Genome Analysis inNeurospora crassa;Cloning of Four Lociarginine-1(arg-1),methionine-6(met-6),unknown-7(un-7), andribosome production-1(rip-1) and Associated Chromosome Walking

We have cloned fourNeurospora crassagenes by complementation analysis. Cloned genes include thearginine-1(arg-1),methionine-6(met-6),unknown-7(un-7), andribosome production-1(rip-1) loci. Chromosome walks were initiated in ordered cosmid libraries from the cloned loci. A total of about 700 kb of theNeurosporagenome is covered in these walks.     

木薯UGT41基因对细菌性枯萎病的抗性研究北大核心CSCD

糖基转移酶广泛存在于植物中,其中UDP依赖型糖基转移酶(UDP-glycosyltransferases,UGTs)基因家族是糖基转移酶中的一大类。该研究以华南124木薯品种(Manihot esculenta cv.SC124)为材料,利用RT-PCR技术克隆木薯MeUGT41基因,以病毒诱导干扰木薯MeUGT41基因的表达量,并对基因干扰植株进行细菌性枯萎病抗性评价,为研究MeUGT41基因在木薯抵抗细菌性枯萎病的抗病机理奠定基础。结果表明:(1)地毯草黄单胞菌(Xamthomonas axonopodis pv.Manihotis,Xam)可显著诱导木薯MeUGT41基因表达。(2)成功构建MeUGT41的病毒诱导基因沉默(VIGS)载体,将干扰载体转化至木薯叶片进行MeUGT41基因沉默,荧光定量PCR检测结果显示,木薯叶片中MeUGT41基因的表达量显著下降。(3)Xam侵染实验表明,干扰抑制MeUGT41基因表达可显著降低木薯植株叶片对Xam病菌侵染的抵抗能力。研究认为,木薯叶片中MeUGT41基因具有抵抗Xam病菌侵染的能力。     

利用DNA片段测序方法探究枳属和富民枳的分类地位

富民枳(Poncirus polyandra)属于芸香科(Rutaceae)枳属(Poncirus Raf.).自发表以来,分类地位一直备受争议,其中在Flora of China中认为富民枳为柑橘杂交种(Poncirus polyandra),把枳属归并于柑橘属(Citrus).该研究选取枳属的富民枳、枳(Ponci...     

TFS1: A suppressor of cdc25 mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Summary The TFS1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a dosage-dependent suppressor of cdc25 mutations. Overexpression of TFS1 does not alleviate defects of temperature-sensitive adenylyl cyclase (cdc35) or ras2 disruption mutations. The ability of TFS1 to suppress cdc25 is allele specific: the temperature-sensitive cdc25-1 mutation is suppressed efficiently but the cdc25-5 mutation and two disruption mutations are only partially suppressed. TFS1 maps to a previously undefined locus on chromosome XII between RDN1 and CDC42. The DNA sequence of TFS1 contains a single long open reading frame encoding a 219 amino acid polypeptide that is similar in sequence to two mammalian brain proteins. Insertion and deletion mutations in TFS1 are haploviable, indicating that TFS1 is not essential for growth.     

甘菊ClHSP70与ClHSP90基因的克隆及表达分析

该研究以甘菊(Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium)为实验材料,通过RT-PCR方法从甘菊转录组数据中分离出热激蛋白合成相关基因,命名为ClHSP70和ClHSP90。序列分析表明,ClHSP70基因ORF全长为2 559bp,编码852个氨基酸,蛋白功能区预测表明含有典型的HSP70蛋白NBD和SBD保守结构域;ClHSP90基因ORF全长为2 094bp,编码697个氨基酸,含有HATPase结构域和HSP90保守结构域。生物信息学分析表明,甘菊ClHSP70与大豆(Glycine max)和烟草(Nicotiana tomentosiformis)HSP70蛋白有较高的一致性,ClHSP90基因编码的氨基酸序列与紫茎泽兰(Ageratina adenophora)HSP90高度相似;实时荧光定量表达分析表明,在42℃处理不同时间,甘菊叶片中ClHSP70和ClHSP90基因表达均在0.5h时显著增加,1h达到最大值,2h后缓慢下降;不同组织表达分析表明,甘菊在42℃处理1h后,ClHSP70在成熟叶中的表达量显著高于嫩叶和根等其他组织;ClHSP90在成熟茎中的表达量最高。研究说明,ClHSP70和ClHSP90基因具有热激蛋白特征,参与了甘菊热胁迫应答过程,该研究结果为以后深入研究其基因功能奠定了基础。     

