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1.
西瓜种质资源遗传亲缘关系的RAPD分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用RAPD技术对国内外32份西瓜主栽品种与其骨干亲本及野生类型的遗传亲缘关系进行了研究。从720个随机引物(10bp)中筛选出15个能产生稳定多态性的引物用于RAPD反应,共扩增出104条DNA带,其中多态性DNA条带43条,占41.35%,平均每个引物扩增的DNA条带的数目为7.0条。聚类分析将供试材料分为6个类群:1个东亚生态型类群、1个美国生态型类群、2个中间生态型类群和2个非洲野生型类群,与传统的西瓜生态型分类基本吻合。每个生态型类群都有其特有的扩增(缺失)条带,同时分析了同一生态型中各个品种之间的亲缘关系及其品种的特异条带。本实验结果不仅从分子水平验证了西瓜是遗传基础狭窄的作用,而且在分子水平对西瓜传统分类与地理生态型分类进行了分析。 相似文献
2.
利用 RAPD 技术对国内外32份西瓜主栽品种与其骨干亲本及野生类型的遗传亲缘关系进行了研究。从720个随机引物(10bp)中筛选出15个能产生稳定多态性的引物用于 RAPD 反应,共扩增出104条 DNA 带,其中多态性 DNA 条带43条,占41.35%,平均每个引物扩增的 DNA 条带的数目为7.0条。聚类分析将供试材料分为6个类群:1个东亚生态型类群、1个美国生态型类群、2个中间生态型类群和2个非洲野生型类群,与传统的西瓜生态型分类基本吻合。每个生态型类群都有其特有的扩增(缺失)条带,同时分析了同一生态型中各个品种之间的亲缘关系及其品种的特异条带。本实验结果不仅从分子水平验证了西瓜是遗传基础狭窄的作物,而且在分子水平对西瓜传统分类与地理生态型分类进行了分析。 相似文献
3.
37份龙眼种质资源亲缘关系的ISSR分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本研究利用ISSR技术对37份龙眼种质资源进行遗传多样性检测.研究结果表明,从100条ISSR引物中筛选出7条重复性好,条带清晰的引物对37份龙眼品种基因组DNA进行扩增,共扩增出54条带,其中43条具有多态性,比率为79.6%.不同龙眼品种间遗传相似系数变幅为0.69~0.97,平均达0.83,说明ISSR标记能够揭示材料间较高的遗传多样性.UPGMA聚类结果表明,ISSR标记能将37份龙眼品种完全区分开,并能将来源于中国、越南和泰国的37份龙眼品种分别聚类到中国、越南和泰国三大品种群,说明龙眼品种资源的亲缘关系与地理因素有关,三个国家的龙眼品种之间存在较大的遗传差异.本研究结果将为为龙眼品种资源的研究利用提供参考. 相似文献
4.
种质资源是现代育种和进行生物技术研究的物质基础 .茶树种质资源亲缘关系的研究将为探讨茶树的起源、进化和分类以及为茶树育种和资源的充分利用提供科学依据 .对茶树种质资源亲缘关系在形态学、化学、染色体、同工酶及DNA等方面的研究成果作了综述 ,并就进一步开展茶树种资源亲缘关系的研究进行了探讨 相似文献
5.
龙眼(Dimocarpus longana Lour.)种质资源是龙眼育种研究的基础。种质资源的研究将为探讨龙眼起源、进化、分类、育种和资源保护与利用提供科学依据。从形态学、孢粉学、同工酶和分子生物学等方面综述了龙眼种质资源亲缘关系的研究进展,探讨了龙眼亲缘关系的研究现状、前景及尚待解决的问题,并分析了今后开展龙眼种质资源亲缘关系研究的方向与重点。 相似文献
6.
利用SRAP标记,对来源不同的56份有棱丝瓜和8份无棱丝瓜种质的亲缘关系进行了分析。从144对SRAP引物中筛选出60对多态性强、重复性好的SRAP引物。共扩增得到1433条谱带,其中多态性谱带1280条,平均每对引物扩增得到21.33条多态性谱带,多态性位点百分率为88.74%。将丝瓜种质利用UPMGA方法进行聚类分析,结果表明,64份丝瓜种质的遗传相似系数为0.17~0.98。在遗传相似系数0.17处,供试种质被分为2大类群,第一大类群为普通丝瓜,第二大类群为有棱丝瓜,在第二大类群中又被分为以长绿型丝瓜为主和短果型丝瓜2亚群。丝瓜类群的划分与形态学性状比较一致,即首先与棱沟的有无密切相关,其次与瓜条的长短、颜色有较高的相关性。 相似文献
7.
