护理干预对成年女性压力性尿失禁患者的影响

目的：探讨护理干预对成年女性压力性尿失禁患者的影响。方法：在患者自愿参与的情况下,随机抽取浏阳市市区80名有压力性尿失禁症状的成年女性,对她们进行护理干预,并对干预效果进行评价。结果：护理干预后,患者压力性尿失禁发作次数显著减少,盆底肌肉张力显著提高,漏尿量显著减少。结论：护理干预可减轻成年女性压力性尿失禁症状,减轻患者的身心痛苦,提高压力性尿失禁患者的生活质量。     

The relationship between sex life satisfaction and job stress of married nurses

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among work stress, sex life satisfaction, and mental health of married nurses. Demographic information, work stress, sex life satisfaction, sexual desire and mental health measured using the Chinese Health Questionnaire, data were collected from 100 married nurses in Taiwan. FINDINGS: Sex life satisfaction and age were negatively correlated, but sex life satisfaction and sexual desire were positively correlated. The mental health of over-committed nursing staff was not affected. Higher reward for effort was positively correlated with sex life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: No matter whether job stress was high or low, receiving a higher reward for effort led to better sex life satisfaction, which had a satisfying positive effect on the nurses' lives. To improve nursing care quality at the hospital, nursing administrators should assist nurses in confronting work stress via positive adjustment, which is associated with the nurses' sexual harmony, and quality of life.     

Occupational Stress in Veterinary Nurses: Roles of the Work Environment and Own Companion Animal

ABSTRACT

Veterinary nursing has been identified as an occupation at risk for occupational stress and burnout, but a better understanding of job stressors and influencing factors is needed. The aim of this study was to examine occupational stress in a veterinary nursing population based on established work stress theories. This study sought to determine which environmental aspects of the work situation may be detrimental to well-being and which factors may operate to reduce job stress. A sample of South Australian veterinary nurses (n = 127) completed a postal questionnaire about their work environment (job demands and control, work social supports) and their psychological distress, work burnout, and job satisfaction, with a response rate of 76.5%. The potential influence of attachment to participants' own companion animals was investigated using the Owner Pet Relationship Scale. Hierarchical regressions then explored the contribution to psychological outcomes, of social support at work and attachment to own companion animal, after controlling for work load, exposure to euthanasia, contact with clients, work demands, and work control. While social support at work ameliorated occupational stress, attachment to companion animal was linked to decreased job satisfaction. Supportive interpersonal relations in the workplace have a key role in veterinary nurses' job satisfaction. Management skill training may have a role in the development of more satisfying workplaces for the veterinary nursing sector, which may have implications for the undergraduate and post-registration training of veterinary practice managers.     

Culpa y bienestar en cuidadores familiares de personas mayores dependientes institucionalizadas

Introduction and objectiveThe experience of family caregivers after nursing home admission has received much less attention, probably because many caregivers experience an initial sense of initial emotional relief. However, for some caregivers nursing home admission is a stressor despite the reduced physical burden of caregiving. Caregiver distress following institutionalization has been related to the new burdens and challenges encountered in the nursing home. Ambivalence and guilt related to the institutionalization decision have been identified as sources of stress. Therefore, this study examined the effect of guilt and well-being on the perceived stress of family caregivers of institutionalized dependent persons.Materials and methodsTwo hundred and one family caregivers of institutionalized persons in a nursing home (La Rioja, Spain) participated. Perceived stress, caregiving guilt and subjective well-being, sociodemographic and caregiving-related variables were assessed. Linear regression analyses and correlations between variables were performed.ResultsGuilt and five dimensions of well-being (anxiety, vitality, self-control and depression, except general health) significantly predicted stress (R²adj = .552 (F (6, 198) = 41.71, P<.001)). The effect size was large (95% CI = .461).ConclusionsPaying attention to family caregivers’ feelings of guilt during institutionalization is important. This will enable the design and implementation of psychosocial interventions that improve caregiver adjustment immediately after institutionalization.     