Molecular analysis of the dhp1+ gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe: an essential gene that has homology to the DST 2 and RAT 1 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

We report here the first cloning of a chalcone flavonone isomerase gene (CHI) from maize. Northern blot experiments indicate that the maize CHI gene (ZmCHI1) is regulated in the pericarp by the P gene, a myb homologue. The ZmCHI1 gene encodes a 24.3 kDa product 55% and 58% identical to CHI-A and CHI-B from Petunia, respectively. This maize CHI gene has four exons and an intron-exon structure identical to the CHI-B gene of Petunia hybrida. RFLP mapping data indicate that some inbred lines contain two additional CHI-homologous sequences, suggesting an organization more complex than that found in Petunia or bean. The possibility that the additional CHI-homologous sequences are responsible for the lack of CHI mutants in maize will be discussed.     

Fluorescent labeling of (Na + K)-ATPase by 5-iodoacetamidofluorescein

5-Iodoacetamidofluorescein (5-IAF) covalently labels dog kidney (Na⁺ + K⁺)-ATPase with approximately 2 moles incorporated per mole of enzyme. ATPase and K⁺-phosphatase activities are fully retained after reaction, and the kinetic parameters for Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, ATP and p-nitrophenyl phosphate are likewise not significantly affected. The fluorescence of the bound 5-IAF is increased by ATP, Na⁺, and Mg²⁺, and decreased by K⁺. These fluorescence changes likely reflect ligand-induced stabilization of the E₁ or E₂ states of the enzyme.     

基因CfATG6和CfATG14参与调控果生刺盘孢细胞自噬和致病力

【目的】炭疽病是油茶的主要病害,由刺盘孢属的多种真菌引起,其中果生刺盘孢分布范围最广、分离率最高,是油茶炭疽病的主要致病菌。研究自噬相关蛋白CfAtg6和CfAtg14的生物学功能,为进一步揭示果生刺盘孢通过细胞自噬调控致病的分子机制,并为油茶炭疽病的防治提供理论基础。【方法】根据同源重组原理,通过聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol, PEG)介导的方法,在果生刺盘孢中敲除基因CfATG6和CfATG14,并进一步获得回补菌株ΔCfatg6-C和ΔCfatg14-C。【结果】酵母双杂交试验结果显示,果生刺盘孢蛋白CfAtg6和CfAtg14可能存在互作关系。生物学表型测定结果表明,相较于野生型和回补菌株,突变体ΔCfatg6和ΔCfatg14均表现出营养生长速率显著减慢,附着胞形成率分别只有野生型的5%和18%;突变体ΔCfatg6和ΔCfatg14致病力均极显著减弱,造成的油茶叶片病斑面积少于野生型和回补菌株的1/3;CfATG6和CfATG14基因缺失突变体均丧失转运和降解CfAtg8蛋白的能力,并对细胞壁胁迫更敏感。突变体ΔCfatg6的分生孢子产量显著降低,仅为野生型的20%左右;氧化胁迫试验结果表明,相较于野生型和回补菌株,过氧化氢对突变体的生长抑制率升高10%左右。内质网压力胁迫试验表明,ΔCfatg14对二硫苏糖醇抑制率升高5%以上。【结论】自噬相关基因CfATG6和CfATG14参与调控了果生刺盘孢生长发育、细胞自噬和致病力。     

红苞凤梨实时荧光定量PCR分析中内参基因的筛选

为筛选表达稳定的内参基因,以红苞凤梨(Ananas comosus var.bracteatus)不同发育时期的全绿、全白苗为材料,对10个组成型表达基因EF1、UBQ、ACT、GADPH、Histone、TUA、TUB、18S、elf-5A、α-tubulin进行筛选,并分析PetF基因的表达模式。结果表明,10个候选内参基因在红苞凤梨全绿、全白苗不同生长阶段中的表达稳定性不同。红苞凤梨不同生长时期以Histone和α-tubulin为最适内参基因,而全绿苗和全白苗的对比分析以18S、EF1和α-tubulin为最理想的内参组合。PetF基因在红苞凤梨发育过程及绿、白苗对比分析中的表达水平变化趋势一致,因此,所选的内参基因是合适的。     