种质资源是现代育种和生物技术研究的物质基础。桃种质资源亲缘关系的研究将为探讨桃的起源、进化、分类、育种和资源利用提供科学依据。本文从形态学、细胞学、孢粉学、生物化学及DNA分子标记等几个方面综述了桃种质资源亲缘关系的研究进展,探讨了桃种质资源亲缘关系的研究现状、前景及尚需解决的问题,并就进一步开展桃种质资源亲缘关系的研究进行了分析,提出桃种质野生种、近缘野生种厦不同栽培品种群间的分子系统学关系是今后研究的重点。 相似文献
8.
特异种质是西瓜种质资源的重要组成部分,因其具有一些符合特殊育种目标和重要研究价值的特异性状而日益引起人们的重视。本文介绍了国内对无极、短蔓、板叶、雄性不育和叶片后绿特异西瓜种质资源的研究利用进展。 相似文献
9.
以我国西瓜、甜瓜种质资源中期库内1200份西瓜种质为材料,对果实重量、果肉颜色、中心糖、种子千粒重等12项主要植物学性状进行遗传多样性和相关性分析。多样性分析结果表明:我国西瓜资源12项植物学性状多样性指数平均值为1.70,种子千粒重多样性指数最大为2.37,果实形状多样性指数最小为1.02,其中果皮底色、果皮覆纹颜色、果肉颜色、果实重量、果实中心糖、种子千粒重性状数据分布较为分散。数量性状变异系数平均值为31.8,变异幅度均比其平均值大1~3倍。相关性分析结果表明:果实形状和果形指数、果肉颜色和果实中心糖、果肉颜色和种子千粒重、果皮厚度和硬度4对性状相关性极显著。种子千粒重和果实中心糖、果实重量和果皮厚度、果实重量和果皮硬度、覆纹颜色和形状4对性状相关性显著。 相似文献
10.
尚建立 《植物遗传资源学报》2012,13(1)
以我国西瓜甜瓜种质资源中期库内1200份西瓜(Citrullus Lanatus (Thunb) Matsum&Nakai)种质为材料,对果实重量、果肉颜色、中心糖、种子千粒重等12项主要植物学性状进行遗传多样性和相关性分析。多样性分析结果表明:12项性状多样性指数平均值为1.71,种子千粒重多样性指数最大为2.37,果实形状多样性指数最小为1.02,其中果皮底色、果皮覆纹颜色、果肉颜色、果实重量、中心糖、种子千粒重性状数据分布较为分散。数量性状变异系数平均值为31.8,变异幅度均大于其平均值1-3倍。各性状主要分布为:果实圆形、浅绿色果皮、深绿色网条形覆纹、红色果肉、种子表面粗糙、果实重量(3.0-6.0kg)、果形指数(0.9-1.0)、果皮厚度(1.0-1.1cm)、果皮硬度(30.0-34.0 kg/cm2)、中心糖度(9.0-10.0%)、种子千粒重(40.0-60.0g)。表明我国西瓜种质资源存在较为广泛的多样性。相关性分析结果表明:果实形状和果形指数、果肉颜色和中心糖、果肉颜色和种子千粒重、果皮厚度和果皮硬度4对性状相关性系数分别为0.700、0.488、-0.214、0.353,在r0.01=0.115水平下,相关性极显著。种子千粒重和中心糖、果实重量和果皮厚度、果实重量和果皮硬度、覆纹颜色和覆纹形状4对性状相关性系数分别为-0.109、0.114、0.104、0.108,在r0.05=0.097水平下,相关性显著。 相似文献
11.
