组蛋白乙酰转移酶PCAF通过与PML蛋白的作用而定位于细胞核ND10结构

PCAF(P300/CBP associated factor,P300/CBP相关因子)是一种重要的组蛋白乙酰转移酶,主要通过使核小体组蛋白发生乙酰化而参与基因转录的调控。P300/CBP是一种能够与PCAF相互作用的宿主细胞蛋白,定位于细胞核ND10结构(nuclear dot10)。ND10是由70余种蛋白质分子组成的、以分散的斑点或团块样方式存在于细胞核内的大分子复合物,与基因转录调控过程有着密切关系。早幼粒细胞白血病蛋白(promyelocytic leukemia protein,PML)是ND10的主要组成成分,对于维持ND10的正常结构与功能至关重要。在成功构建pGBK-PML3、pGAD-PCAF、pGEX-PCAF、pFlag-PCAF和pcDNA-PML3重组质粒的基础上,用酵母双杂交证明PCAF与PML3之间存在着相互作用;用GST-pull down技术证明GST-PCAF能够将PML3蛋白捕获并沉降下来,表明在体外条件下两者之间存在直接的相互作用;用免疫共沉淀和荧光共定位证明在体内PCAF能够与PML发生直接的相互作用而定位于ND10。这些结果为进一步深入研究PCAF的生物学功能和作用模式奠定了基础。     

重组p300组蛋白乙酰转移酶结构域的表达及应用

组蛋白乙酰化修饰是基因起始转录的关键步骤. p300等组蛋白乙酰转移酶（HATs）催化组蛋白和非组蛋白的乙酰化. HATs具有多种细胞功能,而且乙酰化对底物蛋白的功能改变也具有重要功能. 组蛋白乙酰转移酶p300可乙酰化多种细胞内蛋白,某些病毒蛋白与p300有相互作用并促进病毒复制. 因此, p300是细胞内具有广泛功能的转录激活因子. 组蛋白乙酰转移酶结构域（HAT区）是p300乙酰化酶活性的最小中心功能域,在p300乙酰化底物中具有重要功能. 本文重组表达了对应p300 HAT区的GST-p300 HAT蛋白,对其乙酰化酶的活性进行检测. 结果证实,p300 HAT蛋白在体外可高效乙酰化组蛋白H3. 随后,对体外乙酰化反应的条件进行优化. 总之,本文构建了一种简单高效、非放射性体外乙酰化体系,适用于对潜在底物蛋白的乙酰化水平和机制进行分析,以及乙酰化蛋白的相关功能的研究.     

家蚕MYST组蛋白乙酰转移酶基因Bm-mof的克隆表达和转录活性检测

MYST组蛋白乙酰转移酶(histone acetyltransferase, HAT)广泛存在于从酵母到人的真核生物中,在真核生物的转录调控中起着重要的作用。利用NCBI已登录的其他物种该基因的氨基酸序列与家蚕的基因组框架图和表达序列标签（expressed sequence tags, EST）数据库进行电子克隆,获得了家蚕中的同源基因。该基因长1 575 bp（GenBank登录号为DQ442997）,开放阅读框(ORF)长1 326 bp,无内含子。基因编码442个氨基酸,预测蛋白质的分子量为51.4 kD。序列中有HAT核心结构域、锌指结构域和染色质域3个保守的结构域,与其他物种同源基因具有较高的序列相似性。RT-PCR结果表明该基因在本实验所检测的家蚕各时期和组织中均有表达。将该基因用亚克隆的方法导入到pET50b载体中并成功地进行了原核表达,表达出了带有6个组氨酸和1个Nus·Tag标签的重组蛋白。     

拟南芥乙酰羟酸合成酶(AHAS)点突变原核表达与活性测定

拟南芥乙酰羟酸合成酶(AHAS)参与支链氨基酸合成。为考察AHAS不同结构域对支链氨基酸合成的影响,分别对其大小亚基上特定位点进行点突变后进行原核表达,体外重组后对其全酶活性进行测定,并对其终端产物之一——缬氨酸对AHAS全酶活性的影响进行探讨。结果显示:AHAS小亚基G88D突变将解除其终端产物的反馈抑制作用,而大亚基E305D与E482D的突变降低AHAS全酶活性,且2种不同突变大亚基对AHAS全酶活性影响存在差异。AHAS大亚基E482D突变较E305D突变影响更大。研究结果表明:AHAS大小亚基间存在着相互作用,且大小亚基不同结构域突变对AHAS全酶活性具有不同的影响。     

p300/CBP及其相关因子PCAF与转录调控

p300/CBP及相关因子PCAF具有乙酰转移酶活性,能通过乙酰化组蛋白和非组蛋白的方式参与基因的转录调控.同时,它们能在转录因子和基本转录复合物之间起到桥梁作用,而且也能为整合多种转录因子提供支架,是一种典型的转录辅激活子. p300/CBP与细胞周期调控、细胞凋亡以及癌症的发生等过程之间有着直接的联系。本文概括了p300/CBP与PCAF的基本特性,并简要介绍它们与其他蛋白之间的相互作用,特别是E1A的最新研究进展。     