高致病性美人鱼发光杆菌美人鱼亚种胞外产物的毒力特性分析

【目的】美人鱼发光杆菌美人鱼亚种(Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae,PDD)是一种可导致多种海洋生物患病的重要病原菌。本研究以从我国海水养殖环境中分离的具有强磷脂酶活性、强溶血性表型且具有高致病性的2株PDD菌株为研究对象,分析PDD菌株胞外产物(extracellularproducts,ECP)的致病性及细胞毒性,及其与菌株致病性表型的相关性。【方法】利用培养基平板法测定菌株PDD1605、PDD1608的ECP体外磷脂酶活性和溶血性;通过人工感染实验测定PDD1605和PDD1608活菌株及其ECP对许氏平鲉的致病性,并进行组织病理切片观察组织的病理损伤;通过向人胚肾细胞系HEK293T和小鼠成纤维细胞系MCFS等2种培养细胞中添加菌株PDD1605和PDD1608的ECP测定其对哺乳动物的细胞毒性。【结果】人工感染PDD1605和PDD1608活菌株对许氏平鲉均表现为高致病性,5×108CFU/mL的菌液浓度24h内受试鱼全部死亡;菌株PDD1605和PDD1608的ECP对许氏平鲉同样表现为高致病性,受试鱼的死亡曲线与感染活菌株的...     

An extragenic suppressor ofprp24-1 defines genetic interaction betweenPRP24 andPRP21 gene products ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae

The temperature-sensitiveprp24-1 mutation defines a gene product required for the first step in pre-mRNA splicing. PRP24 is probably a component of the U6 snRNP particle. We have applied genetic reversion analysis to identify proteins that interact with PRP24. Spontaneous revertants of the temperaturesensitive (ts)prp24-1 phenotype were analyzed for those that are due to extragenic suppression. We then extended our analysis to screen for suppressors that confer a distinct conditional phenotype. We have identified a temperature-sensitive extragenic suppressor, which was shown by genetic complementation analysis to be allelic toprp21-1. This suppressor,prp21-2, accumulates pre-mRNA at the non-permissive temperature, a phenotype similar to that ofprp21-1. prp21-2 completely suppresses the splicing defect and restores in vivo levels of the U6 snRNA in theprp24-1 strain. Genetic analysis of the suppressor showed thatprp21-2 is not a bypass suppressor ofprp24-1. The suppression ofprp24-1 byprp21-2 is gene specific and also allele specific with respect to both the loci. Genetic interactions with other components of the pre-spliceosome have also been studied. Our results indicate an interaction between PRP21, a component of the U2 snRNP, and PRP24, a component of the U6 snRNP. These results substantiate other data showing U2–U6 snRNA interactions.     

Annular and non-annular binding sites on the (Ca + Mg)-ATPase

Quenching of the fluorescence of the (Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺)-ATPase purified from muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum can be used to measure relative binding constants of hydrophobic compounds to the phospholipid-protein interface. We show that the binding constant for cholesterol is considerably less than that for phosphatidylcholine, so that cholesterol is effectively excluded from the phospholipid annulus around the ATPase. However, dibromocholestan-3β-ol causes quenching of the fluorescence of the ATPase, and so has access to other, non-annular sites. We suggest that these non-annular sites could be at protein/protein interfaces in ATPase oligomers. Oleic acid can bind at the phospholipid/protein interface, although its binding constant is less than that for a phosphatidylcholine, and it can also bind at the postulated non-annular sites. The effects of these compounds on the activity of the ATPase depend on the structure of the phospholipid present in the systems.     

赤桉ACT1和ACT2基因的克隆与生物信息学分析

为了解赤桉(Eucalyptus camaldulensis)肌动蛋白(Actin)在生长发育过程中的功能,根据赤桉幼苗转录组数据库中的肌动蛋白基因序列,从赤桉嫩叶中克隆了2条Actin基因片段,并利用RACE技术获得Actin基因的全长cDNA,分别命名为ECACT1和EC-ACT2基因。生物信息学分析表明,这两条基因的全长cDNA分别为1533 bp和1387 bp,均含有1个编码377个氨基酸的开放阅读框。经比对分析,赤桉Actin蛋白的氨基酸序列与其他植物Actin蛋白的具有较高的相似性,并且具有Actin蛋白特有的保守序列和相关特征。因此推测这两条基因对桉树的生长发育具有一定的调控作用。     

Novel alleles ofcdc13 andcdc2 isolated as suppressors of mitotic catastrophe inSchizosaccharomyces pombe