Jessica M. Gullett Maxime G. Cuypers Christy R. Grace Shashank Pant Chitra Subramanian Emad Tajkhorshid Charles O. Rock Stephen W. White 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2022,298(3)
Fatty acid (FA) transfer proteins extract FA from membranes and sequester them to facilitate their movement through the cytosol. Detailed structural information is available for these soluble protein–FA complexes, but the structure of the protein conformation responsible for FA exchange at the membrane is unknown. Staphylococcus aureus FakB1 is a prototypical bacterial FA transfer protein that binds palmitate within a narrow, buried tunnel. Here, we define the conformational change from a “closed” FakB1 state to an “open” state that associates with the membrane and provides a path for entry and egress of the FA. Using NMR spectroscopy, we identified a conformationally flexible dynamic region in FakB1, and X-ray crystallography of FakB1 mutants captured the conformation of the open state. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations show that the new amphipathic α-helix formed in the open state inserts below the phosphate plane of the bilayer to create a diffusion channel for the hydrophobic FA tail to access the hydrocarbon core and place the carboxyl group at the phosphate layer. The membrane binding and catalytic properties of site-directed mutants were consistent with the proposed membrane docked structure predicted by our molecular dynamics simulations. Finally, the structure of the bilayer-associated conformation of FakB1 has local similarities with mammalian FA binding proteins and provides a conceptual framework for how these proteins interact with the membrane to create a diffusion channel from the FA location in the bilayer to the protein interior. 相似文献
12.
Michiki Takeuchi Shigenobu Kishino Si-Bum Park Nahoko Kitamura Hiroko Watanabe Azusa Saika 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2016,80(11):2132-2137
The establishment of renewable biofuel and chemical production is desirable because of global warming and the exhaustion of petroleum reserves. Sebacic acid (decanedioic acid), the material of 6,10-nylon, is produced from ricinoleic acid, a carbon-neutral material, but the process is not eco-friendly because of its energy requirements. Laccase-catalyzing oxidative cleavage of fatty acid was applied to the production of dicarboxylic acids using hydroxy and oxo fatty acids involved in the saturation metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids in Lactobacillus plantarum as substrates. Hydroxy or oxo fatty acids with a functional group near the carbon–carbon double bond were cleaved at the carbon–carbon double bond, hydroxy group, or carbonyl group by laccase and transformed into dicarboxylic acids. After 8 h, 0.58 mM of sebacic acid was produced from 1.6 mM of 10-oxo-cis-12,cis-15-octadecadienoic acid (αKetoA) with a conversion rate of 35% (mol/mol). This laccase-catalyzed enzymatic process is a promising method to produce dicarboxylic acids from biomass-derived fatty acids. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of lipid research》2017,58(5):974-981
MUFAs are unsaturated FAs with one double bond and are derived from endogenous synthesis and dietary intake. Accumulating evidence has suggested that plasma and erythrocyte MUFA levels are associated with cardiometabolic disorders, including CVD, T2D, and metabolic syndrome (MS). Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified seven loci for plasma and erythrocyte palmitoleic and oleic acid levels in populations of European origin. To identify additional MUFA-associated loci and the potential functional variant at each locus, we performed ethnic-specific GWAS meta-analyses and trans-ethnic meta-analyses in more than 15,000 participants of Chinese and European ancestry. We identified novel genome-wide significant associations for vaccenic acid at FADS1/2 and PKD2L1 [log10(Bayes factor) ≥ 8.07] and for gondoic acid at FADS1/2 and GCKR [log10(Bayes factor) ≥ 6.22], and also observed improved fine-mapping resolutions at FADS1/2 and GCKR loci. The greatest improvement was observed at GCKR, where the number of variants in the 99% credible set was reduced from 16 (covering 94.8 kb) to 5 (covering 19.6 kb, including a missense variant rs1260326) after trans-ethnic meta-analysis. We also confirmed the previously reported associations of PKD2L1, FADS1/2, GCKR, and HIF1AN with palmitoleic acid and of FADS1/2 and LPCAT3 with oleic acid in the Chinese-specific GWAS and the trans-ethnic meta-analyses. Pathway-based analyses suggested that the identified loci were in unsaturated FA metabolism and signaling pathways. Our findings provide novel insight into the genetic basis relevant to MUFA metabolism and biology. 相似文献
14.