sTRAIL基因的表达、纯化及其生物学活性的初步研究

在原核表达系统中表达重组人可溶性肿瘤坏死因子相关的凋亡诱导配体(sTRAIL)分子,纯化表达产物,并进行初步的生物学活性的研究中,通过提取外周血淋巴细胞总RNA进行RT—PCR克隆sTRAIL cDNA,构建sTRAIL的原核表达载体,用限制性酶切和DNA测序进行鉴定,IPTG诱导表达。以发酵罐放大培养,SDS-PAGE和Western-blot确认表达,用亲和层析和阳离子层析纯化表达产物,使用L929、Qay肝癌、K562人白血病等肿瘤细胞鉴定活性。结果发现重组表达的sTRAIL融合蛋白占总蛋白的39％,单纯蛋白纯化后纯度达95％,用抗人TRAIL多抗可以确认表达了TRAIL分子,能诱导几株肿瘤细胞凋亡。原核表达系统正确表达了TRAIL分子,并摸索了中试生产的条件,为其在肿瘤生物治疗中的应用奠定了基础。     

HOXA10直接调控人子宫内膜间质细胞中p/CAF启动子的活性

目的：筛选与鉴定转录因子同源框蛋白（HOX）A10下游靶基因。方法：用Ad-HOXA10重组腺病毒感染人子宫内膜间质细胞,通过染色体免疫共沉淀（ChIP）方法,筛选HOXA10的下游靶基因;采用萤光素酶报告基因实验结合腺病毒介导的HOXA10过表达和小干扰RNA介导的基因沉默实验,分析HOXA10对下游靶基因的转录调控作用。结果：ChIP-PCR筛选并鉴定p/CAF（p300/CBP相关因子）为HOXA10直接作用的靶基因;过表达HOXA10抑制p/CAF启动子活性达60%;基因沉默内源性HOXA10的表达可以激活p/CAF启动子活性超过2倍以上。结论：p/CAF是HOXA10新的靶基因,HOXA10可能通过调节p/CAF的表达来调控子宫内膜的发育。     

His-FemA融合蛋白表达载体的构建及其在原核细胞中的表达

目的 构建His标签的金黄色葡萄球菌甲氧西林耐药相关蛋白FemA的融合蛋白表达载体,并在大肠埃希菌中表达,为进一步研究femA基因的生物学功能和临床应用奠定基础.方法 根据GenBank中金黄色葡萄球菌femA基因序列,利用Primer Premier 5.0设计PCR引物,并在引物的5'加入BamHI及SalI酶切位点;以金黄色葡萄球菌基因组DNA为模版,PCR扩增出femA基因片段.将目的DNA片段及质粒pQE30分别进行双酶切、连接并转化大肠埃希菌DH5α;阳性克隆以PCR、双酶切及测序进行鉴定.将鉴定正确的pQE30-femA重组质粒转化大肠埃希菌JM109,异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达His-femA融合蛋白;采用SDS-PAGE及Western blot分析对表达蛋白进行验证.结果 经PCR、双酶切签定及序列测定,证实重组质粒pQE30-femA构建成功;重组质粒pQE30-femA转化大肠埃希菌JM109经IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析显示表达出53 kD目的蛋白;经Bandscan软件分析,目的蛋白质在4h的表达量占细胞总蛋白的27.5％.结论 成功构建了His-FemA原核表达载体(pQE30-femA),并在大肠埃希菌中高效表达.     

重组人TNF-α在大肠杆菌表达、纯化及生物学活性鉴定

[目的]获得人TNF-α蛋白,并鉴定其生物学活性。[方法]通过对人源TNF-α序列进行密码子优化构建了p Cold-TNFα原核表达载体,完成了TNF-α重组蛋白的表达,建立了两步分离纯化方案,并利用Western Blot和细胞刺激实验检测了重组人TNF-α蛋白抗原性和生物学活性。[结果]利用大肠杆菌成功表达重组人TNF-α蛋白,经酶切纯化后的人TNF-α蛋白不含标签序列,纯度达95%,收率约70%,并具有良好的生物学活性。[结论]获得具有生物学活性的人TNF-α蛋白,为进一步的中和抗体研究奠定了基础。     

