotypes 1a, 1b and 3 present in 10, 12 and 5 patients, respectively. A total of 20 (18%) patients were HBsAg carriers. Five (4%) patients were double infected (one with HBV+HCV, one with HBV+HGV and three with HCV+HGV).Conclusion: The proportion (10%) of HGV-infected blood donors was very high when compared with other countries. The results did not allow to establish HGV as an etiologic agent for chronic liver disease. The parenteral route was the presumed means of HGV transmission for only one-third of the patients.