DHA(22:6n-3)、EPA(20:5n-3)和ARA(20:4n-6)三种长链多不饱和脂肪酸在生物体内活性最强,它们在促进大脑发育和功能维持以及在预防和治疗心血管疾病、炎症、癌症等多种疾病方面有着重要作用。然而,尽管哺乳动物体内有完整的长链多不饱和脂肪酸合成酶系,但哺乳动物合成这些长链多不饱和脂肪酸的效率很低而主要依赖于食物获取。本研究应用转基因方法,将哺乳动物来源的Δ6和Δ5脂肪酸去饱和酶以及Δ6和Δ5脂肪酸延长酶这4种酶的编码基因构建成为一个多基因表达载体,然后转染哺乳动物细胞HEK293T,实现了4个目的基因的超表达,再通过气质联用(GC-MS)分析证实了DHA、EPA和ARA等长链多不饱和脂肪酸的合成效率及水平显著增加,DHA的水平更是提高了2.5倍。由此可见,哺乳动物具有某种抑制长链多不饱和脂肪酸高水平合成的机制,但通过Δ6和Δ5脂肪酸去饱和酶以及Δ6和Δ5脂肪酸延长酶的超表达,能够打破哺乳动物这种抑制机制,从而显著提高DHA、EPA、ARA等的合成水平。同时,本研究的思路也为在转基因动物中生产长链多不饱和脂肪酸提供了重要的启示。 相似文献
15.
Anne Flint Berit Helt Anne Raben Sren Toubro Arne Astrup 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2003,11(12):1449-1455
Objective: Observational studies suggest that monounsaturated (MUFA) and trans fatty acids (TRANS) are more fattening than polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of intake of PUFA, MUFA, or TRANS on appetite and energy expenditure (EE). Research Methods and Procedures: Three test meals were randomly given in a cross‐over design to 19 overweight (BMI: 26.8 ± 0.4 kg/m2), young (25.2 ± 0.7 years) men. The fat‐rich breakfasts (0.8 g fat/kg body weight, 60% energy from fat) varied only in the source of C:18‐fat. EE was measured continuously in a respiration chamber, and appetite sensations were rated by visual analog scales before and every 30 minutes, for 5 hours, after the meal. After 5 hours, an ad libitum meal was served, and energy intake was registered. Sensory evaluations of all meals were given using visual analog scales. Data were analyzed by two‐way ANOVA. Results: There were no differences in basal or postprandial values of appetite ratings and EE, in subsequent ad libitum energy intake, or in the sensory evaluation of the test meals among the 3 test days. Discussion: Giving acutely large amounts of MUFA, PUFA, or TRANS did not impose any differences in appetite and EE in overweight humans. However, studies with extended protocols and other subject groups are warranted to investigate the long‐term effect of dietary fat quality on the regulation of energy balance and body weight. 相似文献
16.
The syntheses and reactions of two epoxyketoacids (methyl (Z)-9,10-epoxy-13-oxo-(E)-11-octadecenoate (IV) and methyl (E)-9,10-epoxy-13-oxo-(E)-11-octadecenoate (V)) are described. The synthetic method is based on the stereoselective oxidation of linoleic acid by soybean lipoxygenase to produce the corresponding 13-hydroperoxide. Reduction of the hydroperoxide with sodium borohydride followed by oxidation, esterification and epoxidation yielded the compounds IV and V with a global yield of 14% and 3%, respectively, referred to the diasteromerically pure isolated compounds. Confirmation of the structures was carried out by reduction of the ketone group with sodium borohydride and by the opening of the oxirane ring with methanolic boron trifluoride. The reduction of compounds IV and V with hydrogen mainly yielded the tetrahydrofuranoid fatty acid, methyl 10,13-epoxyoctadecanoate. This reaction may be considered a new procedure to obtain tetrahydrofuranoid fatty acids. 相似文献
17.
采用SSR分子标记技术对50份不同来源的籽用西瓜材料进行遗传多样性研究,并基于SSR分子标记聚类分析采用最小距离逐步抽样法构建籽瓜初级核心种质库。研究表明:(1)从106对SSR随机引物中筛选出扩增条带清晰、多态性高的31对引物,共得到138条清晰可辨条带,其中多态性条带115条,占83.33%,平均Shannon’s信息指数(I)为0.419 3,平均Nei’s多样指数(h)为0.272 4,平均有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.458 0,平均等位基因数(Na)为1.981 4,说明50份籽瓜种质具有丰富的遗传多样性。(2)用NTsys2.10e软件对种质资源聚类分析表明,种质间的遗传相似系数介于0.57~0.91之间,其中来源地相同的个别种质间遗传相似系数却很小,而来源地不同的个别种质间的遗传相似系数却很高。(3)采用最小距离逐步抽样法,按70%、60%、50%、40%、30%、20%、10%的比例抽样后,各个核心子集遗传多样性指数总体上变化不明显,但各抽样比例相比,以抽样比例20%获得10份初选种质的 Ne、 h和 I达到最高值,说明抽样20%构建的初级核心种质对原始种质具有很好的代表性。 相似文献
18.