拟南芥甘露糖苷酶Ⅰ和人 N-乙酰葡萄糖胺转移酶Ⅰ的原核表达及其多克隆抗体制备

目的：在大肠杆菌中分别重组表达拟南芥甘露糖苷酶Ⅰ（ATMDSI）和人N-乙酰葡萄糖胺转移酶I（HsGnTI）,制备其多克隆抗体,为基因表达鉴定提供检测抗体。方法：用PCR方法克隆ATMDSI、HsGnTI基因片段,连接至pBV220表达载体后转化大肠杆菌DH5α,获得表达菌株,通过42℃升温诱导表达,制备纯化ATMDSI和HsGnTI;纯化的蛋白以80μs／ks的剂量免疫大耳白兔,经3次免疫后,采集血清制各其相应的多克隆抗体;采用Western印迹检测多克隆抗体的特异性。结果：获得ATMDSI和HsGnTI基因片段,并构建了其相应的原核表达载体pBV220-ATMDSI、pBV220-HsGnTI,在大肠杆菌中表达了重组ATMDSI和HsGnTI,SDS-PAGE分析显示其相对分子质量分别为45．3×10^3和46．9×10^3,与理论值一致;用纯化的蛋白免疫大耳白兔后制备了抗ATMDSI、HsGnTI多克隆抗体,Western印迹结果证明该抗体具有较高的特异性。结论：获得了特异性较高的抗ATMDSI、HsGnTI多克隆抗体血清,为甘露糖苷酶Ⅰ和N-乙酰葡萄糖胺转移酶Ⅰ的研究提供了检测抗体。     

Synthesis of a novel series of thiazole-based histone acetyltransferase inhibitors

Acetylation, which targets a broad range of histone and non-histone proteins, is a reversible mechanism and plays a critical role in eukaryotic genes activation/deactivation. Acetyltransferases are very well conserved through evolution. This allows the use of a simple model organism, such as budding yeast, for the study of their related processes and to discover specific inhibitors. Following a simple yeast-based chemogenetic approach, we have identified a novel HAT (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor active both in vitro and in vivo. This new synthetic compound, 1-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-2-(propan-2-ylidene)hydrazine, named BF1, showed substrate selectivity for histone H3 acetylation and inhibitory activity in vitro on recombinant HAT Gcn5 and p300. Finally, we tested BF1 on human cells, HeLa as control and two aggressive cancer cell lines: a neuroblastoma from neuronal tissue and glioblastoma from brain tumour. Both global acetylation of histone H3 and specific acetylation at lysine 18 (H3AcK18) were lowered by BF1 treatment. Collectively, our results show the efficacy of this novel HAT inhibitor and propose the utilization of BF1 as a new, promising tool for future pharmacological studies.     

Coordinated expression of p300 and HDAC3 upregulates histone acetylation during dentinogenesis

Cellular differentiation is caused by highly controlled modifications in the gene expression but rarely involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Histone acetylation is a major epigenetic factor that adds an acetyl group to histone proteins, thus altering their interaction with DNA and nuclear proteins. Illumination of the histone acetylation during dentinogenesis is important for odontoblast differentiation and dentinogenesis. In the current study, we aimed to discover the roles and regulation of acetylation at histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9ac) and H3K27ac during dentinogenesis. We first found that both of these modifications were enhanced during odontoblast differentiation and dentinogenesis. These modifications are dynamically catalyzed by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and deacetylases (HDACs), among which HDAC3 was decreased while p300 increased during odontoblast differentiation. Moreover, overexpression of HDAC3 or knockdown p300 inhibited odontoblast differentiation in vitro, and inhibition of HDAC3 and p300 with trichostatin A or C646 regulated odontoblast differentiation. Taken together, the results of our present study suggest that histone acetylation is involved in dentinogenesis and coordinated expression of p300- and HDAC3-regulated odontoblast differentiation through upregulating histone acetylation.     

Inhibition of histone acetyltransferase by glycosaminoglycans

Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are a class of enzymes that participate in modulating chromatin structure and gene expression. Altered HAT activity has been implicated in a number of diseases, yet little is known about the regulation of HATs. In this study, we report that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are potent inhibitors of p300 and pCAF HAT activities in vitro, with heparin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) being the most potent inhibitors. The mechanism of inhibition by heparin was investigated. The ability of heparin to inhibit HAT activity was in part dependent upon its size and structure, as small heparin-derived oligosaccharides (>8 sugars) and N-desulfated or O-desulfated heparin showed reduced inhibitory activity. Heparin was shown to bind to pCAF; and enzyme assays indicated that heparin shows the characteristics of a competitive-like inhibitor causing an approximately 50-fold increase in the apparent Km of pCAF for histone H4. HSPGs isolated from corneal and pulmonary fibroblasts inhibited HAT activity with similar effectiveness as heparin. As evidence that endogenous GAGs might be involved in modulating histone acetylation, the direct addition of heparin to pulmonary fibroblasts resulted in an approximately 50% reduction of histone H3 acetylation after 6 h of treatment. In addition, Chinese hamster ovary cells deficient in GAG synthesis showed increased levels of acetylated histone H3 compared to wild-type parent cells. GAGs represent a new class of HAT inhibitors that might participate in modulating cell function by regulating histone acetylation.