Of mammals and milk: how maternal stress affects nursing offspring

1. A large body of research shows that maternal stress during an offspring’s early life can impact its phenotype in both the short and long term. In the Vertebrata, most research has been focused on maternal stress during the prenatal period. However, the postnatal period is particularly important in mammals because maternal milk provides a conduit by which maternal hormones secreted in response to stressors (glucocorticoids, GCs) can reach offspring. Moreover, lactation outlasts gestation in many species.
2. Though GCs were first detected in milk over 40 years ago, few studies have explored how they affect nursing offspring, and no reviews have been written on how maternal stress affects nursing offspring in the natural world.
3. We discuss the evolution of milk and highlight its importance in each of the three mammalian lineages: monotremes (subclass Monotremata), marsupials (infraclass Marsupialia), and eutherians (infraclass Placentalia). Most research on the effects of milk GCs on offspring has been focused on eutherians, but monotremes and marsupials rely on their mothers’ milk for a proportionally longer period of time, and so research on these taxa may yield more insight.
4. We show that GCs are important for milk production, both during an individual nursing bout and over the entire lactation period, and review evidence of GCs moving from maternal blood to milk, and eventually to nursing offspring. We examine evidence from rodents and primates of associations between GC levels in lactating females (either blood or milk) and offspring behaviour and growth rates. We discuss ways that maternal stress may impact these offspring phenotypes outside of milk GCs, such as changes to: (1) milk output, (2) other milk constituents (e.g. macronutrients, growth factors, cytokines), and (3) maternal care behaviour.
5. Critical to understanding the fitness impacts of elevated maternal GC levels during lactation is to place this within the context of the natural environment. Species-specific traits and natural histories will help us to understand why such maternal stress produces different offspring phenotypes that equip them to cope with and succeed in the environment they are about to enter.

     

成年女性压力性尿失禁患者心理健康状况调查分析

目的:探讨成年女性压力性尿失禁患者的心理健康状况,提出护理干预方法。方法:采用SCL-90及自编一般资料,对浏阳市市区80名有压力性尿失禁症状的成年女性进行心理健康自评调查,另80名无压力性尿失禁症状的成年女性为对照。结果:有压力性尿失禁症状的成年女性SCL-90总分、阳性项目数、阳性项目均分及躯体化、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖和精神病性等因子评分均明显高于对照组及常模组(P<0.05)。结论:成年女性压力性尿失禁患者心理健康状况不容乐观,应引起重视,并对其进行护理干预,加强对她们的心理疏通,可以提高疾病的防治效果。     

Lactational amenorrhoea in well-nourished Toba women of Formosa, Argentina

The proximate causes of the contraceptive effect of lactation are still a matter of productive debate. This study sought to disentangle the relative impact that intense breast-feeding practices and maternal nutrition have on the regulation of ovarian function in nursing women. A mixed-longitudinal, direct-observational, prospective study was conducted of the return to postpartum fecundity in 113 breast-feeding, well-nourished Toba women. A sub-sample of 70 women provided data on nursing behaviour, daily activities, diet quality and urinary levels of oestrone and progesterone metabolites. Well-nourished, intensively breast-feeding Toba women experienced a relatively short period of lactational amenorrhoea (10.2 +/- 4.3 months) and a high lifetime fertility (TFR=6.7 live births/woman). Duration of lactational amenorrhoea was not correlated with any of the nursing parameters under study or with static measures of maternal nutritional status. The results indicated that the pattern of resumption of postpartum fertility could be explained, at least partly, by differences in individual metabolic budgets. Toba women resumed postpartum ovulation after a period of sustained positive energy balance. As the relative metabolic load hypothesis suggests, the variable effect of lactation on postpartum fertility may not depend on the intensity of nursing per se but rather on the energetic stress that lactation represents for the individual mother.     

Practical management of perinatal death.

After the loss of a newborn baby the parents are usually too shocked and unfamiliar with the complicated administration procedures to cope with the registration of death and burial (or cremation). The medical and nursing staff also tend to be unfamiliar with the procedures. Some of these can be streamlined, thus reducing the stress caused to parents. By giving positive instruction the staff will in their turn be able to improve their care of the bereaved parents.     

Occupational stress and work efficiency of nursing staff engaged in rotating shift work

Occupational stress and stress-related performance impairment is a common feature among hospital nurses engaged in rotating shift work, particularly night work. This cross-sectional survey determined workplace stress and cognitive efficiency of nursing staff engaged in rotating shift work. One hundred twenty-two full-time staff nurses in three different government hospitals in West Bengal, India, were the participants. Perceived exertion, alertness, sleep duration and various performance tests were performed. Sleep duration was least between repeated night shifts in comparison with the other shifts. Though alertness and performance of the staff nurses varied on different shifts, the late portion of the night shift as well as the early portion of the morning shift was most prone to impairment of work efficiency.     