Magnusson-Olsson AL Hamark B Ericsson A Wennergren M Jansson T Powell TL 《Journal of lipid research》2006,47(11):2551-2561
The fetal demand for FFA increases as gestation proceeds, and LPL represents one potential mechanism for increasing placental lipid transport. We examined LPL activity and protein expression in first trimester and term human placenta. The LPL activity was 3-fold higher in term (n = 7; P < 0.05) compared with first trimester (n = 6) placentas. The LPL expression appeared lower in microvillous membrane from first trimester (n = 2) compared with term (n = 2) placentas. We incubated isolated placental villous fragments with a variety of effectors [GW 1929, estradiol, insulin, cortisol, epinephrine, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha] for 1, 3, and 24 h to investigate potential regulatory mechanisms. Decreased LPL activity was observed after 24 h of incubation with estradiol (1 micro g/ml), insulin, cortisol, and IGF-1 (n = 12; P < 0.05). We observed an increase in LPL activity after 3 h of incubation with estradiol (20 ng/ml) or hyperglycemic medium plus insulin (n = 7; P < 0.05). To conclude, we suggest that the gestational increase in placental LPL activity represents an important mechanism to enhance placental FFA transport in late pregnancy. Hormonal regulation of placental LPL activity by insulin, cortisol, IGF-1, and estradiol may be involved in gestational changes and in alterations in LPL activity in pregnancies complicated by altered fetal growth. 相似文献
19.
Richieri Gary V. Ogata Ronald T. Kleinfeld Alan M. 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》1999,192(1-2):77-85
The interactions of long chain fatty acids (FA) with wild type (WT) fatty acid binding proteins (FABP) and engineered FABP mutants have been monitored to determine the equilibrium binding constants as well as the rate constants for binding and dissociation. These measurements have been done using the fluorescent probes, ADIFAB and ADIFAB2, that allow the determination of the free fatty acid (FFA) concentration in the reaction of FA with proteins and membranes. The results of these studies indicate that for WT proteins from adipocyte, heart, intestine, and liver, Kd values are in the nM range and affinities decrease with increasing aqueous solubility of the FA. Binding affinities for heart and liver are generally greater than those for adipocyte and intestine. Moreover, measurements of the rate constants indicate that binding equilibrium at 37øC is achieved within seconds for all FA and FABPs. These results, together with the level of serum (unbound) FFA, suggests a buffering action of FABPs that helps to maintain the intracellular concentration of FFA so that the flux of FFA between serum and cells occurs down a concentration gradient. Measurements of the temperature dependence of binding reveal that the free energy is predominately enthalpic and that the enthalpy of the reaction results from FA-FABP interactions within the binding cavity. The nature of these interactions were investigated by determining the thermodynamics of binding to engineered point mutants of the intestinal FABP. These measurements showed that binding affinities did not report accurately the changes in protein-FA interactions because changes in the binding entropy and enthalpy tend to compensate. For example, an alanine substitution for arginine 106 yields a 30 fold increase in binding affinity, because the loss in enthalpy due to the elimination of the favorable interaction between the FA carboxylate and Arg106, is more than compensated for by an increase in entropy. Thus understanding the effects of amino acid replacements on FA-FABP interactions requires measurements of enthalpy and entropy, in addition to affinity. 相似文献
20.
Fatty acid-binding proteins in the heart 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Schaap Frank G. van der Vusse Ger J. Glatz Jan F.C. 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》1998,180(1-2):43-51
Long-chain fatty acids are important fuel molecules for the heart, their oxidation in mitochondria providing the bulk of energy required for cardiac functioning. The low solubility of fatty acids in aqueous solutions impairs their cellular transport. However, cardiac tissue contains several proteins capable of binding fatty acids non-covalently. These fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are thought to facilitate both cellular uptake and intracellular transport of fatty acids. The majority of fatty acids taken up by the heart seems to pass the sarcolemma through a carrier-mediated translocation mechanism consisting of one or more membrane-associated FABPs. Intracellular transport of fatty acids towards sites of metabolic conversion is most likely accomplished by cytoplasmic FABPs. In this review, the roles of membrane-associated and cytoplasmic FABPs in cardiac fatty acid metabolism under (patho)physiological circumstances are discussed. 相似文献