Cell cycle control in the fission yeastSchizosaccharomyces pombe involves interplay amongst a number of regulatory molecules, including thecdc2, cdc13, cdc25, weel, andmik1 gene products. Cdc2, Cdc13, and Cdc25 act as positive regulators of cell cycle progression at the G2/M boundary, while Wee1 and Mik1 play a negative regulatory role. Here, we have screened for suppressors of the lethal premature entry into mitosis, termed mitotic catastrophe, which results from simultaneous loss of function of both Wee1 and Mik1. Through such a screen, we hoped to identify additional components of the cell cycle regulatory network, and/or G2/M-specific substrates of Cdc2. Although we did not identify such molecules, we isolated a number of alleles of bothcdc2 andcdc13, including a novel wee allele ofcdc2, cdc2-5w. Here, we characterizecdc2-5w and two alleles ofcdc13, which have implications for the understanding of details of the interactions amongst Cdc2, Cdc13, and Wee1.     

日本晚樱PrseSHP基因的克隆与功能分析

采用同源克隆方法结合RACE技术,从日本晚樱(Prunus lannesiana)品种‘大岛樱’中克隆到花发育调控相关的PrseSHP基因(GenBank登录号为GU362645)。PrseSHP基因序列全长1 223bp,包含1个长741bp的完整开放阅读框,编码246个氨基酸和1个终止密码子。分子系统发生分析表明,PrseSHP属MADS-box转录因子的PLE/SHP进化系,并与蔷薇科植物的SHP同源蛋白聚于同一进化分支;蛋白序列比对显示,该转录因子拥有M、I、K和C共4个结构域,且其C末端结构域中包含高度保守的AGⅠ和Ⅱ基序。基因表达分析表明,PrseSHP基因主要在‘大岛樱’的花瓣、雄蕊、雌蕊和幼果等器官中表达,在花萼中仅能检测到微弱的转录信号,在幼叶中不表达,与其他植物SHP同源基因的表达模式有一定的差别。功能分析显示,转PrseSHP基因拟南芥植株明显比野生型拟南芥弱小,转基因拟南芥在6~8片莲座叶后即抽薹开花,时间较野生型拟南芥(14~17片莲座叶后抽薹开花)明显提前,证明异位表达的PrseSHP基因能促进拟南芥早花,其在花发育过程中可能参与调控植物开花。     

AtBS14a and AtBS14b, two Bet1/Sft1-like SNAREs from Arabidopsis thaliana that complement mutations in the yeast SFT1 gene

SNAREs are membrane-associated proteins that play a central role in vesicle targeting and intra-cellular membrane fusion reactions in eukaryotic cells. Here we describe the identification of AtBS14a and AtBS14b, putative SNAREs from Arabidopsis thaliana that share 60% amino acid sequence identity. Both AtBS14a and BS14b are dosage suppressors of the temperature-sensitive growth defect in sft1-1 cells and over-expression of either AtBS14a or AtBS14b can support the growth of sft1Δ cells but not bet1Δ cells. These data together with structure–function and biochemical studies presented herein suggest that AtBS14a and AtBS14b share properties that are consistent with them being members of the Bet1/Sft1 SNARE protein family.     

茎花山柚叶的化学成分研究

为深入认识特色植物茎花山柚(Champereia manillana var.longistaminea)的药效物质基础，该研究开展了茎花山柚叶95%乙醇提取物的化学成分研究。结果表明：(1)采用硅胶柱层析(CC)、薄层色谱(TLC)、葡聚糖凝胶柱层析(Sephadex LH-20)、反相硅胶柱层析(RPC₁₈)与高效液相色谱(HPLC)等方法，对茎花山柚叶乙醇浸提物的乙酸乙酯萃取部位进行了分离纯化，得到6个单体化合物。(2)通过核磁共振波谱(NMR)和高分辨质谱(HR-ESI-MS)数据，并结合文献数据对比鉴定了这些化合物的结构，6个化合物分别为蒲公英赛醇(1)、吲哚-3-甲酸(2)、(24R)-环菠萝蜜烷-3β,24,25-三萜(3)、(24R,S)-3β-24,31-环氧-24-甲基环烷(4)、1-O-亚麻酰基-3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖基-sn-丙三醇(5)、长烷基链甘油单酯(6)。其中，化合物1-6均为首次从该植物中分离得到。