优质护理在腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术患者术后护理效果研究

为探讨优质护理在腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术患者术后护理中的应用价值。本研究选取接受腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术治疗的140例患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表分为优质组(优质护理模式)、常规组(常规护理模式)各70例,比较两组患者干预前后的生存质量(GQOL-74评分)、简明心境状态测试(pOMS)量表评分的变化。结果显示,干预前,优质组和常规组患者的角色功能、躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能、GQOL-74量表总体评分差异无统计学意义(p>0.05);干预后,优质组患者的角色功能、躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能、GQOL-74量表总体评分均显著高于常规组(p<0.05);干预前,优质组和常规组患者的抑郁、疲劳、紧张、愤怒、慌乱、精力、与自我有关的情绪评分差异无统计学意义(p>0.05);干预后,优质组患者的精力、与自我有关的情绪评分均显著高于常规组(p<0.05),优质组患者的抑郁、疲劳、紧张、愤怒、慌乱评分均显著低于常规组(p<0.05)。本研究表明优质护理在腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术患者术后护理中能有效改善患者的生存质量及不良心境情绪。     

Diurnal rhythms of cortisol,ACTH, and beta-endorphin levels in neonates and adults.

To determine whether a diurnal rhythm exists in neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units where there is continuous artificial lighting and periodic nursing and medical care, plasma cortisol, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), and beta-endorphin concentrations were measured in two groups of infants and in adult human volunteers. As expected, a diurnal rhythm was seen in adults. A diurnal rhythm was also found for cortisol and endorphin levels in neonates (3 to 4 days postnatally) with minimal stress and in infants who were clinically severely stressed. There was not a significant difference between the morning and afternoon concentrations of ACTH in these infants, but the afternoon concentrations were lower than the morning''s, as would be expected. We found that a diurnal rhythm does exist in neonates within the first few days of postnatal life and that the continuous lighting and medical and nursing interventions do not interfere with this rhythm.     

老年肿瘤患者心理问题分析与护理对策研究

目的：了解老年肿瘤住院患者的心理问题,找出老年肿瘤住院患者常见的心理问题以及产生心理问题的原因,探讨改善老年肿瘤住院患者心理问题的有效护理措施,为临床护理提供切实可行的依据。方法：对我院2010年7月-2011年7月老年肿瘤住院患者采取问卷调查及深入访谈相结合的方式进行调查。结果：数据显示,1000例患者中,761例患者存在心理问题,占76.1%;其中,186例患者有严重的心理问题,占24.44%;老年肿瘤患者常见的心理问题为：焦虑与抑郁、多疑、恐惧紧张、绝望与悲哀;产生心理障碍的原因在于患者自身疾病、环境、经济状况等。结论：老年肿瘤患者心理问较为严重,通过实行有针对性的护理措施,有效治疗老年肿瘤患者的心理问题,减轻患者心理压力,促进患者的健康,保护患者安全。     

Physiological and biochemical responses of Phoebe bournei seedlings to water stress and recovery

Phoebe bournei commonly called nanmu is an important and endemic wood species in China, and its planting, nursing, and preserving are often affected by drought stress. Two-year-old P. bournei seedlings were subjected to water stress and recovery treatment to study their physiological and biochemical responses. Physiological and biochemical indices did not change when seedlings were subjected to mild water stress (<15 days of water withholding). As drought stress intensified (>20 days of water withholding), malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage increased, and chlorophyll and soluble protein decreased, indicating an increased oxidative stress induced by water deficit. Enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX), accumulation of free proline and total soluble sugar contribute to plant protection against the oxidative stress. However, SOD and POX decreased when seedlings were subjected to an extended drought. After 5 days of recovery, physiological and biochemical indices were not restored to the control level values except for leaf relative water content when the seedlings were subjected to more than 20 days water stress. These results demonstrate that P. bournei could enhance their ability to mitigate water stress effects by up-regulating antioxidant system and osmotic adjustment, but these two protective mechanisms were limited when seedlings were subjected to moderate and severe water stress. The threshold of water deficit to P. bournei seedlings is 15–20 days, and permanent damage will be induced if water status is not improved before this threshold. The results will provide some theoretical and practical guidance for nanmu afforestation and production.     

An investigation into the socioendocrinology of infant care and postpartum fertility in Goeldi’s monkey (Callimico goeldii)

We investigated the existence of interaction between the major behavioral and endocrine events that occur in breeding pairs of Callimicoduring the postpartum period: the reduction in maternal care, the onset of maternal aggression, the onset of paternal care, and the resumption of female fertility. While the frequency of nursing remained constant throughout the 6-week observation period, decreasing amount of time spent nursing generally preceded the onset of paternal carriage. Decreasing nursing duration was not associated with the occurrence of postpartum ovulation. Some mothers frequently acted aggressively toward the infant during the period of first mother-to-father transfer of the infant, while other mothers did not. There is no correlation between the interval to the first transfer and the period to postpartum ovulation. We validated urinary cortisol as a measure of stress and defined the duration of its poststress elevation as approximately 3 hr. There is no consistent relationship between female behavior and endocrine state, or male cortisol values and the onset of infant carrying by fathers. During the peritransfer phase, no significant change in cortisol concentration occurred, while the pre-, peri-, and postovulatory phases appeared to be reflected in urinary cortisol output by some males. Based on these results, we propose an explanatory model for the causal dynamics of infant care in pairs of Callimico.The model stresses the importance of a high reproductive rate to male and female reproductive strategies.     

中晚期直肠癌患者的心理压力调查及干预措施探讨

目的:分析中晚期直肠癌患者的心理健康情况,探讨改善患者心理应激的干预措施,为直肠癌的临床护理工作提供可借鉴的方法。方法:选取2009年1月-2013年1月在我院接受治疗的中晚期直肠癌患者89例作为研究对象,随机分为两组。其中,对照组42例患者采用常规护理模式,而干预组47例患者在此基础上接受健康指导。分别于干预前后对患者的心理健康状况及生存质量进行问卷调查,比较并分析调查结果。结果:实施护理干预前,两组患者各项评分无显著差异(P0.05);实施护理干预后,两组患者的心理健康评分均有所改善,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。干预组患者接受健康指导后的各项指标评分均显著优于对照组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者干预后的生理机能、社会功能及情感功能评分均获得提高,但干预组患者效果更为明显,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:中晚期直肠癌患者的心理压力对预后产生消极影响,医护人员应积极对患者进行心理疏导,帮助其积极配合治疗,从而获得良好的疗效。     

医院临床科室护理人力资源现状及对策思考

目的:我国目前医院临床科室护理人员配置普遍不足和护理人才的流失的问题日益突出,尤其是部队医院,由于受到军队编制调整的影响,护理人力资源的不足和人员流失更加严重。如何对护理人力资源进行合理配置以及如何提高现有护理人力资源利用率,已成为当前护理管理者急需解决的问题。护理人力资源与护理质量的水平有密切的关联,通过对护理人力资源情况的了解而相应地采取切实可行的对策。方法:调查某医院某临床科室病区床位数与护士之比,护理人员结构等。结果:人力资源配置不足,人力资源结构不合理,护理人员流失是护理人力资源中存在的主要问题。结论:针对目前状况,从人力资源管理角度出发进行对策思考:尽可能达到配置标准;重视人员招聘环节;提高护理工作的地位,激发从业人员的自豪感;认真进行岗位和人员能力特点分析,合理调配人力资源;善于利用激励和监督机制;建立后勤保障,提高员工福利;加强护理教育和人员培训等。     

探讨分层级管理对医院护理管理的作用和意义

目的:随着生活水平的提升,人们对健康水平也越来越重视,对相关医疗水平的要求随之提升。针对护理工作中存在的问题,采取积极的应对措施是目前临床护理管理工作的重点。本文通过观察分层级管理用于医院护理管理的效果,探讨并分析该方法对医院护理管理的作用和意义。方法:2011年1月-2012年12月期间在我院呼吸科、消化科、骨科等7个主要病区,按照护理人员的技能水平、职业资历等进行分层级管理。根据不同层级的护理要求进行培训并定期考核。观察并比较实施分层级护理管理前后的临床效果,调查并分析患者对分层级护理的反馈情况及护理人员自身对其工作的满意度。结果:实施分层级管理后,护士的基本护理工作落实率、危重护理工作落实率、健康教育落实率、环境管理落实率均显著提高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);患者和护士自身对护理工作的满意率明显提高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);意外发生率和护理差错发生率均明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:在医院护理管理工作中开展分层级管理,有助于促进护理工作的顺利进行,提升医院整体护理水平,有助于患者的身体恢复及精神健康,提高患者的满意度。     

三级医院急诊科护士灾害护理能力现状及影响因素分析

目的 调查国内三级医院急诊科护士灾害护理能力现状及其影响因素.方法 采用一般情况资料表、临床护士灾害护理能力评估量表对12个省市、18家三级医院的418名急诊科护士进行问卷调查,并对回收问卷数据进行统计分析.结果 急诊护士灾害护理能力总体评分为(114.55±7.70)分,最高分和最低分别为159、93分.得分较高的灾...     

DEU教学模式在临床护理教学中的运用

目的 探讨实习专用病房(Dedicated education unit,DEU)教学模式在临床护理实习教学过程中的应用效果.方法 选择2019年6月17日～2020年3月15日在我科实习的2017级护理大专班实习护生106名,按教学方法的不同进行分组,其中使用传统带教方式的为对照组,采用DEU临床护理教学方法的为实验...